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TRANSCRIPT
COMMITTEE ON NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF
NIGERIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Presentation to the
Council ChamberState House, Abuja
Thursday 1st November 2012
NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL
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■ Dispute over the implementation of the
2009 Agreement between the FGN and ASUU
■ Efforts to resolve the outstanding issues
■ Revitalisation of the Nigerian University system
■ Needs Assessment of Nigerian Universities
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S/N Name Institution Post
1 Prof. Mahmood Yakubu Executive Secretary, Tertiary Education Trust
Fund (TETFund)
Chairman
2 Senator Abubakar Atiku Bagudu Representative, Senate Committee on
Education, National Assembly
Member
3 Honourable Jerry Alagbaoso Representative, House of Representatives
Committee on Education, National Assembly
Member
4 Raymond Brown Representative, Office of the SGF Member
5 Dr. Jamila “huげaヴa Representative, Federal Ministry of Education Member
6 Adeyinka O. Jones Representative, Federal Ministry of Finance Member
7 Emmanuel Ina Uchola Representative, Federal Ministry of Trade &
Investment
Member
8 Mrs. Victoria Omolade Oluyole, Representative, National Planning Commission Member
9 Late Arc. (Mrs.) Chinwe Obi/
Mr. Ayo Bankole
Representative, National Universities
Commission (NUC)
Member
10 Prof. Ukachukwu Aloysius Awuzie President/IPP Academic Staff Union of
Universities (ASUU)
Member
11 Mr. Femi Melefa Tertiary Education Trust Fund Secretary
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■ The Universities produce leaders in all
areas: Government, business, innovation
and invention.
■ The FUTURE of a nation can be determined by
the quality of its education system generally,
but especially by its universities in the
immediate term.
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» Carry out a detailed appraisal of existing physical facilities for teaching and
learning in the universities, particularly their capacity and functionality;
» Give a detailed inventory of learning resources, with particular reference to
their relevance and serviceability;
» Compile the number of teaching staff by academic qualification and
programme, indicating whether they are engaged on full-time, part-time or
adjunct basis;
» Compile a list of non-teaching staff and their disposition in each University;
» Compile a list of full-time students in each programme (undergraduate as well
as postgraduate) across all levels;
» Identify the number of institutions, students and programmes involved in part-
time and approved affiliations;
» Identify the number of on-campus hostels in each university and categorise
them by ownership and capacity vis-à-vis the studeﾐtsげ population;
» Give the status of municipal facilities in each university and the requirements
for their provision, upgrade and maintenance;
» Examine any other matter which in the opinion of the Committee is relevant to
the revitalization of our universities; and
» Submit a comprehensive report, making clear and detailed recommendations
that are immediately actionable by Government.
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» Development of Data Gathering Templates
» Interactions with Pro-Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of all
public universities
» Interaction with other university managers (Directors of
Academic Planning, Physical Planning, and Works)
» Collation of data/information from all the public universities
» Confirmatory visits to all the universities
» Analysis of data and information (data clean-up and
analysis)
» Comparisons with International Best Practices indices and
parameters
» Comparisons with Nigerian National Minimum Standards
» Development of Reports
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■ There are 74 public Universities in Nigeria (37
Federal, 37 State)
■ The work of the Committee covers 61 Universities:
— 27 Federal (the 10 new Universities not
included)
— 34 State (Sokoto State University, North
West University Kano and Tai Solarin
University of Education, Ijebu Ode, Ogun
State, not included)
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— 13 of the 74 are Universities of Science and
Technology: 5 Federal, 8 State universities
— 2 Universities of Education (both of them State
Universities)
— 3 Universities of Agriculture (all of them
Federal)
— 2 Defence/Security Universities (both of them
Federal)
— 1 Petroleum University (Federal)
— 53 conventional universities (26 Federal, 27
State Universities)
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By definition, NEEDS ASSESSMENT entails an appraisal of the
existing situation and what is needed for transformation. It is
not an assessment of achievements and not a PR exercise.
Nations have periodically done self-appraisal of their
institutions believing that it is the best way to reposition and
transform them.
We have examined the universities beyond the impression we
get when we attend convocation ceremonies or give public
lectures on their campuses.
The Report is factual, graphic and in some cases grim.
The universities have a common problem irrespective of
region and ownership.
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PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
&
LEARNING RESOURCES
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Physical infrastructure for teaching & learning
includes:
Lecture Theatres/Auditoria
Classrooms
Laboratories
Workshops/Studios/Gymnasia
Libraries
Staff Offices
Learning resources are:
Laboratory equipment and consumables
ICT facilities and services
Books, journals and periodicals
Machines and other research equipment, etc.
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The Coﾏﾏitteeげs Assessment found that physical facilities
for teaching and learning in Nigerian Universities are:
Inadequate
Used beyond the original carrying capacity.
Many lecturers, including Professors, share small offices.
Dilapidated
Poorly ventilated, illuminated, furnished and equipped.
Over-stretched/over-crowded
Lectures theatres, classrooms, laboratories and workshops
shared by many programmes across different Faculties.
Improvised
Open-air sports pavilion, old cafeteria, convocation arenas
and even uncompleted buildings used for lectures. In some
cases, workshops are conducted under corrugated sheds or
trees.
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So much pressure is put on existing facilities mainly
due to unplanned expansion of programmes:
Ebonyi State University has 11 Faculties in 11 years.
The University of Abuja established 4 capital
intensive programmes in one day.
Osun State University Osogbo has 3 sets of Medical
Students in limbo between pre-clinical and clinical
stages due to the absence of a Teaching Hospital.
Inability to use facility audit as a basis of planning
as in the case of the proposed Faculty of Medicine
vis-à-┗is e┝istiﾐg ヴealit┞ iﾐ Uﾏaヴu YaヴげAdua University in Katsina. as illustrated by the following
slide.
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10
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Biology Lab. I
Biology Lab. II
Biology Lab. III
Physics Lab. I
Physics Lab. II
Physics Lab. III
Chemistry Lab. I
Chemistry Lab. II
Chemistry Lab. III
Computer
Computer
Lab. II
Computer
Lab. III
Biology Research
Lab.
Chemistry Research
Lab.
Physics Research
Lab.
G.I.S.
Lab.
P.G.
Lab. I
P.G.
Lab. II
Soil & Water
Lab.
Cartography
Lab.
Insta
lled
Cap
acity
Ava
ilab
le/ C
urre
nt C
apacity
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Typical Over-crowded & Over-stretched Facility with inadequate Furniture, MOUA UmudikePDF Compressor Pro
University Students Attending Regular Academic Lecture in a Sports Pavilion: Umudike
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Peeping through the Window for Lectures: University of Maiduguri
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Sitting on Bare Floor for Lectures: University of JosPDF Compressor Pro
Typical Over-crowded Lecture Hall: DELSU, AbrakaPDF Compressor Pro
Pioneer Students standing for lectures, Bauchi State University (Bauchi Campus)PDF Compressor Pro
Pioneer Students standing for lectures, Akwa Ibom State University (Main Campus Ikot Akpaden)PDF Compressor Pro
Improvised Seats in Lecture Theatre at University of Benin
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Broken Furniture in Lecture Rooms: OAU Ile-Ife
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Simultaneous Lectures Going on in an Improvised Facility, FUT OwerriPDF Compressor Pro
Broken furniture at CHS Auditorium, NDU Wilberforce IslandPDF Compressor Pro
Typical Dilapidated Lecture Room: IMSU, OwerriPDF Compressor Pro
» Many Laboratories and Workshops are old with inappropriate
furnishing.
» Power and water supply problems.
» Scanty and broken furniture.
» Overcrowded and overstretched (many double as lecture rooms).
» Equipment and consumables are absent, inadequate or outdated.
Kerosene stoves used as Bunsen burners in some laboratories.
» Engineering Workshops operating under zinc sheds and trees.
» In many universities, science-based Faculties are running けDヴ┞LaHげ for lack of reagents and tools to conduct physical/real
experiments.
» No Cutting edge research equipment/facilities. No laboratory,
workshop or library ranks among the top 1,000 in the world.
» Where major equipment exists, the ratio to student, in some
universities, is as high as 1:500.
The Coﾏﾏitteeげs fiﾐdiﾐgs aヴe as follo┘s:PDF Compressor Pro
Typical Chemistry Laboratory in Nigerian University
…Studeﾐts Iﾏpro┗ise to do their LaH ┘ork
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O┗erIro┘ded けDry LaHげ ふAﾐiﾏal & Eﾐ┗iroﾐﾏeﾐtal Biology PraItiIalsぶ: Uﾐi┗. of BeﾐiﾐPDF Compressor Pro
Kerosene Stoves as Improvised Bunsen burners
Chemistry Lab, University of Uyo Biochemistry Lab, University of Jos
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Botany Laboratory at Unical: Stools donated by Students
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けDry LaHげ iﾐ aItioﾐ: ﾐo tools, ﾐo reageﾐts: Maiﾐ TeaIhiﾐg LaHoratory, Cheﾏistry Dept., ABU )aria
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Lab without Tools: 300 Level Biology and Biotechnology Class, Univ. of Benin
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Physics Laboratory, Yobe State University, Damaturu
Good Facility without EquipmentPDF Compressor Pro
Engineering Workshop in a University: MaiduguriPDF Compressor Pro
Obsolete Engineering Equipment
Lagos State University OAU Ile-Ife
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Mechanical Engineering (Automobile) Workshop: FUT Owerri
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Central Engineering Workshop: Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta
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Basic Learning Resources are unavailable or
in short supply. For instance:
less than 10% of the universities have
Video Conferencing facility.
Less than 20% of the universities useInteractive Boards (even the ones that
deployed Interactive Boards are using them
in less than 10% of their lecturerooms/theatres).
More than 50% don’t use Public AddressSystem in their lecture rooms/theatres.
Internet Services are non-existent, or
epileptic and slow.
Library resources are outdated and manual.No university library is fully automated.
Less than 35% are partially automated.
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Section of Kashim Ibrahim Library, ABU ZariaPDF Compressor Pro
Library, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, RumuolumeniPDF Compressor Pro
5 10
150
300
500 500
15005,000
150180
4,930
5
250
3 3
4
0
10 20
100
700
500 500
5001000
100150
2,600
15
150
15 13
6
2
Quantity Procured Quantity Required
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There are 701 physical development projectsdotted across the universities in the country.
» 163 (23.3%) are abandoned projects
» 538 (76.7%) are on-going projects
These projects, when completed, would help
greatly in reducing the pressure on existing
facilities.
Some of the abandoned projects are over 15years old.
UNN and UDUS have the highest number of
abandoned projects (22 and 16 respectively).
These abandoned projects are funded through
Capital appropriation (Federal and State), NDDCand IGR.
It is noteworthy that while over 60% of the on-
going projects are being funded by TETFund,
there is no abandoned TETFund project.
