national income accounting - ignited minds · •reserve ratio (crr, slr) •rates (repo, rr, bank...
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National Income Accounting
By Azad
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Sources of Income
There are fundamentally four kinds of
contributions made during the production
of goods and services
1. human labourer -wage
2. capital - interest
3. entrepreneurship - profit
4. fixed natural resources (land) - rent.
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Some definitions
Goods
Final Goods Intermediate
Consumption Good Capital Good
The deletion, which is made from the value of gross investment in
order to accommodate regular wear and tear of capital, is called
depreciation.
Net Investment = Gross investment – Depreciation
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Factor Cost & Market Price
Current Price & Constant Price MP = FC + Indirect Tax – Subsidy
Base Year = 2011-12
Current Year = 2017-18
Price in current year(affected by inflation)
= Current Price
Price in Base year = Constant Price
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GDP & GNP
The aggregate amount of goods and services produced
within the geographical boundary of a nation in a year is
called Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Financial Year in India is 1st April to 31st March.
GNP = GDP + Net factor income from abroad
30-Jul-17 Azad
India
Gayle
Foreign
Dhoni
GDP
GNP
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NDP, NNP & PI
NDP= GDP - Depreciation
NNP= GNP - Depreciation
Net National Product at factor cost is called National Income.
NI (NNPFC)= NNPMP - Indirect Taxes + Subsidies
Personal Income (PI) =
NI
– Undistributed profits
+ Transfer payments to the households from the government and firms
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GDP
GDP at current prices is called NOMINAL GDP
GDP at constant prices is called REAL GDP
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Methods of Calculating NI
30-Jul-17 Azad
Firms Households
A Spending
B Goods & Services
C Factor Payment
Factor Services IGN
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Planning Commission
1950- setup Chairman: Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
Non-political and Non-constitutional body, makes
recommendations to Government
On January 01, 2015 Government estd. NITI Ayog.
National Development Council (NDC): Set up by Union Cabinet in 1952
Headed by PM, Central Min., CMs and Lt Governors, UT
heads and Members of PC
Approval of 5 year plans, review working of plans and
recommend measures.
Prescribe Guidelines for National Plans, plans for STs.
30-Jul-17 Azad
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National Institution for Transforming India:
(NITI) Ayog
A policy think-tank of Govt replacing PC
Purely an advisory body (the power to allocate
funds vested to FinMin, PC had powers to allocate
funds)
Head by PM
Has some part-time members invited by PM(No
such provision in PC)
Governing council replaces NDC
Four Union Ministers nominated by PM as ex-
officio
Vice-chairman: Arvind Panagariya
CEO: Sindhu Shree Khuller
30-Jul-17 Azad
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5 Year Plans Plan Objective Misc
1st 1951-56 (Harrod
Domar Model)
Agriculture
2nd 1956-61 Nehru-Mahalanobis
3rd 61-66 I.E. enters takes off
stage
Worst famine 65-66
3 Annual plans 66-
69(Plan Holiday)
Rupee devalued
4th pan 69-74 Underprivileged and
weaker section
Green Revolution
5th 74-79 Alleviate poverty Terminated 1 year
earlier
Rolling Plan 78-80 Minimum needs
programme
Introduced by Janta
Party Govt
6th plan 80-85 Garibi Hatao
7th 1985-90 Increase employment
2 Annual plans 90-92 Economic Crisis 30-Jul-17 Azad
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30-Jul-17 Azad
5 Year Plans continued…
Plan Objective Misc
8th 92-97 Rao Manmohan Singh
Model
9th 97-2002 Equality, women, st,
sc, obc
10th 2002-2007 Governance
improvement
11th 2007-2012 Sex ration to be
increased to 935 2012
& 950 in 2016-17
12th 2012-17 Faster sustainable
and more inclusive
growth
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15 year vision document
N. Modi Govt has decided to discontinue the 5 year
plans and replace it with 15 year vision document,
will come in after 12th FYP with objective
“eradication of Poverty”
2017-18 to 2032-33 Vision Document
2017-18 to 2024-25 National Dev Agenda
Review of Development agenda after every 3 years
30-Jul-17 Azad
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Questions
Indian Economy is
A) Socialist B) Capitalistic
C) Mixed D) Ghandian
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C) Mixed Answer
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Questions
30-Jul-17 Azad
The national income estimation is the responsibility
of:
a. NSSO b. CSO
c. Finance Ministry d. National Income Cmssn
b. CSO Answer
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Questions
The value of GDP adjusted for inflation is called
a. Per capita income b. Disposable income
c. GNP d. Real GDP
30-Jul-17 Azad
d. Real GDP Answer
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Questions
Which of the following is NOT a method of
calculating NI
a. income method b. Expenditure Method
c. Cost Method d. Value Added Method
30-Jul-17 Azad
c. Cost Method Answer
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Any Queries?????
