national environmental research institute aarhus university the recent development in denmark in...
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![Page 1: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY The recent development in Denmark in relation to ammonia regulation Steen Gyldenkærne Dept](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649cc15503460f9498877e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
The recent development in Denmark in relation to ammonia regulation
Steen GyldenkærneDept. of Policy Analysis, Nat. Env. Res. Inst
Aarhus [email protected]
TFRN, Rome 10-12 May 2011
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
Outline› Background
› Previous regulations
› What have we achieved so far› Nex› Nitrogen consumption› Leaching› N in watersheds
› Nex data
› Comparison with other countries
› Future regulations
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
You need a good case!
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
Action plans and regulations› 1987 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (I)
› Partly voluntary agreement on reduced N input› Higher utilization of N in animal manure› Agreement was 50% reduction in Nitrogen leaching from the root zone
› 1998 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (II)› 6% of the agricultural area with catch crops› 10% reduced nitrogen norms compared to normal› 5% increased utilization rate of N i animal manure
› 2000 Ammonia action plan› Ban on broad casting› Increased storage capacity, approx. 10 months› Increased coverage of manure stores› Time slot for incorporation of manure, 6 hours› No manure application on “not harvested crops”, i.e. ban on autumn
application› 2004 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (III)
› Mandatory Nitrogen accounting (farms >10 AU)› Increased utilization rate of N in animal manure, >75%
› 2007-2011 More information later
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
Current regulation› Approval of all farms every 8 years and when
changed› Limits
› 15 AU› 75 AU
› Includes ammonia deposition estimates to natural habitats
› Costly› Up to 50.000-100.000 €
› Time consuming› Up to 2-3 years
› Turnover rates of animals› 90 % of the pigs are moving to other facilities within 10
years› 90% of the diary cows are moving within 18 years› New approval
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
What have been achieved so far: I
Source: Winther, F. and P. Olesen, http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/index.asp?action=show&id=1112NOVANA data by Jørgen Windolf, NERI
Nitrogen input Nitrogen output
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
What have been achieved so far: II
Nitrogen surplus Nitrogen utilization rate
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
90.000
1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
To
n N
H3-
N/y
r
Dairy Cattle
Deer
Fur farmingGoats
Horses
Non-Dairy Cattle
OstrichP heasant
P oultry
Sheep
SwineTotal
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
90.000
1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
To
n N
H3-
N/y
r
Stable
Storage
Application
Grazing
Total
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
Kg
NH
3-N
/an
imal
pla
ce/y
r
Dairy Cattle
Non-Dairy Cattle
Swine
Ammonia, overall reductionTotal: - 34%Dairy cattle: - 49%Pigs: - 38%
Ammonia, overall reductionStable: - 3%Storage: - 70%Application: - 48%Grazing: - 36%
Ammonia, overall reduction IEFDairy cattle: - 19%Pigs: - 54%
What have been achieved so far: III
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
What have been achieved so far: IV
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
År
Kvæ
lsto
fde
po
sito
n, k
gN
/ha
Reduceret N
Oxideret N
Samlet
Land
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
År
Kvæ
lsto
fde
po
sito
n, k
gN
/ha
Reduceret N
Oxideret N
Samlet
Vand
Source: Ellermann et al. NERI, 2011
Nitrogen deposition to land Nitrogen deposition to water
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
What have been achieved so far: V
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
To
n N
/yr
N, Mineral fertiliser
Nex, animal manure
N, input total (before NH3-emis)
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
To
n N
/yr
N, diffusive to w ater sheds
N, leached from root zone
N, diffusive to maritime w ater
Nitrogen input
Mineral fertilser: - 50%Animal manure: - 10%
Leaching
From Root zone: - 50%Diffusive sources into water: - 41%
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
What have been achieved so far: VI (a)› Denmark has some of the best educated
farmers› High performance of the farmers› Efficient controlling systems› Good data quality on input
› The Normative system› Annual updated Nex for all animal types based on
› 18-20 % of all dairy cattle› 25-30 % of all pigs› 75-80 % of all poultry› 95-100 % of all fur farms
› Reliable data for Nex
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
What have been achieved so far: VI (b)
1990 1994 1997 2000 2005 2010
Fatteners FU/kg growth 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9
g protein/FU 162,5 158,3 157,6 151,0
Nex, kg/yr/produced pig 4,53 4,55 3,28 3,15 3,19 2,94
Piglets FU/kg growth 2,0 2,1 2,0 2,0
g protein/FU 175,0 164,3 164,8 161,0
Nex, kg/yr/produced pig 0,73 0,68 0,68 0,64 0,63 0,51
Sows FU 1300 1300 1300 1340 1442 1500
g protein/FU 150,0 149,8 142,8 138,0
Nex, kg/yr 28,7 26,3 25,7 26,6 27,2 26,0
Dairy cows Milk yield, l/yr 7450 7659 8745 9357
FE 5700 6032 6032 6065 6593 6984
g protein/FU 175,6 175,0 173,0 172,0
Nex, kg/yr 133,0 121,4 128,0 127,3 134,5 140,9
Feed consumption and Nex 1990-2010
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
What have been achieved so far: VII
FU/kg feed