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All NDDC projects across the universities in theNiger Delta States are abandoned. About 84.6%
of them are students’ hostels viz:
S/No Name of Facility University
%
Completion
1 Students’ Hostel Fed. University of Technology, Akure 20%
2 Students’ Hostel Fed. Univ. of Pet. Resources , Effurun —
3 500-Room Students’ Hostel Fed. Univ. of Technology, Owerri 35%
4 Medical College Complex University of Benin
4 Students’ Hostel University of Port Harcourt 25%
5 300-Room Hostel Abia State University 20%
6 Students’ Hostel Ambrose Alli University 20%
7 Students’ Hostel Imo State University —
8 Laboratory Imo State University
9 500-Bed NDDC Hostel A Niger Delta University 10%
10 500-Bed NDDC Hostel B Niger Delta University 10%
11 Students’ Hostel University of Benin —
12 500-bed students hostel Adekunle Ajasin Univ., Akungba —
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Some States rely entirely on Federalintervention through TETFund for capital
projects.
There are 20 projects at IBBU, Lapai, as follows:Abandoned Project Source of
Funding
%
Completion
Senate Building NSG 30%
2 No. Sci. Dept’lBuilding
NSG 50%
2No. Soc. Sci. Dept’l Building
NSG 50%
Science Lecturetheatre
NSG 50%
Social Sci. Lecturetheatre
NSG 50%
Water works NSG 35%
Sporting Facilities NSG 10%
Road networks NSG 30%
Street Lights NSG 20%
Students’ Centre NSG 10%
ON-GOING PROJECTS Source of
Funding
%
Completion
Construction of ICT CentreTETFund
10%
Furnishing of ICT CentreTETFund
25%
Procurement ICT EquipmentTETFund
25%
Procurement of GeneratorTETFund
Done
Procurement of Auditorium Furniture
TETFund25%
Procurement of Textbooks TETFund
40%
Equipping & Furnishing Lib.TETFund
25%
ICT equipment for LibraryTETFund
60%
Central LaboratoryTETFund
60%
Twin Theatre complex TETFund
60%
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There are 8 on-going projects at the Nasarawa
State University, Keffi. None of them is funded by
the State Government viz:
On-going Projects Funding Source %
Completion
Lecture Theatre (Fac. of Admin) TETFund 40%
Construction of Fac. of Arts TETFund 31%
Construction of Fac. Soc. Sci. TETFund 35%
Construction of Fac. of Law Lib. TETFund 15%
Lecture Theatre (Fac. of Law) TETFund 10%
Academic Office Complex I TETFund 37%
Academic Office Complex II TETFund 12%
Postgraduate School CBN 10%
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There are 9 out of 15 abandoned projects by theproprietor at CRUTECH and equal number of on-goingprojects with TETFund viz:
S/No Ongoing Projects Funding %
1 Advanced Manufacturing
Workshop
CRS 50%
2. Foundry Workshop building CRS 45%
3. Drawing Studio(400) CRS 90%
4. Renovation of Engineering
Faculty Laboratory/Office
CRS 80%
5. Postgraduate School Building TETFund 30%
6. Faculty of Education Block TETFund 45%
7. Faculty of Management Science
Block
TETFund 50%
8. 2No Animal House TETFund 30%
9. Animal Farm House CRS 40%
10. Classroom/Lecture Hall TETFund 50%
S/No Abandoned Projects Funding %
1 Guest House, Calabar Campus CRS 20%
2. New Cafe Building, Calabar Campus CRS 35%
3. NDDC Hostel Building NDDC 25%
4. Hostel Block, Obubra Campus CRS 10%
5. Staff Quarters, Obubra Campus CRS 10%
6. Sports Pavilion, Obubra Campus CRS 10%
7. Male Hostel, Obubra IBCA 30%
8. Female Hostel 1, Obubra IBCA 25%
9. Female Hostel 2, Obubra IBCA 20%
10. Cafeteria IBCA 10%
11. Forestry Farm IBCA 35%
12. Water Project CRS
13. Staff Offices CRS
14. Pavilion CRS
15. Residential Quarters CRS
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Abandoned NDDC Medical College: University of Benin
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In the course of our assignment, the Committee found
that majority of the universities in the country are:
grossly under-staffed
rely heavily on part-time and visiting lecturers
have under-qualified Academics
bottom-heavy (with junior lecturers forming large chunk
of the workforce)
only a few of them attract expatriate lecturers
have no effective staff development programme outside
TETFund intervention and, potentially, the Presidential
First Class Scholarship programme.
けIlosedげ (homogeneous staff – in terms of ethno-cultural
background)
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» Based on the available data, there are 37,504
Academics in Nigerian Public Universities.
» 83% of the lecturers are male while 17% are female.
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» 23,030 (61.0%) of the lecturers are employed in
Federal universities while 14,474 (39.0%) teach
in State Universities.
» The teaching staff-students ratio is very high in
many universities:
National Open University of Nigeria 1:363
University of Abuja 1:122
Lagos State University 1:114
(Compare the above with Harvard 1:4; MIT 1:9;
Yale 1:4, Cambridge 1:3; NUS 1:12; KFUPM 1:9;
Technion 1:15).
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Teaching Staff distribution in the country, both by
qualification and by rank, indicates that Nigeヴiaげs university
system is in crisis of manpower.
Instead of having 100% of the Academics having PhDs,
only about 43% do so. The remaining 57% have no PhDs.
Instead of having 75% of the Academics between Senior
Lecturers and Professors, only about 44% are within the
bracket while the remaining 56% are not.
Only 7 Universities have up to 60% of their teaching staff with
PhD qualifications (i.e. IMSU, Unical, Ondo State Univ. of
Science & Tech Okitipupa, NOUN, Uniport, Unilorin and
Uniuyo).
While majority of the universities in the country are grossly
understaffed, a few cases present a pathetic picture.
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There are universities in which the total number of
Professors is not more than Five (5)! And total number of
PhDs in the whole university is not up to Thirty (30)!
Examples are:
the Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil,
established in 2001 (11 years old) with only 1 Professor and
25 PhD holders.
Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero,
established in 2006 has only 2 Professors and 5 PhDs.
Ondo State University of Science & Technology Okitipupa,
established in 2008, has a total of 29 lecturers.
There is an increasing culture of visiting lecturership in the
university system. Out of a total of 37,504 lecturers, only
28,128 (75%) are engaged on full-time basis.
This means that 9,376 (25%) are recycled as Visiting,
Adjunct, Sabbatical and Contract lecturers.
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In the Gombe State University, only 4 out of 47 Profs
are full-time and all 25 Readers are visiting.
In the Plateau State University, Bokkos, 74% of the
lecturers are visiting.
In the Kaduna State University, only 24 out of 174 PhD
holders are full-time staff.
The phenomenon seems unregulated or the regulation is
defied. A tenure staff in one university can visit many
universities, irrespective of distance, without any control.
Some Academics are always on the road travelling from one
university town to another and unable to meet their primary
obligations with their tenure-employer.
It is making some proprietors of State Universities to believe
that they can run Universities without any programme for
academic staff development and for recruiting full-time
lecturers.
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» Over the past three years, the Universities have witnessed increase
in publications:
7935 articles are published by the Universities per annum
There is also an average of 2504 citations per annum
3304 articles are in local journals published in-house
3288 are published other local journals
1343 are published in foreign journals
» Teaching Staff in Nigerian universities published heavily in local
journals (over 80%) majority of which have no visibility in the
international knowledge community. This has a detrimental effect on
the ヴeputatioﾐ of Nigeヴiaげs aIadeﾏiIs. The TETFund initiative of
supporting the Journals of Nigerian professional association would
help. 102 journals have been supported in 2 Phases to improve their
content including indexing and web. visibility.
» No Nigerian academic is in the league of Nobel Laureates or a
nominee of Nobel Prize.
» There are only 2 registered patents owned by Nigerian Academics in
the last 3 years.
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» Non-teaching staff in the university system are intended to
provide administrative and technical support for the
maintenance of infrastructural facilities (including
laboratories and workshops etc.), the provision of
payroll/personnel services, library support services are
some of their key responsibilities that make the university
system complete, effective and efficient.
» In Nigerian universities, however, the disposition of Non-
Teaching staff appears to redefine the objectives of the
University:
˃ there are numerically more support staff in the services
of the universities than the teaching staff they are
meant to support – a scenario in which the tail is
wagging the dog
˃ More expenditure is incurred in administration and
routine functions than in core academic matters
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» There are 77,511 full-time non-teaching staff in
Nigeヴiaげs puHliI uﾐi┗eヴsities. This is more than twice
the total number of full-time teaching staff.
» In most of the Universities, there are more non-
teaching staff than teaching staff. In fact, the number
of non-teaching staff in some Universities doubles,
triples or quadruples that of teaching staff.
» In some universities, the number of senior
administrative staff alone is more than the number of
teaching staff (e.g. Uniben, OAU Ile-Ife).
» In the University of Benin, there are more senior staff
in the Registrar cadre (Dep. Registrars, PARs, SARs)
than Professors.
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Almost all the universities are over-staffed with non-
teaching staff. The implication of this is over-blown
personnel cost and misuse of available resources in the
university system.
In a number of universities, in spite of the general glut of
non-teaching staff, those that reached retirement age are
still ヴetaiﾐed iﾐ the uﾐi┗eヴsit┞ seヴ┗iIe けoﾐ IoﾐtヴaItげ ┘hile new recruitment still continues. This is partly responsible
for the ballooning of the non-teaching staff.
Over 70% of non-teaching staff do not have a first degrees
showing low professionalism or unqualified personnel in
specific roles within the universities.
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The Committee found that:
» There are 1,252,913 students in Nigerian Public Universities.
˃ 85% of the students are undergraduates
˃ 5% Sub-degree
˃ 3% Postgraduate diploma
˃ 5% Masters students
˃ 2% PhD students
» 960,132 students (76.6%) are enrolled in 25 universities (16
Federal, 9 States). Overall, 798,661 students (63.7%) are
enrolled in Federal Universities. 34 State Universities have
454,252 students (36.3%).
Sub-Degree,
5%
Undergraduat
es, 85%
PG Diploma,
3%
PG Masters,
5%
PhD, 2%
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In contrast, 7 Universities put together have total student enrollment of
less than 1% of the overall national figure i.e. 6,868 (0.5%). The
universities with the least student enrollment are:
• Ondo State University of Science & Technolgy (212 students)
• Plateau State University, Bokkos(328 students)
• Bauchi State University (445 students)
• Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun (682 students)
• Akwa Ibom State University (837 students)
• Yobe State University, Damaturu (2113 students)
• Kebbi State University of Science & Technology, Aliero (2251
students)
About 43% of the students are female
while 57% are male.
8 Universities (LASU, University of Abuja,
NOUN, Uniben, Uniport, ABU, MAU, Ekiti
State University and Unimaid) account for
about 33% of total studeﾐtsげ enrolment in
Nigeria.
