By:- Firoz QureshiDept. Psychiatric Nursing

NATIONAL EDUCATION

POLICY

INTRODUCTION The main objectives of educational policy are:i. To fulfil development requirements;ii. To create social integration and national unity. The task of nation-building would be difficult

without social and political stability.

kept various communities as separate and distinct entities

education system developed into FOUR segregated streams:

English Malay Chinese Tamil

each school had its own aims each school had its own syllabus content

COLONIAL EDUCATION POLICY

THE CHEESEMAN PLAN

British began to take steps to streamline the education system to promote communal unity.

The Cheeseman Plan proposed:1. Free places given to children attending vernacular

primary schools.2. English language used in all primary schools.3. Two types of secondary schools be established.4. Vocational education be implemented fully. Was not carried out as rejected by Federal

Legislative Council. Reason: no element of unity

TOWARDS THE CREATION OF A NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM

THE BARNES REPORT

In 1950, the British formed a committee under L.J. Barnes to look into the education system.

The Barnes Report suggested:i. Primary schools be made foundation of unity for

peopleii. Only national schools should exist in the countryiii. Malay language – main language of instructioniv. English language – second medium of instructionv. School-going age: 6-12 years oldvi. Pupils in primary schools enter English secondary

schoolsvii. Education be provided freeviii.Local government must bear part of school

expenses

THE FENN-WU REPORT

Non-Malays opposed to Barnes Report – particularly Chinese

Appointed two experts in Chinese education to study the problems

Dr W.P. Fenn Dr Wu Teh Yau

Suggestions: i. Chinese language be made third language

in school systemii. National type schools be continuediii. Education in Chinese schools should be

Malayan-oriented

THE 1952 EDUCATION ORDINANCE

Outcome of the integration of two earlier reports. Main details of the Ordinance are:i. Two types of school were recommended

a. Malay-medium schoolsb. English-medium schools

ii. Facilities prepared for the study of Chinese and Tamil

iii. Chinese and Tamil schools be excluded from the national education system

iv. English be taught from Standard 1 in Malay-medium schools

v. Malay to be taught from Standard 3 in English-medium schools

not implemented due to financial problems caused by economic recession

THE RAZAK STATEMENT 1956 Committee was formed to prepare a national

education system. Headed by Dato’ Abdul Razak Hussein. Proposal of the Razak Statement:i. Every child be given opportunity for educationii. should be only one education system – the National

Education Systemiii. Should be two types of school:

a. public schools using Malay as mediumb. public schools using English, Chinese or Tamil

iv. Malay and English to be compulsory in all schoolsv. Chinese and Tamil be taught if more than 15

students or if requested by parentsvi. Aid to be given to all schoolsvii. National secondary schools to be established

a. national secondary schoolsb. national type secondary schools

THE RAHMAN TALIB STATEMENT 1960 and EDUCATION ACT 1961

Was released in 1960 and its proposals were included in Education Act of 1961.

Details of the act are:i. Children in primary schools be given the

opportunity to further studies in secondary schoolsii. Education should be free iii. School-going age: 6 – 15 years oldiv. Fail to enter academic schools – should admit to

vocational schoolsv. Curriculum and examination should be coordinated

in both national and national-type schoolsvi. Malay as national language taught in all primary

schools, replacing English as medium of instruction

vii. Chinese and Tamil should be taught; should there be at least 15 pupils or parents request it

viii.Islamic knowledge should be taught; should there be at least 15 Muslim students

1961 – 1970Aimed at improving the level of education in the

rural regions through:widening opportunities for pupils to further their

education in secondary schoolsimproving pupils participation in secondary level

education

After 1970Emphasized given to the quality of education as well

as solidarity through:renewing of curriculum diversifying subjects offered in line with

development of science and technology

EDUCATION AFTER 1961

CABINET COMMITTEE

Chaired by Dr. Mahathir Mohamad and was formed in 1974.

To study the implementation of the National Education policy.

Released its findings, the Mahathir Report in 1979.

The report suggested:i. Education should meet the country’s

manpower needs, especially in science and technology

ii. Education should foster development of noble values

EDUCATION REFORMS

The objectives:i. To improve the conditions and quality of the

educational system;ii. To fix a system of education that is “flexible”

to current development. Consequent to this report, the New Primary

School Curriculum (KBSR) was launched in 1983 and the New Secondary School Curriculum (KBSM) in 1989.

THE SMART SCHOOL The objectives:i. To produce students to be thinking citizens

with religious beliefs.ii. To create an atmosphere of teaching and

learning that is in line with the latest development in education.

The main feature is the use of information technology in the process of teaching and learning.

It means that lesson in class will shift from being techer-centred to pupil-centred.

The school will cultivate the skills to solve problems in a creative manner to meet with the new situations.

Thank you