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30-Jul-17 Azad
Planning Commission
1950- setup Chairman: Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
Non-political and Non-constitutional body, makes
recommendations to Government
On January 01, 2015 Government estd. NITI Ayog.
National Development Council (NDC):
Set up by Union Cabinet in 1952
Headed by PM, Central Min., CMs and Lt Governors, UT heads
and Members of PC
Approval of 5 year plans, review working of plans and
recommend measures.
Prescribe Guidelines for National Plans, plans for STs.
Azad Bukhari
National Institution for Transforming India: (NITI) Ayog
A policy think-tank of Govt replacing PC
Purely an advisory body (the power to allocate funds vested to
FinMin, PC had powers to allocate funds)
Head (Chairman) PM
Has some part-time members invited by PM(No such provision in
PC)
Governing Council replaces NDC
Four Union Ministers nominated by PM as ex-officio
Vice-chairman: Arvind Panagariya
CEO: Sindhu Shree Khuller
Azad Bukhari
5 Year Plans Plan Objective Misc
1st 1951-56 (Harrod
Domar Model)
Agriculture
2nd 1956-61 Nehru-Mahalanobis
3rd 61-66 I.E. enters takes off
stage
Worst famine 65-66
3 Annual plans 66-
69(Plan Holiday)
Rupee devalued
4th pan 69-74 Underprivileged and
weaker section
Green Revolution
5th 74-79 Alleviate poverty Terminated 1 year
earlier
Rolling Plan 78-80 Minimum needs
programme
Introduced by Janta
Party Govt
6th plan 80-85 Garibi Hatao
7th 1985-90 Increase employment
2 Annual plans 90-92 Economic Crisis Azad Bukhari
Plan Objective Misc
8th 92-97 Rao Manmohan Singh
Model
9th 97-2002 Equality, women, st, sc,
obc
10th 2002-2007 Governance
improvement
11th 2007-2012 Sex ratio to be
increased to 935 2012
& 950 in 2016-17
12th 2012-17 Faster sustainable and
more inclusive growth
5 Year Plans contd…
Azad Bukhari
15 year vision document
Narendra Modi Govt has decided to discontinue the 5 year
plans and replace it with 15 year vision document, will come in
after 12th FYP with objective “eradication of Poverty”
2017-18 to 2032-33 Vision Document
2017-18 to 2024-25 National Development Agenda
Review of Development agenda after every 3 years
Azad Bukhari
Poverty has social and Economic dimensions
World Bank Extreme poverty is <US$ 1.90 per day
Moderate poverty is <US$2-5 per day
UN HR Commission says “Poverty is a denial of choices and opputunity, a violation of human dignity. Lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in the society”
TYPES: Absolute: Predetermined – Per Capita expenditure(BPL)-
Head count Ratio=no of poor people/total pop.
Relative: Inequality – comparison – classes like middle, upper.