Female
43
Male
57
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» Among the undergraduate students:
˃ 33.1% are studying courses in Arts and Social Sciences
˃ 33% are studying Management Sciences and Education
courses
˃ 16% studying Science and Education-Science courses
˃ 6.3% are studying Engineering courses
˃ 5% studying Medicine
˃ 3.9% Studying Agriculture
˃ 1.4% studying Pharmacy
˃ 1.3% studying Law
» Indeed the current enrollment is a reversal of the National Policy
as the current Science to Non-science ratio of 32:68 instead of
60:40
» There is no relationship between enrollment and the tangible
manpower needs of the nation.
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There are 1,252,913 students in 61 public universities in
Nigeria. In 2012, some 1,503,931 candidates sat for the
UTME examinations, more than the total current
enrollment in public universities. The crisis of access
remains while quality is also a major challenge.
The Committee found out that compared to developing
countries with high and medium populations, the
carrying capacity of our Universities is very low in
relation to the Open University system, the hybrid (Open
and in situ) system and conventional universities as
follows:
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S/No. University Enrollment
1. NOUN 57,759
2. Indira Gandhi NOU (India) 3,500,000
3. Allama Iqbal OU (Pakistan) 1,121,038
4. Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur 600,000
The Open University system
The Hybrid system
S/No. University Enrollment
1. LASU 90,885
2. University of Abuja 62,528
3. Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey 1,141,180
4. Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 818,150
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Conventional System
S/No. University Enrollment
1. ABU Zaria 49,436
2. University of Ibadan 33,481
3. University of Nigeria, Nsukka 23,815
4. University of Buenos Aires, Argentina 316,050
5. National Autonomous University of
Mexico
314,557
6. University of South Africa, Pretoria 250,000
7. Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 200,000
Nigeria needs to understudy these countries in
expanding access to university education based on
the three modes of enrollment.
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» The provision of decent hostel accommodation to at
least 50% of the student population in any residential
university is proving to be an uphill task for Nigerian
universities.
» University managers have, over the years, been unable
to diversify their means of providing hostel
accommodation and associated facilities to students.
» The management styles of students accommodation is
generally ineffective and has left majority of the hostel
facilities in state of disrepair.
» There has been, over the last two decades, an upsurge
of studeﾐtsげ populatioﾐ iﾐ alﾏost all Nigeヴiaﾐ universities but there was no commensurate
improvement of accommodation and other student
services.
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Consequently, there is a lot of pressure on the
available accommodation facilities. As a result,
there is:
• rapid deterioration of hostel facilities
• overcrowding and undue congestion in rooms
• overstretched lavatory and laundry facilities
• poor sanitation, etc.
These conditions, coupled with the general
condition of the universities, produce graduates
that lack confidence and sometimes even self-
worth.
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The Committee found that:
There are about 109,509 (representing 10.3% of total student
population) on-campus hostels bed spaces across all public
universities in Nigeria.
Except NDA Kaduna, no university in Nigeria is able to
accommodate more than 35% of its students.
Less than 1% of the hostels are provided via PPP
All Federal Universities charge Ninety Naira only (N90.00) per bed
space per session plus hostel maintenance fee that varies
between Five thousand Naira only (N5,000.00) to Twenty
thousand Naira (N20,000.00).
The hostels attract an average fee of N6,000 for maintenance,
while each bed space costs at least N90 per session. There are
however many universities that charge higher than this.
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The lavatories in most of the hostels of Nigerian universities
are both inadequate and unfit for human use. This is not
surprising given the average ratio of toilet to users of 1:20. The
unhealthy condition of lavatories is forcing some students to
use the bush and/or the surrounding compounds of the
hostels as open toilets. This poses serious health hazard.
In some universities (e.g. MOUAU), female students take their
bath in the open because the bathrooms are in very poor
condition. The hostels are infested with rodents.
Laundries and common rooms in many universities have been
converted into rooms where students live. In these improvised
rooms, there is no limit to the number of occupants.
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In a few universities (e.g. KASU Kaduna), there are private
hostels on campus jointly owned by universities and
private developers or fully owned by the private
developers. They charge between N25,000.00 -
N100,000.00 per session.
In a few other universities (e.g. University of Ibadan), the
management of university-owned hostels has been
outsourced. In such cases, the cost of bed space is a bit
more expensive. But the halls are more decent, less
congested and properly maintained.
A few universities are fully non-residential: LAUTECH, Osun
State University Osogbo, OOU Ago-Iwoye and IMSU or
partially residential in favour of medical and some female
students like AAU Akungba).
There are some 12 abandoned NDDC hostel projects.
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More than 70% of the universities-owned hostels require minor
rehabilitation or major reconstruction.
Most State universities charge commercial rates for hostel
accommodation. This however forced some students to live in
さstudeﾐts ┗illagesざ scattered around university campuses. In
TSU Jalingo and KWASU Malete, there are unoccupied rooms
because students cannot afford the rates.
In most universities, there is sufficient land to develop more
hostels but the universities cannot utilize capital votes for
provision of hostel accommodations. There is need to review
this policy.
Considering the general condition of university-owned hostels
where university students live, it is easy to see why the self-
esteem of Nigerian students is eroding and their self-confidence
shrivelling very fast.
In off-campus hostels, students are susceptible to extraneous
influences and violence (cultism, prostitution, rape, gang
violence, armed robbery and brigandage).
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Cooking in Congested Bedroom, University of Benin
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Inside the Female Hostel, AAU Akungba, Akoko, Ondo State
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Laundry turned into Hostel Room: Univ. of Maiduguri
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Male Hostel, Malabo Republic, University of CalabarPDF Compressor Pro
Toilet, Female Hostel, Malabo Republic, University of Calabar
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Private Hostel at KASU, Kaduna
Univ.-managed Hostel at KASU, Kaduna
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» Municipal/infrastructural facilities in the university are necessary
ingredients/services that make the university a complete community. Providing
them in every university campus is necessary not only as facilitators of teaching
and learning but also for the campuses to be habitable and decent places for
living. These facilities include:
• Power Supply
• Street Lighting and Illumination
• Road Network
• Water Supply
• General Landscaping
• Health and Sanitation
• Staff Club
• Gymnasia
» None of the universities provide any information about their campus markets.
Only 4 universities provide information about their health services while only
universities with physiotherapy or physical and health education departments
provide information about their gymnasia. Few universities provide data on
staff clubs and sporting facilities while majority of the universities have given
detailed information about water supply, power supply, road network, and
street lighting.
• Sporting Facilities (Sport
complexes, courts & pitches etc.)
• “tudeﾐtsげ Ceﾐtヴe• Campus Market (Shopping malls,
Souvenir stores, bookstores,
Banks, Printing press, pharmacy,
travel agents, and Eateries etc.)
• Security
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The summary of the Committee findings are as follows:
» It is generally observed that very poor maintenance culture is costing Nigerian
Universities a lot of resources.
» Municipal services that require cheap and routine maintenance schedules are
generally ignored until they completely fail or collapse.
» Artisans and technicians in most universities are side-lined in favour of
contractors who are not familiar with university installations and
infrastructures.
» Basic municipal facilities like water, electricity, transportation, market etc. are
either lacking or highly inadequate.
» Most of the universities rely on water tankers and boreholes.
» There is no university that has a functional integrated water supply and
distribution network.
» There is no organised market on most of the university campuses resulting in
inappropriate use of learning spaces for trade.
» Healthcare facilities at the Universities are grossly inadequate.
» The land areas of most universities are unsecured and are therefore
encroached upon by neighbouring communities.
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KSU
Acute Water Problem, Female Hostel, Kogi State University, Anyigba
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Collapsed shallow well in hostel where students lost their lives: AAU, Ekpoma
RIP: Miss Aﾐgeliﾐta Okha ふ4ヰヰ’L Bus. Adﾏiﾐぶ aﾐd Miss AHigail Iyaughe ふヱヰヰ’L EIoﾐ.ぶ
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Swamp Threat behind the Faculty of Engineering, NDU Wilberforce Island
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The major funding sources for the universities in
descending order are:
Recurrent allocation (which contributes 68%)
Internally Generated Revenue (16%)
Capital Allocation (7%)
TETFund (4%)
Research Grants (3%)
Service Charges (2%)
Donations/Aid/Endowment (less than 1%).
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Arising from these findings, one can surmise that the problems of
Nigerian Universities are:
» Students sitting on bare floor or peeping through windows to attend lectures
» Over 1000 students being packed in lecture halls meant for less than 150 students
» Over 400 students being packed in laboratory meant for 75 students
» Students cannot get accommodation, where they get they are packed like sardines in
tiny rooms
» No light and no water in hostels, classrooms and laboratories
» Students use the bushy areas of their campus for toilet because lavatory facilities are
too hazardous to use
» Academic culture is dying very fast
» Library facilities and services are archaic and comatose
» Many laboratory equipment are only known to students in theory (never seen many of
them not to talk of using them)
» Broken furniture everywhere
» Unkempt buildings and dilapidating facilities
» Over-worked, untrained, and inadequate teachers, etc
» The list Ioﾐtiﾐues, BUT….
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These けpヴoHleﾏsげ are actually SYMPTOMS of the real PROBLEMS.
The real problems of the universities are:
The quality of Leadership and Governance in the Universities
Prioritization of Resource Allocation
Limited Resources (Some proprietors have abdicated the
responsibility for funding of capital projects to TETFund)
In universities where councils/managers:
» Spend millions to erect super-gates when their Libraries are still at foundation level;
» Expend millions to purchase exotic vehicles for university officers even though they
lack basic classroom furnishings;
» Spend hundreds of millions in wall-fencing and in-fencing when students
accommodation is inadequate and in tatters;
» Are more interested in spending money on creation of new programmes instead of
consolidating and expanding access to existing ones;
» Are more keen to award new contracts rather than completing the abandoned
projects or standardizing existing facilities;
» Expend hundreds of millions paying visiting and part-time lecturers rather than
recruiting full-time staff and/or training existing ones;
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» Are spending hundreds of millions in mundane administration cost instead of
providing boreholes and power supplements and hostels and academic area;
» Are more interested in hiring more support staff (even when there is clear over-
staffing) instead of recruiting/training more Academics;
» Rely solely on government envelops instead of being creative and diversifying their
sources of income;
» Are hiring personal staff, including Personal Assistants, Special Advisers, Bodyguards,
Personal Consultants, etc. instead of utilising establishment positions in the
universities;
» Are always in tug-o-war with Governing Councils over role-encroachment and contract
tendering;
» Deliberately misinform and/or deceive regulatory agencies so as to get accreditation
of their programmes;
» Consciously hire mercenary staff and/or borrow equipment for the purpose of
accreditation
» Are always at daggers drawn with staff unions over basic welfare issues;
These universities cannot possibly be in a different situation than
they presently are.
To address the Needs of Nigeria Universities, there is urgent need to, prima facie, address
the issue of pヴo┗isioﾐ of ケualit┞ leadeヴship aﾐd go┗eヴﾐaﾐIe iﾐ puHliI uﾐi┗eヴsities. Thus….
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The Committee makes 189 recommendations in
order to reposition the public University system in
Nigeria. These are summarised and appended to
this presentation.