% CP, currentdanish values,
% in feedTFRN
MediumTFRNHigh
Minimum economialCP content
based on amino acid optimization
Fatteners 1,05 15,9 15-17 14-16 13,3
Piglets 1,13 18,2 18-19 17-18 17,7
Sows 1,04 14,416-17 15-16
11,014-15 13-14
Source: Own calculation based on data from the Danish Plant Directorate and
http://vsp.lf.dk/Viden/Foder/Naeringsstoffer/Normer%20for%20naeringsstoffer.aspx?full=1
Crude Protein (CP) content in pig feed
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
What have been achieved so far: VIII
Simple cost calculation
Approximately cost, 1987-2009: 500 – 600 Million €Abated ammonia, 1988-2009: 387,538 ton NH3-N Reduced leaching to water: 325,778 ton N
Cost per kg reduced NH3-N: 1.3 – 1.5 €/kg NH3-NCost per kg reduced leached N: 1.5 – 1.8 €/kg N leached
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
Comparison with other countries
2008 Denmark Germany Poland The Netherlands
% Ammonia loss per kg excreted Nitrogen
Cattle 15 25 20 21
Pigs 22 35 28 23
Poultry 28 43 30 21
Source: Own calculation based on reported data to EMEP/CORINAR and UNFCCC
Emission kg NH3-N Dairy cows Fatteners/place
Guide book Tier 1, approx. incl. manure application 28.00 (? kg Nex) 5.44
Denmark average 2009 incl. manure application 21.68 (140 kg Nex) 1.82
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
The Future› Approval of all farms > 15 AU
› Demands for low ammonia emissions
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
Current regulations for enlargement
Application year
Base N excretion, norm Nex, 30-102 kg Reduction, %
Maximum NH3-emission per produced pig, kg NH3-N
2006 2005/2005 3.19 0 (reference) 0.44
2007 2005/2006 3.19 15 0.37
2008 2005/2006 3.19 20 0.35
2009/2010 2005/2006 3.19 25 0.33
2011 2010/2011 2.95 (1) 30 (from BAT) 0.302 (1)
(1) Weight interval 32-107 kg
Application year
Base N excretion, norm N ex Reduction, %
Maximum NH3-emission per dairy cow (large breed),
kg NH3-N/yr
2006 2005/2005 134.5 0 (reference) 10.64
2007 2005/2006 134.5 15 9.04
2008 2005/2006 134.5 20 8.51
2009/2010 2005/2006 134.5 25 8.00
2011 2010/2011 140.9 30 (from BAT) 7.01
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
Approval of the Danish farms› Status by 1 June 2010
› Farmers having 22% of the current AU (240.000 AU) in Denmark has applied and been approved
› The farms has applied for an approval of 33 % of the current Danish animal stock (660.000 AU)
› An average increase of 50% per farm› The approval shall be utilized within 2 years (approx.)
› The performance of the applicants› Average NH3-N emission in the inventory: 15.8 kg
NH3-N/AU› Current emission: 13.0 kg NH3-N/AU› Approved emission: 10.6 kg NH3-N/AU
The applicants are some of the best performing farmers
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
The Wheel
2011 application round
ResultLower normative Nex-values
30 % reductions obtained withTechniqueLower CP in feed/less Nex
2012 applications etc.Forced to use lowernormative Nex-values
Expected average ammonia emission in the future
for pigs and dairy cattle from stable and storage
7 kg NH3-N / AU
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
Buffer zones › Two different Natural areas
› Natura 2000, EU-legislation
› National interesting sites, ammonia sensitive areas (§3)
› 7 % of the Danish agricultural area is in buffer zones
› Two buffer zones› 0-300 m (BZ I)
› No farms are allowed to be established
› No changes in existing farms are allowed if this increase the emission
› 300-1000 m (BZ II)› Maximum increase in deposition of 0.3-0.7 kg N/ha
› The actual number depends on the number of animals within a range of 1000 m from the applicant
› Large farms: If a farm (>500 AU) outside BZ II has an influence on the deposition in the natural habitat, this shall taken into account
› Cumulative effect if more farms are in the vicinity
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
Manure application› No splash plates
› Mandatory injection on black soils and grass
› Mandatory injection in buffer zones for all crops from
2011› High costs in growing crops: damage and horse power
› Possible solution: acidification during application
› Cost: app. 50 €/ha excl. effect of increased N utilization
http://biocover.dk/images/stories/DJF_SyreN_Forsg/2010_BioCover_-_Notat_til_miljstyrelsen_om_SyreN_projekt.pdf
Acidification when applied 1InjectionHose-trailAcidification when applied 2Acidification in the stable
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
CLR-Transboundary - AP
Source: Maciej Kryza et al., 2011
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
CLR-Transboundary - APDenmark has a highly intensive
agriculture but:
› 31 % of the deposited NHx to land is of Danish origin
› 69 % is of foreign origin
› Please reduce your emissions
NHx, Ton N/yrDanish emissions
deposited on Danish soils; 10894; 16%
Danish emission deposited on Danish
w ater; 4578; 7%
Foreign emission deposited on Danish
soils; 24249; 36%
Foreign emission deposited on Danish
w ater; 28122; 41%
NOx, Ton N/yr
Foreign emission deposited on Danish water;
33012; 52% Foreign emission deposited on Danish soils; 17560; 28%
Danish emission deposited on Danish water;
5374; 8%
Danish emissions deposited on
Danish soils; 7889; 12%
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
Summing up› Denmark has walked a long way
› and still there is a path to walk – full of stones
› The Danish national strengthening has a limited overall effect› primarily on local habitats
› Large effects could be made if Europe follows the Danish example
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NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,
Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne
Thanks for taking your time
National borders exits only in our minds