Poverty
Ex
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Azad Bukhari
NITI Ayog (earlier PC) estimates poverty using NSSO data
Every 5 years NSSO(national Sample Survey Org) conducts surveys to collect expenditure
Monthly per capita expenditure is used
Poverty line estimates vary from expert to expert
Ministry of Rural Development conducts BPL census
Poverty in India
Azad Bukhari
ADB Poverty Line = Expenditure US $ 1.51 per day
Tendulkar Committee:
Health, Nutrition, Education, Electricity
National poverty lines (in Rs per capita per month)
About 22%(current) of the population below poverty line
37.2%(2005)
Poverty Line
Year Rural Urban
2004-05 446.7 578.8
2009-10 672.8 859.6
2011-12 816.0 1000.0
Azad Bukhari
Employment: any person desiring to work and gets work is
employed
Any person who is willing to work but is unable to procure a job is
Unemployed
TYPES
Structural UE: Change in structure in economy (labor to machine)
Frictional UE: Temporary - shifting from one job to another job
Cyclical UE: Due to cyclical fluctuations - recession and depression
Disguised UE: Marginal productivity remains zero e.g. Agriculture
Seasonal UE: Tourism
Voluntary UE: Prefer not to work because of non-suitable choice
Under Employment: Worker remains underutilized in terms of skill or time
Unemployment
Azad Bukhari
MGNREGA 2006, rural dev., livelihood security, wages-central government
Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana (NRLM 2011+NULM-2013)- 2015 min rural dev- poverty allev. prog., - Self Help Groups, skills etc.
Government
Azad Bukhari
Queries?
Thank You
Azad Bukhari
Before Money was Invented
Onion 2KG
RICE 5KG
Double Coincidence of
Wants
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Money
Paper Money Extrinsic
Plastic Cards Extrinsic Money
Digital Currency Extrinsic Money
Bank
is a financial institution
– which accept deposits
– Lends to potential borrows
– Allows the depositors to withdraw via cheque
Gold/Silver Coins
Intrinsic Money
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Supply Demand
Onion 1 Kg
Supply
100 Rupees
Demand
Bring in More Cash
1000 Rupees
Demand
CONSTANT INCREASES
Onion 10 Kg
Supply
Inflation
INCREASE
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• Reduce Money Supply 1
• Tight Money Policy 2
• Dear Money Policy 3
Combat Inflation
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• Increase Money Supply 1
• Easy Money Policy 2
• Cheap Money Policy 3
Combat Deflation
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Monetary Policy: Instruments
• Reserve Ratio (CRR, SLR)
• Rates (Repo, RR, Bank Rate )
• Consumer Credit Control, Down-payment, Credit Rationing – Priority Sector Lending Direct Action.
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Reserve Ratio (cannot lend)
CRR = Cash Reserve Ratio (4%) – in the form of cash only (No Profit)
SLR = Statutory Liquidity Ratio (22%) – in the form of Gold, Cash, or Government Bonds (Some Profit)
Net Demand and Time Liabilities
NDTL = Demand Deposits + Time Deposits – Saving account – Fixed Deposit
– Current account – Cash Certificates,
– Staff Security Deposits
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INFLATION CONTROL (AN EXAMPLE)
NDTL = 2Cr CRR + SLR = 0% Avail Money = 2CR Loan= 10%
10% of 2Cr= 20Lakh
50%
20%
1CR
20% of 1Cr
60,000 55,000
Effect
Inflation Deflation
RBI CRR/SLR RBI CRR/SLR
Banks have less money to lend Banks have more money to lend
Interest Rate Interest rate (new client)
People borrow People borrow
Demand Demand
Prices Prices
Inflation controlled Deflation Controlled
Tight | Dear Money Policy Easy | Cheap Money Policy
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Mock Question
Q: Find Correct Statements a) To combat inflation, RBI should pursue Cheap
Money Policy
b) To combat deflation, RBI should increase SLR
c) Both a) & b)
d) Neither a) nor b)
(WRONG, follow Dear | Tight Money policy)
(WRONG, should decrease SLR)
( Correct )
(WRONG)
Incorrect
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Open Market Operations
Sale and purchase of Government Securities
Why will a bank buy government securities ?