These recommendations are grouped into 3 areas:
Council and Management
Proprietors
Regulatory agency (i.e. NUC)
However, 2 out of these recommendations are
highlighted as follows:
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1. Management of the Universities
Nothing can work in our universities without proactive
management. Two issues are pertinent.
The first is the composition and character of the
GOVERNING COUNCILS, especially the external members,
among them the Pro-Chancellor, appointed by
Government. They need to be carefully chosen and
saddled with clear tasks that they must accomplish abinitio. The integrity of Councils is central to the
rejuvenation of our Universities.
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In Federal Universities, Councils appoint Vice
Chancellors and initiate the process of their removal.
They must set clear targets for the Universities related
to their core mandate and hold the VCs and
management to account for the attainment or
otherwise of these targets. Specific recommendations
are contained in the main report.
The second critical issue in the management of our
Universities is the VCs and PRINCIPAL OFFICERS. The
major issue here is attitude.
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University managers need to be creative in
diversifying sources of revenue to the institutions:
establishing viable commercial ventures
marketing their consultancy services
commercialization of accommodation
charging competitive fees for postgraduate
studies
converting innovations into commercial products
pursuing endowments and bequeaths etc.
Many Councils, VCs and Principal Officers take their
appointments as merely perfunctory. Priorities are
inverted: back-end becomes front-end and vice versa as
graphically illustrated by the following slides.
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Central Admin Complex
Interior of Vice ChaﾐIellor’s OffiIe
Department of Biological Sciences
Botany Laboratory
1
43
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2. Teaching Staff
With only 28,128 full-time and pensionable academic
staff (out of a total 37,504) in 61 public universities in
Nigeria, there is a chronic shortage of teaching staff.
The Cairo University in Giza, Egypt, alone has 12,158
academic staff.
With only 2% of students in Nigerian universities
registered for PhD, the system is unable to regenerate
itself.
57% of lecturers in Nigerian Universities have no PhD.
There are two issues: number and quality of lecturers.
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The Committee notes the efforts by TETFund which has so far
sponsored 5,867 lecturers of tertiary institutions for PG
studies within and outside Nigeria. The Committee also notes
the efforts by PTDF and NITDA in awarding scholarships for
higher degrees to qualified Nigerians.
Similarly, the Committee notes the potential impact of the
Presidential First Class Scholarship programme on the number
and quality of lecturers.
The Committee recommends that:
All proprietors of Universities to be given a moratorium of 5 -
7 years in which 90% of their lecturers should have PhDs.
Visiting lectureship should be regulated. Every tenure-
track academic seeking to work as a visiting lecturer to
another university must obtain approval from his/her
employer through the Senate. Details in the main Report.
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As part of the criteria for licencing new universities
or accreditation of programmes by NUC, there
must be clear evidence of a robust and continuous
investment in academic staff training and
development (within and outside Nigeria) by all
proprietors.
There should be greater synergy among the Federal
funding agencies in PG sponsorship. PTDF and
NITDA should target university lecturers for
sponsorship within their respective mandates to
complement TETFund intervention.
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6 Federal Universities (the oldest University in each
geo-political zone) should be designated as essentially
Postgraduate training institutions.
These Universities have the requisite number of
senior academic staff who are currently largely
engaged in undergraduate teaching.
From 2012, 50% of their enrollment should be PG
students to rise to 70% by 2016. Already, the
University of Ibadan is inching towards this ratio.
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S/No. University Prof. Readers Senior
Lecturers
Total
1. University of Ibadan 272 82 299 653
2. University of Nigeria,
Nsukka
304 39 405 748
3. Ahmadu Bello University,
Zaria
236 158 342 736
4. University of Benin 239 118 289 646
5. University of Maiduguri 140 80 149 369
6. University of Ilorin 156 51 243 450
Total 1347 528 2727 3602
The proposed universities and their number of
senior academics are as follows:
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Other Recommendations
Detailed recommendations are attached to this summary
covering:
Non-teaching staff
IﾐIヴeased aIIess ふi.e. studeﾐtsげ eﾐヴollﾏeﾐtぶ Physical Infrastructure for Teaching & Learning
Provision of Learning Resources
On-Campus Accommodation
Improved Funding to complement budgetary
allocation
Municipal Infrastructure
“taff aﾐd “tudeﾐtsげ Uﾐioﾐs
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
High quality governance will only come about if Governing Councils/Senates and
Vice-Chancellors perform their roles with skill and efficiency. The distinction between
governance and management clearly established. The leadership and reporting
responsibilities of the Vice Chancellor be well-defined. Committee system
arrangements and delegated authorities regularly reviewed and amended. It is
therefore recommended that Governing Council:
a. Establishes a clear vision and goals for the university.
b. Ensures that university planning and implementation is consonant with those
goals.
c. Distinguishes between its governance role and the responsibilities of
management.
d. Maintains appropriate conventions and relationships with Senate and
Management.
e. Establishes the leadership, management and accountability responsibilities of
the Vice Chancellor.
f. Unequivocally supports management staff as they implement Council policies
and decisions.
g. Regularly reviews the responsibilities and efficiency of functioning of the
committee system.
h. Annually reviews and amends formal financial, personnel and other delegations
of responsibilities.
i. Reviews and reports publicly on its own performance, efficiency and
effectiveness.
University statutes to be reviewed
Streamline the functions of Council
Committees to be in tune with
needs/challenges of universities
Ensure that universities are, at no time, allowed to remain without a Governing
Council in place and that Council members are appointed base on merit (chosen
based on their track records of credibility, integrity, reach, competence, patriotism,
and commitment to education and development) and they are allowed to live their
tenure as provided by the law.
Provisions of statutes in respect of
tenure of Governing Councils be
respected.
Objective criterion be put in place for
appointment of Council members
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Statutes of universities be amended to outline the duties and responsibilities of
governing councils and their members.
Draft review to be prepared and sent to
NASS
Government shall set both upper and lower bounds on number of meetings of
governing councils and their committees per annum to make them both effective
and less expensive.
Policy statement
As much as possible, Council shall ensure that all appointments in the university are
need-based and done in accordance with the provision of the relevant laws and
without resort to any regiono-tribal sentiments.
Councils shall pursue the attainment of the NUC benchmark on Academic/Support
Staff ratio in order to refocus university spending on actual university business.
Commence recruitment of more academic
staff to make up for the short-fall
Unless on exceptional circumstances, to be defined by the Senate itself,
administrative approval on behalf of Senate be stopped. All businesses of Senate
shall be handled by Senate.
The statutes of universities need to be reviewed to modify the composition of
Senate if it is to be efficient and effective. It is proposed that the composition be
modified to include: the Vice Chancellor as Chairman, the Deputy Vice Chancellors,
all Deans of Faculties, all Academic Directors, all Heads of Departments whose
departments awards degrees (departments in faculties like Law, Medicine, Pharmacy
etc that contribute to one degree shall be represented by the Dean of the Faculty),
three Professors to be elected by the Faculty Board of each Faculty (no two of which
shall belong to the same department), and the Registrar as Secretary.
Draft review to be prepared and sent to
NASS
No staff without terminal degree shall be a member of Senate of any university. Review university calendars, condition of
service and statute
The statutes of universities shall be reviewed to make the meeting of Congregation
mandatory at least once every session.
Draft review to be prepared and sent to
NASS
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
The statutes of universities shall be reviewed to make the Annual Convocation
Ceremony equivalent to Convocation meeting.
Draft review to be prepared and sent to
NASS
It is recommended that the Vice chancellors:
a. Shall have well-defined responsibilities
b. Shall offer a leadership system providing direction, commitment, consistency of
purpose, integrity and performance assessment
c. Be Selfless: takes decision at all time in the best interest of the university. Not to
do so in order to gain financial or other material benefits for themselves, their
family, or their friends.
d. Be a person of integrity: not to place themselves under any financial or other
obligation to outside individuals or organisations that might influence them in the
performance of their official duties.
e. Be Objective: in carrying out university business, including making
appointments, awarding contracts, or recommending individuals for rewards and
benefits, VCs should be guided by merit.
f. Be Accountable: VCs are accountable for their decisions and actions to Council.
g. Be Open: be as open as possible about the decisions and actions they take with
reasons and justifications.
h. Be Honest: VCs have a duty to declare any private interests relating to their
public duties and to take step to resolve any conflicts arising in a way that protects
the university interest.
Council to articulate and enumerate the
responsibilities of the VC
All non-establishment positions created by some vice chancellors (like PAs, SAs, FCs,
BGs, etc) be banned in the university system.
Policy statement. Council ensures
compliance
Governing Councils in conjunction with Senate shall define the responsibilities of the
DVCs and minimum qualification required for the appointment of Vice Chancellors be
extended to the appointment of DVCs.
Proposal shall emanate from Senate to
the Council via the Vice chancellor
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Management Information System Units of all university shall be tasked to automate the personnel and
students records and all such other records that may be required from time to time for the purpose of
planning.
Develop information
engines for staff and
students record
All staff in the university shall be made to attend staff induction training at least every five years. Training modules be
developed and deployed
Abandoned projects shall be completed (or continued with) before new ones are started by incoming
Vice Chancellors
Be made standing Council
decision
For University Management, efficiency depends upon the degree to which management arrangements
are linked to uﾐi┗eヴsit┞げs aspirations and how systemic and transparent the decision pathways are, and
how well they work. It is recommended that:
a. Comprehensive financial, personnel and other delegations and policies be reviewed by university
management annually.
b. Roles of committees and individual managers be distinguished and duplications and gaps in
responsibilities be avoided.
c. Effective system of public notification and together with effective advice of duties and support for
staff members taking up new responsibilities (including membership of committees) be put in place.
d. Staff roles and responsibilities be documented.
Explicit individual staff and students codes of obligations and rights be developed and advertised.
e. Regular individual target setting and performance reviews linked to promotions and rewards.
f. Charters and service standards for all service units be developed and publicised.
g. As much as possible, university managers shall continue to reach-out to staff union with a view to
sustaining and/or establishing cordial working relation with them for the sake of the institutions.
h. Unions shall, at all times, be implored to explore dialogue and diplomatic avenues in pressing for
their demands. While councils and managements of universities shall, at all times, provide the
avenues and create the conditions that would make dialogue with unions possible and successful.
Operational manual for
committees and heads of
units be developed and
periodically updated
University managers and
union leaders be reaching
out to either party.
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
All structures meant to facilitate the provision of academic leadership like the Committee
of Deans and Directors, Academic Staff Development Committee, Academic Development
Committee, University Research Board, Interdisciplinary Research Centres, Quality
Assurance Unit (Teaching and Research), shall be put in place and be made to function
effectively and unhindered.
These structures shall be manned
with the right calibre of personnel
to get results
As much as possible, inbreeding shall be discouraged in the university system and
deliberate mentoring policy be introduced in all universities.
Staff &students exchanges.
Scholarship & Studentship
Governing Councils shall balance between democratization of positions of academic
responsibilities and the constraints of providing academic leadership.
Council shall note that the higher the proportion of the total annual budget of the
university that can be spent on the core functions of teaching and research the better the
university is pursuing its mission. Council therefore
a. Shall continually monitor and review the teaching/research expenditure ratio,
demonstrating the steps that have been taken to maximise resources allocated to
teaching and research.
b. Ensure that for administrative costs (central) the ratio should be at the lower
end of the scale, in the range of 9 to 10 per cent of the operating fund of the
university.
c. Ensure that the overall administrative costs, that is, the proportion of the overall
university budget taken up by administrative costs, including the cost of any out-
sourced functions (e.g. Cleaning & security), that is central administration plus the
administrative costs within units with devolved responsibilities, should not exceed
18 – 20 per cent.
Minimize administrative and
overhead costs of running the
universities.
Prioritize academic and research
activities over non-teaching
expenditure
Penalties be introduced for managers that failed to access and properly utilise their
uﾐi┗eヴsitiesげ allocation of TETFund subventions for research, staff development
(scholarships), conference attendance, publications, etc.
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Government needs to empower and re-strengthen the National Universities
Commission to enforce all accreditation criteria and ensure objectivity and
patriotism in the conduct of the exercise. In this regards, credible scholars and
university managers with track records of discipline, quality scholarship, respect of
law and laid down procedures, seasoned professionals from the relevant
professional bodies, and committed to building a strong university system for the
country shall be involved in the exercise. Universities that lied, forged their
records, hire equipment or hire mercenary staff just for accreditation purposes
shall be closed down for a minimum of five years.
Policy statement. Review of
accreditation processes
A technical committee be set up by Government to critically examine these
recommendations with a view to drawing policies for higher education provision
in the country
Quality statesmen/women to be
selected
Staff evaluation by students shall be introduced in all universities as means of
obtaining feedbacks.
Students feedback template to be
proposed
All relevant anti-plagiarism software shall be procured and deployed by all
universities with a view to improving quality of teaching, research and
publications.
Off-the-shelf anti-plagiarism packages be
introduced in all universities
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Government shall consider the provision of quality infrastructure for teaching and
learning in all universities as a national emergency.
Policy prioritization in respect of
implementation of Needs Assessment
recommendation
All ongoing physical facilities development in the Univ. System shall be completed
within the stipulated time and be put to use.
Funds made available. Supervision to
ensure compliance with project timeline
All abandoned projects in the university shall be completed as a matter of priority. Technical Committee of experts be set to
determine the cost
University facilities shall be conceived and built as role-models in quality, utility
and aesthetics so as to reflect these values on university students in their training
and also to build their confidence based on the nature of the environment they
are being trained
Imbue the provisions of international best
practices and comply with standards.
Refectories, sporting arenas, convocation squares etc that are converted into
けleItuヴe hallsげ shall He ヴe┗eヴted HaIk to theiヴ oヴigiﾐal iﾐteﾐded puヴpose. A university student that is supposed to be trained in decent lecture rooms and
laboratories should not be put in a kitchen or an open-air sport arena or be
peeping through the window in the name of lectures. These demoralise and
humiliate the student. The result is a university graduate without self-worth.
Teaching be restricted to facilities meant
for that purpose.
More facilities for teaching and learning
be provided.
Regulatory agencies to ensure
compliance.
Large lecture theatres shall be discouraged. Universities should be
encouraged/directed to adopt the interactive pedagogy which requires students
to be taught in small groups. Consequently, 150-300 seat capacity theatre shall be
promoted and classrooms of 50-150 seats capacity shall be encouraged
All new lecture facilities development to
be made compliant with interactive
pedagogy
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Government shall allocate appropriate resources to fund the construction
of lecture theatres, lecture rooms, laboratories, workshops, etc as
recommended in the individual university reports.
Technical Committee of experts to be set up by
Government to determine the cost of providing
the facilities as recommended in the individual
universities report
There is an urgent need to establish 6 National laboratories fully equipped
with state-of-the-art facilities for cutting-edge scientific research in the
country
Universities shall step up efforts to attract endowments and bequeaths
that would support the provision of physical facilities for teaching and
learning
Relevant university committees to be set up.
Universities to reach-out to private sector,
donor agencies and philanthropist.
All physical facilities that need renovation and/or repair shall be given all
necessary attention so as to make effective use of them.
Technical Committee of experts to be set up by
Government to determine the cost of
renovating/repairing the facilities as
recommended in the individual universities
report
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Government and all stakeholders in the university system shall, as a matter of
urgency consider the provision of general learning resources as an
emergency as well as important priority.
Policy prioritization in respect of
implementation of Needs Assessment
recommendation
Libraries in all university shall be automated and subscribed to all major
knowledge gateways. Physical collections of books/periodicals need to be
updated periodically (every semester) to ensure the currency of the literature
being used to train the students.
Governing Council to ensure that Universities
deploy their Library Funds more judiciously.
Regulatory agencies to make automation a
precondition for licence/accreditation
Computing facilities and services shall be made available to students and
staff in all universities. Internet services shall, as a matter of utmost
importance, be made accessible to all staff and students in all universities.
Funding agencies shall assist in the provision of learning centres equipped
with workstations to support students learning experiences.
Broadband service to be provided to
universities.
Computer clusters and helpdesks be provided in
Faculties/Schools.
To promote interactive pedagogy, white boards, video projectors, Public
Address System and interactive boards shall be deployed in lecture venues of
all Nigerian universities.
Bulk procurement of basic learning resources .
Most classes and laboratories are either shabbily furnished or crammed with
broken and dilapidated chairs and stools. Universities shall provide decent
ergonomic furnishing in libraries, lecture halls/theatres, classrooms and
laboratories.
Identifying, repairing and/or replacing broken
furniture.
Furnishing of all subsequent facilities to comply
with standards
Electro-mechanical ventilators, fans and air-conditioning systems shall be put
in all learning facilities and be properly maintained.
Identification and installation in all affected
facilities
An international conference centre shall be provided in all universities and be
equipped with state-of-the-art conference facilities including video
conferencing, multi-lingual PAS, internet service etc
Technical committee of experts to determine
the design and costing.
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LEARNING RESOURCES: Laboratory Consumables
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Government shall collaborate with the private sector in establishing
companies that produce laboratory reagents/consumables to ease the
access to, and supply of these consumables to the education sub-sector.
Feasibility study to be conducted.
Relevant contacts to be made.
Lab consumables factories be rolled on
In the intervening period, universities shall be allowed to be making
direct purchase of consumables from manufacturers instead of going
through contractor/vendors that compromise the quality and standards
of such supplies.
Adjustment of Public Procurement Act to permit
direct purchase of lab consumables
Reagents/Consumables needed by individual universities, as listed in
their reports, shall be procured.
Bulk procurement of reagents and other
consumables
‘egulatoヴ┞ ageﾐIies shall saﾐItioﾐ aﾐ┞ uﾐi┗eヴsit┞ that ヴuﾐs けdヴ┞ laHげ iﾐ the training of its science-based students.
Snap supervision visits in-between accreditation
exercises be conducted
Universities shall be made to develop detail guidelines on inventory
taking, laboratory consumables usage, hazard control in laboratories,
and code of ethics in experimentation.
Relevant committees be tasked to develop
guidelines
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LEARNING RESOURCES: Special Equipment
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
All equipment that are identified to be serviceable shall be serviced
immediately
Equipment Maintenance Units to be tasked to
evaluate & present for funding
Equipment/machines needed by the universities but not available shall be
procured.
Technical Committee to determine the costing
No purchase of equipment shall be made without accompanying the
training component for the usage and management of the
machine/equipment
Procurement Committees to incorporate this
requirement into tendering process
As much as permitted by the law, universities shall be allowed to be
making direct order of equipment/machine from manufacturers.
Adjustment of Public Procurement Act to permit
direct purchase of lab consumables
Manufacturers of training equipment/machines shall be invited and
encouraged to establish branches in Nigeria
Manufacturers be indentified and contacted.
Appropriate environ and incentives be offered
Comprehensive guidelines and code of practice for equipment use shall be
developed by all universities
Relevant committees be tasked to develop
guidelines
All universities shall have a central laboratory with customised facilities for
special equipment so as to ensure their safety, control their usage, and be
routinely maintained.
Technical Committee to determine the costing
Universities shall establish a network for sharing information about
available resources/equipment so as to ensure optimal utilization as well
as cross-institutional exchange of knowledge and skills.
Appropriate platforms be created such us university
expo, students/staff exchange programs,
professional online fora, etc.
Some equipment/machine may be used by universities to generate
additional income
Set up relevant committees
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STAFFING: TEACHING STAFF
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Given the inadequacy of teaching staff in the university system, it is
recommended that government shall have a deliberate policy of improving the
national ratio to 1:20 within the next two years. Using the present figures of
student enrolment, this translates to increasing the number of academic staff in
Nigerian universities from the current 28,000 to 50,000. To do this, government
and other stakeholders need to: Ensure the creation and sustenance of conducive environment of teaching
and learning. Ensure the establishment of competitive conditions of service not just to
retain the existing academics but also to attract variety of international
sIholaヴs iﾐto Nigeヴiaげs uﾐi┗eヴsit┞ s┞steﾏ Put in place a massive and sustainable staff development programme to get
all university academics acquire the doctorate degrees Ensure that more female academics are recruited into the university service Ensure that the benchmark on staff mix (especially based on rank) is
complied with
Recurrent allocation to universities be
improved to create the window for more
recruitment of academics Conditions of service be made
competitive and attractive Provide additional funds for staff
development purse linkages and collaborations put in place objective promotion criteria pay serious attention to full-time staff
quality, quantity and mix as preconditions
for accreditation of programmes
To ensure that all university academics have the minimum qualification to teach in
the university, government shall direct the appropriate regulatory agencies to
issue a moratorium of Five (5) years within which all teaching staff in the
university system should acquire a doctorate degree. During the moratorium, all
new employments into academic position must meet the academic requirement
(i.e. completed PhD or pursuing one).
University conditions of service; and
appointment & promotions guidelines
shall be reviewed to reflect this
requirement.
Circulars shall be sent to all universities in
respect of this
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
University managers should pursue the endowment of Chairs by private
organizations and philanthropists with a view to improving the quality and mix of
their staff.
Relevant committees to identify and reach
out to prospective donors
University with very poor staffing situation and unacceptable staff mix should
also be given a moratorium of Six years within which massive recruitment must
be made with a view to meeting the minimum number and benchmarked mix of
teaching staff. If after Six years the staffing need is not satisfied, such universities
should be denied accreditation and be stopped from admitting new students.
Recurrent allocation to universities be
improved to create the window for more
recruitment of academics Conditions of service be made competitive
and attractive Provide additional funds for staff
developmentput in place objective promotion criteria
Government should also target the production of academics in key priority areas
as defined by the national policy on high-level manpower development.
Avail all universities with the policy
document. Set different targets to different
universities
In order to bolster the research profile and improve the standing of Nigerian
university academics, there is the need for massive and sustained funding of
cutting edge research, especially in priority areas. To do this, a national research
fund (resident at TETFund) shall be established. This fund shall have clear, well-
publicised guidelines and timelines for access and utilization.
TETFund be tasked to come up with detail
proposal in respect of research funding and
the setting up of NRF.
There shall be in place, some appropriate penalty for any defaulting university
that failed to access its staff development subvention (and all other
interventions) from the TETFund.
TETFund to propose measures based on
experiences and patterns of accesses
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Visiting lectureship should be regulated. Every tenure-track academic
seeking to work as a visiting lecturer to another university must obtain
a written approval from his/her employer through the Senate. The
visited university should not accept any visiting lecturer without the
evidence of permission from his/her University Senate. University shall
restrict the number of universities (to a maximum of two within a
radius of 200km) that an academic can work as part-time or visiting
lecturer simultaneously.
Senior staff regulations and conditions of
service be reviewed appropriately to reflect this
provision.
Regulatory agencies to ensure compliance of
receiving universities
Recognising that all teaching staff are responsible for doing their part by
upholding the highest standards of competence and character,
government shall direct the relevant regulatory agencies to request all
universities in the country to codify the Ethics Policy for Academic Staff.
This policy shall cover such areas as: teaching & research, mentoring &
relating to students, integrity & excellence, relating with colleagues &
community, compliance with the law, use of university resources,
harassment & discrimination, conflict of interest, intellectual property
rights, etc.
Relevant committee be set up for the
codification of ethics policy.
Policy be made available to all academics
Be publicised in university publications and
websites
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STAFFING: NON - TEACHING
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
For Nigerian universities to be effectively managed, misplacement of
priorities and unnecessary personnel cost need to be stopped. The limited
budgetary allocation to universities must be deployed frugally for optimal
results. Consequently, it is recommended to government to order for an
immediate embargo on the recruitment of non-teaching staff in all Nigerian
universities. While the embargo lasts,
Policy statement in respect of hiring of non-
teaching staff
Government shall order for a comprehensive staff audit (general – teaching
and non-teaching) in all universities. This audit exercise shall among other
things Determine whether all the staff on the university payroll are actually on
the ground and in active service.Whether all the staff possess the relevant qualifications needed to serve
in the capacity they are currently serving.Whether their schedules of duty are explicitly defined and properly
streamlined.Whether the university is getting value for the money being expended on
the staff.
Governing Councils to set up high-powered
committee to conduct the audit exercise, after
NUC most have given the Establishment
positions in universities and in line with NNMS
Having the support staff to out-number the main staff is a complete
misnomer in the university. This is partly because many universities failed to
implement the out-sourcing policy arising from the monetisation circular of
government and partly because there is inadequate number of teaching staff
in many universities. It is therefore recommended to government to enforce
the out-sourcing policy in all universities within a span of two financial years.
Defaulting universities should be appropriately reprimanded.
Policy implementation. Proper supervision and
sanctioning
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Arising from the staff audit report, government should direct all universities to
develop a detailed and transparent criteria for staff recruitment that is based
on university needs, appliIaﾐtsげ competence and such other government
regulations as defined in the public service rules and regulations.
Policy statement in respect of hiring of non-
teaching staff
There is a very urgent need to halt the very fast artificial growth of Registry
and Bursary departments of Nigerian universities. To this effect, it is
recommended to government to direct all university governing councils to
constitute a high-powered committee for the reorganization of these
departments with a view to making them leaner, more professional and more
effective.
Governing Councils to set up high-powered
committee to conduct the reorganization
exercise
All the non-establishment positions in the offices of vice chancellors of many
universities shall be scrapped forthwith. The positions of special advisers,
special assistants, bodyguards, special consultants, etc that are creeping into
the university system are no more additional conduit of mismanaging
university resources. These positions also have the potential of upsetting the
balance of hierarchy and professionalism in the non-teaching cadre of the
universities. Vice chancellors shall be directed to desist from making any
official employment outside the existing establishment positions in the
university
Policy statement directing Governing councils
to scrap non-establishment positions. Proper
supervision and sanctioning to ensure full
compliance
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Arising from the staff auditing process, qualified non-teaching staff should be
going through periodic retraining through internal and external workshops,
seminars and such other courses as their callings deem appropriate.
Staff training scheme be put in place. Funds be
allocated to sponsor qualified non-teaching
staff for relevant refresher courses
No university shall invest staff development fund in training non-teaching staff
foヴ PhD pヴogヴaﾏﾏes. Tヴaiﾐiﾐg foヴ ﾏasteヴsげ pヴogヴaﾏﾏes shall He stヴiItl┞ Hased of the university needs and the professional callings of the affected staff.
Relevant committees (CDD and/or POs) to
ensure compliance. Conditions of service be
reviewed.
Non-teaching staff that are due for retirement should be allowed to retire and
leave the university service. Government shall request the governing councils
to direct the management of the universities to stop hiring non-teaching staff
on casual, part-time, or contract basis.
Policy statement directing Governing Councils.
For government, and other funding agencies to concentrate on the business of
supporting teaching, learning and research; and for and the university
managers to concentrate on pursuing the mission, vision and core values of
their institution, it is recommended to government to study the feasibility and
viability of converting all non-teaching staff in Nigerian universities into the
staff of Federal or State Ministry of Education (as the case may be). If this is
done, governments and funding agencies know for certain every investment
would go into the main mandate of the university. Administrative spending and
personnel cost would only be restricted to academic matters. Universities
would have more resources, more time, and more attention to research,
learning, and teaching. And government would have full control over the
increasing growth of the population of non-teaching staff in the universities.
NUC to work out the modalities
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Government needs to pursue a deliberate policy of expanding access to
university education. A situation where the total enrolment in 61
universities in the country is only 4 times the enrolment of a single
university in Latin America (for example) clearly explains the Nigeヴiaげsuniversity enrolment dilemma. A situation where universities are only able
to offer places to less than 10% of their prospective applicants each year
also buttressed this dilemma. In expanding access, government shall take
cognisance of the following:
a. the need to target quadrupling university enrolment in the next three
years – 2013 to 2015 (doubling the enrolment in the first two years and
doubling again in the third year).
b. the necessity of upgrading existing infrastructure and providing all the
requisite facilities needed to drive modern teaching and learning.
c. the necessity of providing additional infrastructure and employing
new Academics to cater for the expansion needs.
d. the need to streamline university programmes to be in tandem with
national policy on high-level manpower development.
e. the need to have a robust and viable private sector that would
compete with government in hiring the services of graduates
Technical committee of experts to provide the
costing of upgrading existing facilities and
developing new ones as recommended in the
individual university reports.
Review of university admission quotas
STUDENTS’ ENROLLMENT & AFFILIATIONS
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
In order to drive national development, universities should be producing skill-full and
qualitative graduates that would not only lead in innovation, creativity, and discoveries,
but also compete favourably with their counterparts globally. In doing this, government
policy on high-level manpower development needs to be reviewed with a view to allotting
special attention to the training of, and the provision of technical experts in Information &
Communication Technology, high-tech engineering, medical sciences, agricultural
sciences, and natural sciences etc. Consequently, it is suggested that government need to:
a. Promote and enforce the policy of 60:40 Science/Art ratio in all universities. Science
in this context means all science-based courses while art means all arts/humanities-
based courses.
b. Strengthen the capacity of all quality assurance agencies in the education sector
(e.g. NUC) and make them more dispassionate and scrupulous in the discharge of their
responsibilities (especially as they relate to the accreditation of programmes and
facilities).
c. Set targets to the universities in respect of meeting the quantum and quality of
graduates and professionals needed by the country. This target should include, but not
limited to, producing graduates that are job-creators rather than job-seekers
Inter-ministerial committee be put
in place to review the manpower
development policy of the country.
The process of accreditation
exercise shall be
reviewed/strengthened and quality
scholars, professionals in practice,
and education administrators shall
always form the core of the
resource persons to conduct the
exercise
Govt. to review the laws
establishing the relevant
professional bodies
Introduce feedback mechanisms
Looking at the percentage of postgraduate PhD students in the country, it is fair to
conclude that succession plan in the higher education system in the country is weak.
Universities should expand their postgraduate programmes as well as make them
attractive to international students. In doing this, universities
a. Should be allowed to charge internationally competitive fees for all postgraduate
courses.
b. Should endeavour to adopt the international best practices in research and
supervision at graduate level.
c. Should participate in international collaborations, linkages and professional networks
d. Should target having at least 25% of their enrolment to be graduate students
Senate of individual universities be
tasked with the responsibility of
coming up with blueprint
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
The policy of 60:40 Science : Arts ratio shall be extended to Postgraduate
enrolment. This shall be started with 1st generation universities before it is
generalized. The 1st generation universities shall also be made to admit more
postgraduate students than undergraduates.
Policy statement
Government needs to instruct universities to be organising career guidance
visits to senior secondary schools and high schools with a view to informing
the pupils and raising their awareness about science-based programmes.
Career guidance unit/department to develop
visits calendar and programmes
Gi┗eﾐ the faIt that o┗eヴ 30% of total studeﾐtsげ populatioﾐ iﾐ the Iouﾐtヴ┞ is provided by only 9 Universities while the remaining 63 provides 70%, it can
easily be inferred that universities in Nigeria need to expand access and
provide more places for the teaming Nigerian youth. Consequently, it is
recommended to Government to put and embargo/freeze into the
establishment of new universities while concentrated efforts are being put to
consolidate the existing ones. This embargo shall be for a period of 10 years.
While the embargo lasts, existing universities shall not open any new
campuses but rather concentrate in developing the existing ones.
Policy statement
While the expansion of access to university education is going on,
universities that admit students beyond their approved carrying capacities
should be sanctioned. This is necessary given the attendant implication of
over-enrolment of students to the facilities and to the quality of services
(including teaching and learning). This translates into poor quality of the
graduates that such universities produced.
Regulatory agencies to be more proactive and
creative in monitoring enrolment and ensuring
compliance with carrying capacities
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
The ban by the NUC on universities to stop running diploma programmes at sub-
degree level should be enforced.
This requirement shall be incorporated into
accreditation requirements
Polytechnics and colleges of education shall also concentrate on the training and
provision of middle-level manpower through ND, HND and NCE courses that they
are established to do, while high-level manpower training shall be left to the
universities. In this regard, a program for ending the training of undergraduates in
colleges of education and polytechnics shall be put in place by the regulatory
agencies in conjunction with the affected institutions.
Policy statement by government.
Enforcement by relevant agencies
While this program is being worked out, government shall (through its regulatory
agency) ensure a comprehensive, fair, and transparent system of accreditation of
all non-university degree-training colleges/institutions in sync with the university
accreditation template. The universities should develop, maintain or review
current internal quality management systems so that they make full use of the
competencies of stakeholders and take full responsibility for delivering
qualifications comparable in standard to those in the main university
Regulatory agencies to be more
dispassionate and professional in
conducting accreditation exercise.
University affiliation committees to ensure
comparable qualities
The regulatory agency shall provide accurate, reliable and easily accessible
information on the criteria and standards for accreditation and subsequent
affiliation.
Make info accessible to all stakeholders
(publications, web-postings, etc)
Universities shall also provide accurate, reliable and easily accessible information
on the criteria and procedures of external and internal quality assurance
measures.
Make info accessible to all stakeholders
(publications, web-postings, etc)
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Universities shall ensure that programmes delivered in their name in affiliate
institutions/colleges are of comparable quality with those in the university.
Commitment to this effect be made public.
Strengthen the affiliation conditions,
establish effective monitoring and
feedback process.
Universities that are running invisible affiliations (unknown to the NUC) shall be
asked to stop forthwith.
Policy statement by government.
Enforcement by relevant agencies
Universities shall recognise that quality teaching and research is made possible
by the quality of Academics and the quality of their working conditions that
foster independent and critical enquiry. It is therefore imperative to ensure that
academics teaching in affiliate institutions/colleges are up to the mettle.
Strengthen the affiliation conditions,
establish effective monitoring and
feedback process.
University affiliation committees to ensure
comparable qualities
Universities need to ensure the transparency of the financial status of the
institutions and/or educational programme being affiliated
Access to information on registration
charges and annual financial report of
affiliate institutions.
Universities should share good practices by participating in sector organizations
and inter-institutional networks at national and international level.
Establishing linkages an collaborations
The regulatory agencies shall develop, publicise and enforce clear regulations and
minimum benchmarks for the provision of part-time and distance learning degree
programmes. In doing this, a balance needs to be struck between
commercialization of these programmes and the attendant consequences on
standards and the implications on regular degree courses offered in the
universities (e.g. staff productivity etc).
NNMs and such other documents need to
be reviewed
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
The number of study centres for the Open University shall be streamlined in
aIIoヴdaﾐIe ┘ith the uﾐi┗eヴsit┞げs staffiﾐg situatioﾐ aﾐd Hased oﾐ the a┗ailaHle infrastructure. There shall be a freeze on new study centre and deliberate efforts
be made to upgrade the streamlined centres. (e.g.
http://www8.open.ac.uk/about/main/the-ou-explained/facts-and-figures ).
Government policy statement. Regulatory
agency to ensure compliance
ON-CAMPUS ACCOMMODATION
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
There is a very urgent need for all residential universities to have sufficient
hostel faIilities that Iaﾐ Iaヴヴ┞ at least 50% of theiヴ studeﾐtsげ populatioﾐ. Iﾐ meeting this demand,
Technical committee of experts to come up with
design and costing
A low-interest facility shall be guaranteed by Government and be made
available to all universities to build at least 2000-rooms capacity students
hostel, in the first instance.
Quantum to be determined by enrolment and
projections.
CBN.
Universities must do away with the policy of charging N90.00 per bed-space.
This rate is not only very unrealistic but is also largely responsible for the
sorry-state of most university hostels.
Students Union shall be carried along in the
review of cost of accommodation
Universities shall be empowered to engage the services of private developers
in the provision and management of hostels accommodation on a joint-
venture terms. In this regard, a decent, affordable commercial rate shall be
charged depending on location and market values.
Impediments to PPP be removed.
Special hostel grant be allocated to all
universities for the take off of the partnership
iv. Beside bed-space charges, universities shall be advised to charge between
N10,000.00 – N20,000.00 as hostel maintenance fees. This fees shall be kept
in dedicated hostel maintenance account and be used for routine
maintenance and servicing of hostel facilities.
Policy review.
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
All abandoned hostel projects shall be taken-over by government and be
completed on PPP basis.
Technical committee of experts to come up with
costing
Depending on room size, universities shall be instructed to be allocating
between 2 to 4 occupants per room. Universities with dormitories shall be
instructed to convert the dormitories in to rooms.
Room charges and available services be
adjusted commensurately. Regulatory agencies
together with students unions to ensure
compliance.
Universities shall be instructed to enforce the no-squatting policy in all hostels
and mete appropriate sanction to violators (i.e. the squatters and their
hosts/hostesses)
Students handbooks be updated to include the
no-squatting policy
Existing university-owned hostels shall be renovated and upgraded. In doing
this, special attention should be given to lavatories, laundries and common
rooms. After the upgrade, the management of these hostels shall be ceded to
private managers or to university consultancy services to be operated as both
service and business.
Technical committee of experts to determine
the cost of renovation and upgrade.
Appropriate university organ (e.g. student
affairs) be tasked to initiate discussion with
partners
All laundries and common rooms that have been converted into hostel rooms
shall be recovered and returned to the purposes they are intended for.
Students living in such facilities be relocated
Motorised boreholes shall be drilled in all halls of residence and be reticulated
to serve all floors of the halls. These boreholes shall be equipped with
overhead tanks, pumping machine and solar-powered generators to ensure
their effectiveness.
Technical committee of experts to determine
the cost of providing and motorising the
boreholes
Sound-proof generators shall be provided for each cluster of halls to ensure
decent power supply at night.
Technical committee of experts to determine
the cost of providing and motorising the
boreholes
Universities that are experimenting competition with private developers in the
provision of hostel accommodation shall be encouraged to continue.
More competition should be introduced
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Given the importance of universities to national development, government shall get the
appropriate power agency to put all Nigerian universities on 33kVA line and be accorded
priority consideration during distribution. By so doing, universities will not only be more
productive but also save what would have been expended on fuelling and generator
maintenance.
Ministry of power to be requested
to accord universities appropriate
priority
Universities shall introduce proper regulation of generator use by the members of the
community. This regulation shall provide guidelines on the types of generators permissible
within the university, the areas where generators can be installed and operated, the times
when generators can be operated in those areas, and the maintenance responsibilities of
the generators users.
Appropriate university organ/unit
be tasked with the responsibility
of proposing such guidelines
Rather than using large standby generators, universities shall be advised to use generators
that are sealed, sound-proof, and medium-sized distributed amongst different buildings on
shared management. For instance, all the halls in the students hostels can be grouped into
clusters that can be powered by 100-200kVA generators, academic buildings can also be
grouped in similar fashion (with laboratories having separate groupings etc).
Universities to conduct
appropriate studies on how best
to distribute standbys so as to
reduce cost and optimize power-
hours
Inverters shall be used to back-up critical ICT infrastructures, specialized Laboratory
equipment, and to provide illumination in Libraries.
Procure inverters and batteries
All universities shall be assisted by government to deploy Solar power to provide external
illuminations, street lighting, and to power (boost) water supply from the motorized
boreholes.
Technical experts to determine
cost and advise
In order to save energy and reduce waste, electricity usage manual shall be developed and
promoted amongst staff and students. Universities need to deliberately encourage and use
energy-saving appliances and tools (including light bulbs).
A committee be tasked to come
up with proposed manual
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Universities shall aspire to have independent power supply. In this regards, university
managers shall be advised to be making compulsory saving of between 10-20% of their
IGR in dedicated power account to be used for independent power project.
Appropriate university committee
put in place. Governing Councils
to ensure savings from IGR in
dedicated power account
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Street Lighting and Illumination
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
All universities shall be made to, as a matter of urgent priority, install street lights
along all roads, walk-┘a┞s, aﾐd e┝teヴioヴs of all Huildiﾐgs ふiﾐIludiﾐg studeﾐtsげ hostelsぶ.Procure all the materials needed to
provide adequate illumination
Solar power and/or dedicated generators shall be used to power these street lights
throughout the nights.
Procure solar panels and generators
Power intervention grant shall be made available to universities based on size,
number of campuses, population of on-campus students, and size of IGR.
Make the grant available
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Road Network
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
University works departments shall be up and doing in ensuring that all existing roads
are properly maintained, potholes and kerb-erosion are not allowed to deteriorate,
and shrubs are not allowed to grow on road shoulders.
Routine maintenance procedure to be
regularly serviced
All roads that have deteriorated as a result of erosion, age, misuse, or poor
maintenance should be rehabilitated. This rehabilitation shall include the provision of
drainages that are invisible and underground (covered with kerbs and ventilators) and
routinely maintained and flushed.
Technical Committee of Experts set up
by Government
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
All new roads shall be asphalted or interlocked and adorned with kerbs, street
lights and side-trees (including hedges and flowers).
University Procurement Committee, tenders
board and works department to update
requirements in subsequent road projects
Pedestrian walk-ways shall be fully interlocked or surface-dressed and/or
beautifully roofed, to connect adjoining buildings in all campuses.
University Procurement Committee, tenders
board and works department to update
requirements in subsequent road projects
All existing laterite-filled roads in Nigerian universities shall be surface-dressed
and/or asphalted.
Technical Committee of experts to determine
cost implication
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Water Supply
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Universities need to be creative and proactive in addressing water
shortages. In particular, universities need to group all existing buildings into
clusters of contiguous block and provide each cluster with its independent
motorised borehole that supplies the buildings in that cluster through a
restricted reticulation.
Works departments of universities to consider
clustering and segmentation of water
reticulation
All new building projects shall provide for water supply through borehole
(subject to availability of water table) and power supply through sound-
proofed generators.
University Procurement Committee, tenders
board and works department to update
requirements in subsequent road projects
“tudeﾐtsげ hostels shall ha┗e sepaヴate ﾏotoヴised Hoヴeholes ┘ith dediIated generators and efficient operators to ensure steady and uninterrupted
water supply.
Works departments of universities to consider
clustering and segmentation of water
reticulation
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
The university reticulation and other water infrastructure shall be
periodically serviced to ensure that blockades, breakages and/or other
malfunctions are identified and rectified with dispatch.
Works and/or maintenance departments to deploy
maintenance schedules as at when due. Supervision
and reporting system be improved
Universities shall take advantage of municipal water supplies, whenever
available to support its boreholes.
Connect to municipal water supply
Large water reservoirs (surface and overheads) shall be provided in every
hall of ヴesideﾐIe to ease the ┘ateヴ shoヴtages iﾐ studeﾐtsげ hostels.Technical Committee of experts to determine cost
implication
In order to reduce waste and control overflows, universities shall promote
the use of sensor-taps in hostels, homes and other university buildings
(especially in lavatories, laundries, bathrooms and kitchens).
Bulk procurement and fixing of sensor-taps
Universities shall devise some means of recycling used water for the
purpose of watering plants and creating green areas.
Adopt existing models of water harvesting and
recycling or design a new one
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Government shall encourage regulators of standards in the university
system to allocate some points (rewards) for good landscaping as part of
accreditation process.
Review accreditation process
University stabilization fund shall be used to support universities that are
being threatened by erosion or by desertification.
Allocate based on nature of threat and damages
caused
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: General Landscaping
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Parks and gardens shall be established in all universities with green
areas that are properly landscaped and regularly maintained.
Physical planning departments to design parks and
maintain them
Parks and gardens managers must be made to brace up for the
challenges of creating green areas and providing ornamental plants in
our university campuses.
Setting targets and proper supervision and reporting
All Parking Spaces shall be made some safe distance away from
lecture/laboratory facilities. They should be fully commercial and fully
secured. Vehicular access beyond parking lots should be restricted.
Physical planning departments to design parking spaces
and maintain them
Walk-ways shall be fully interlocked or surface-dressed and/or
beautifully roofed to connect all adjoining buildings.
Physical planning departments to design and maintain
them
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
All university health centres shall be upgraded to the level of primary
healthcare provider registered with appropriate HMO. Such upgrade
shall include, but not limited to, renovation of existing structures,
constructing new ones, re-equipping the clinics and recruiting
relevant and competent health personnel.
Government policy review (NHIS). Costing of upgrades
and provision of new facilities to be made committee of
experts. Funds to be provided by Government.
Pharmaceutical services shall be provided in the universities on
commercial basis, guided by extant regulations and manned by
qualified pharmacists.
Can be operated as part of university investment or as
fully privatized venture
University maintenance units (or sanitation units) must be made to
do their work properly. Refuse collection and refuse disposal must be
done on daily basis to avoid refuse glut. Cleaners and labourers must
be effectively supervised to ensure clean and hygienic environment.
Duty schedules and rosters be put in place and
supervised. Truant staff be disciplined appropriately
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: General Landscaping
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Refuse disposal trucks shall be purchased for all universities. Government to provide funds
There shall be properly reticulated underground sewage disposal system
in the universities.
Works department to coordinate
All mosquito breeding places should be routinely fumigated Procure sufficient fumigants. Sanitation Units
ensures fumigation
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
Staff clubs shall have attractive facilities to draw staff to cool off after a
hectic day. They should have kitchen facilities and services, bars and
pools, and such other entertainments.
Existing staff clubs shall be renovated while universities without one
shall be encouraged to construct one using public-private partnership
(PPP).
Can be operated as part of university investment or
as fully privatized venture
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Staff Club
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Gymnasia
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
All inoperable equipment in the gymnasia shall be repaired and/or
replaced. Other equipment that are needed in the gyms but not
available shall be procured.
Technical Committee to determine costing. Funding to
be provided by government
Universities without gymnasium shall be encouraged to build one that
is fully equipped, properly managed, regularly maintained and
commercially operated. Or get private developers to build one on PPP
terms.
Technical Committee to determine costing. Funding to
be provided by government
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
All universities without sporting facilities shall be supported to acquire
these facilities because of their importance to the wellbeing of students
and staff.
Costing to be done by technical committee, funds
to be provided by government
Courts and pitches shall be renovated and standardised. Universities with
inadequate sporting facilities shall be supported to have more.
Costing to be done by technical committee, funds
to be provided by government
Universities without facilities for indoor games shall be supported to
acquire these facilities.
Costing to be done by technical committee, funds
to be provided by government
As part of maintenance of sporting infrastructure, universities shall ensure
regular use of these facilities by both staff and students. In this regards,
periodic competition shall be conducted to keep the pitches and courts
alive.
University sports directorate to ensure utilization
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Sporting Facilities
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Studeﾐts’ Ceﾐtre
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
“tudeﾐtsげ Ieﾐtヴes shall He ヴeﾐo┗ated aﾐd upgヴaded iﾐ all uﾐi┗eヴsities. Universities shall be encouraged to assist students in sourcing for funding
assistance (from private sector) towards servicing and maintaining
studeﾐtsげ Ieﾐtヴe faIilities.
Costing and valuation. Sponsorship.
Advertising companies may be contacted to negotiate some promotion
agヴeeﾏeﾐt Het┘eeﾐ studeﾐtsげ Ieﾐtヴe ﾏaﾐageヴs aﾐd soﾏe fiヴﾏs oﾐ maintenance and service provision at the centre.
SUGs an Students affairs divisions to coordinate this
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
All campus markets shall be standardised. Universities should either get
private developers to construct standard malls with variety of shops,
including grocers, travel agencies, souvenir stores, business centres and
boutiques etc, leased on PPP basis or develop a prototype shop and
instruct all operators of businesses in the university to build the similar
structure.
University consultancy services or investment
companies to commence standardization
process.
All the shacks in the university markets shall be removed. Works department (university market
management etc) to relocate shacks .
Cafeterias and restaurants serving the diverse appetite of an international
community shall be fully commercial or part-owned by the varsity
University consultancy services or investment
companies to negotiate with restaurateurs.
Campus markets shall have managers with standard operating
procedures and documented regulations and registration for businesses.
Develop the operating procedures and rule and
regulations
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Campus Markets
MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES: Security
RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
More security personnel shall be hired by universities and periodic
training be conducted to make them more effective.
Proper screening, need-based recruitment
University stabilization fund shall be used to support large universities so
that they can wall-fence their campuses to reduce security challenges.
Cost estimation. Releasing funds
Proper equipment and tools needed to provide effective security services
shall be purchased for all universities.
Bulk procurement of general security and
surveillance equipment
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
The funding of any university shall remain, primarily, the responsibility of the proprietors of
the university.
University managers need to be creative in diversifying sources of revenue to the institutions:
establishing viable commercial ventures, marketing their consultancy services,
commercialization of accommodation, charging competitive fees for postgraduate studies,
converting innovations into commercial products, pursuing endowments and bequeaths etc.
Capital allocations to universities need to be released in full. The non-release of capital grant
contribute a lot in the build up of abandoned projects as well as having inadequate facilities.
Universities where proprietor failed to allocate and release at least N50,000.00 per student
per annum as capital grant shall get their licence withdrawn by the regulatory agencies.
Recurrent allocations to universities need to be beefed up to allow Varsities to recruit more
teaching staff. This is not without prejudice to the recommendations on general staff auditing
and transfer of non-teaching staff to mainstream civil service.
University managers need to be deploying the Uﾐi┗eヴsit┞げs IGR properly. Considering the
percentage IGR in relation to TETFund subventions, IGR projects shall be seen to be
competing favourably with TETFund projects in many universities. But this is not the case.
Accounting procedures of the universities shall be reviewed to ensure that Total Income
(including IGR) and Total Expenditure are reported to Council
FUNDING
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
University-based Unions/associations shall, at all times, be implored to explore dialogue and
diplomatic avenues in pressing for their demands.
Governing councils and management of universities shall, at all times, provide the avenues and
create the conditions that would make dialogue with unions possible and successful.
Unions/associations that declare industrial action must outline the dos and don’ts of such action.
For instance, no staff should take away the keys of any building(s) away, disrupt the work of others
(whether they belong to the same union/association or not) etc.
University managers shall be bold enough to ensure that (whenever necessary) industrial action is
restricted to withdrawal of service/labour alone.
As much as possible, university managers shall continue to reach out to staff unions/associations
with a view to sustaining and/or establishing cordial working relations with them for the collective
good of all stakeholders of the institutions.
University managers shall, at all times, respect the spirit and letter of the terms and conditions of
service of all cadres of staff, including the prompt payment of staff entitlements and other
remunerations. This would not only minimize industrial friction but also serve as motivation to staff
in the institutions.
Visitors to State universities shall be consulting the university laws and avoid breach of statutes. This
is one of the common causes of industrial dispute and is easily avoidable.
All unions/associations shall make available to their members and the university community their
code of ethics and disciplinary procedures.
University managers, proprietors and other stakeholders (including unions/associations) shall always
be proactive in nipping issue(s) that can cause industrial disharmony in the bud before they grow
out of proportion.
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
“tudeﾐtsげ Union shall be in place in all universities. The guidelines governing the conduct of union
elections and their constitutions of the associations need to be reviewed and harmonized not only to
ensure consistency with university rules and regulations but also to ensure transparency, prudence,
discipline and competence in the administration of these unions/associations/clubs/societies.
Governing Councils
Uﾐi┗eヴsities shall put iﾐ plaIe effeIti┗e ﾏeIhaﾐisﾏ to ヴegulate e┝teヴﾐal soliIitatioﾐs H┞ studeﾐtsげ assoIiatioﾐs. These けIheapげ ヴesouヴIes that the┞ aヴe ヴeIei┗iﾐg fヴoﾏ iﾐdi┗iduals/oヴgaﾐizatioﾐs e┝teヴﾐal to the uﾐi┗eヴsit┞ has ﾐo┘ HeIoﾏe a ﾏajoヴ souヴIe of attヴaItioﾐ to oヴgaﾐized studeﾐtsげ uﾐioﾐisﾏ aﾐd oﾐe of the ﾏaiﾐ Iauses of Iヴises aﾐd digヴessioﾐs iﾐ the studeﾐtsげ ﾏo┗eﾏeﾐts.
“tudeﾐtsげ Affairs divisions of all universities shall strengthen the registration procedures of
clubs/associations/clubs/societies with a view to ensuring accountability.
“tudeﾐtsげ Affairs divisions in all universities shall be made to set up a benchmark of useful activities
that every association must organize for its constituents per session as pre-condition for renewal of
registration.
Where student associations are found to be complicit in organizing wanton destruction of university
property, disciplinary process must be put in place to ensure that all perpetrators are brought to book.
In addition, such associations shall be de-registered and banned from the university.
Certain level of academic performance shall be pegged as the minimum requirement to qualify any
student to hold a position in any association in the university. This will go a long way in ensuring
competence and confidence among studeﾐtsげ leaders.
Uﾐi┗eヴsities shall pヴo┗ide deIeﾐt offiIe aIIoﾏﾏodatioﾐ to house the Ieﾐtヴal studeﾐtsげ Hod┞. Management
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RECOMMENDATIONS ACTION TO BE TAKEN
A technical committee of experts shall be set up to evaluate the financial implications of
remedying the identified deficiencies in physical facilities and learning resources with a view to
ensuring that resources are effectively and urgently deployed to address the issues.
Universities where proprietor failed to allocate and release at least N50,000.00 per student per
annum as capital grant shall get their licence withdrawn by the regulatory agencies.
In order to manage the delivery of education services effectively and ensure quality
supervision and efficient performance, it is recommended that the Federal Ministry of
Education be split into two independent ministries with delineated responsibilities: Ministry of
Higher Education and Manpower Development; and Ministry of Education. This
recommendation is premised on the fact that:
a. The Federal Ministry of Education, as presently constituted, is very big and unwieldy
which makes quality assurance, supervision and policy formulation difficult.
b. The Ministry has 27 parastatals, each of which is as big as some ministries in the country
c. One of the parastatals, the NUC, has over 100 universities to superintend over.
d. Some of the universities (e.g. ABU, UNN, UI etc) are much bigger than some Federal
ministries both in complexities and responsibilities.
e. Many countries with efficient educational system have adopted the two-tier ministries for
education (e.g. UK, Ghana, Pakistan, Malaysia, Canada etc)
f. Government, in the past, had cause to split some ministries for the purpose of improving
their effectiveness (e.g. Agriculture & Water Resources; Transport & Aviation; Works,
Housing & Environment; Power & Solid Minerals)
MISCELLANEOUS RECOMMENDATIONS
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We hope the results of this exercise will contribute in the rejuvenation of the
Nigerian University System and repositioning the System for
International competitiveness and national development.
THANK YOU
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