IDLE MONEY
Government Bonds
Government Bonds
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Effect
Inflation Deflation
RBI CRR/SLR RBI CRR/SLR
Tight | Dear Money Policy Easy | Cheap Money Policy
RBI will sell OMO RBI will buy OMO
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Bank Rate
The Rate at which RBI lends long term loan to banks
No Collateral / Mortgage
If bank rate is increased, the rate at which loan is available from banks will also increase
It is not the main tool to control money supply
Long Term Loan
20%
40%
Lo
an
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Car, Education, Marriage
Effect
Inflation Deflation
RBI CRR/SLR RBI CRR/SLR
Tight | Dear Money Policy Easy | Cheap Money Policy
RBI will sell OMO RBI will buy OMO
Bank Rate Bank Rate
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LAF (Liquidity Adjustment Facility) Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate
Short Term Loan
The interest rate at which Banks borrow money from RBI – Repo Rate
– Collateral - Government security (not from SLR) with repurchase agreement
Interest rate paid by RBI when Banks deposit money in RBI – Reverse Repo Rate – Collateral - Government security with repurchase agreement
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Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate
• Reverse Repo Rate = Repo Rate - 1% (100 base points)
Policy Rate= Repo Rate
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Effect
Inflation Deflation
RBI CRR/SLR RBI CRR/SLR
Tight | Dear Money Policy Easy | Cheap Money Policy
RBI will sell OMO RBI will buy OMO
Bank Rate Bank Rate
Repo Rate Repo Rate
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Recap
CRR (4%) SLR (22%) RR (6%) Rev RR
(5%) Bank
Rate(7%)
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Other tools
• Consumer Credit Control
– Margin Requirements – Gold Ornaments-mortgage
– Down payment – Car 30%
– Rationing – Priority Sector Lending
» Farmers
» Education
» Small Business
» Home loan
Banking Sector Evolution
Bengal 1806
Bombay 1840
Madras 1842
Presidency Banks
1861: all 3 ; issue currency
1921: Imperial Bank of India
1955 (nationalized) State Bank of India
Indian Banks
• 1707 : Bank of Hindustan
• 1865 Allahabad Bank
• 1908 Bank of Baroda
By 1930’s there were 1200+ banks in india
1930 – Great Depression – defaults
1934- RBI Act
1935- RBI established
1955 – 1 bank nationalized
1969 – 14 50Cr Deposit
1980 – 6 200Cr Deposit
1969 1980
Central Bank of India Andhra Bank
Bank of India Corporation Bank
Bank of Madras New Bank of India
PNB Vijaya Bank
UCO Oriental Bank of Commerce
Canara Panjab and Sindh Bank
Dena
United Bank
Syndicate
Allahabad
Indian Bank
Indian Overseas
Union
Bank of Bombay
Banks in India • Public Sector Banks (27 PJ nayak committee)
– 1969/14 + 1980/5 + 2004/IDBI + 1955/SBI + 2004/BMB + 5
Associate Banks
• Private Sector Banks 23
– iba.org.in/viewmembanks.asp?id=3
• Foreign Banks 41
– iba.org.in/viewmembanks.asp?id=4
• Banking Ombudsman – Who hears the complaints of customers against the banks – Setup in 1995 on the recommendation of Narsiman
Committee
Bank NBFC
RBI registers them under Banking Regulation Act
Registered under Companies Act
RBI Supervision Depends: Insurance: IRDA Merchant Bank : SEBI(Securities and
Exchange Board of India)
Deposits FD TD Can take FD but not TD
CRR(4%) and SLR(22%) TD 15% SLR
Banks lend deposited money; but cannot invest in Stock Market
Can lend money and can invest in stock market (Mutual Fund), Insurance
Loan rates depend on base rate Depends on risk factor e.g. Gold 15% -25%
Development Financial Institutions
EXIM (1982)
• Owned by Government 100%
• Promotes cross border trade
Foreign Trade EXIM
Agriculture NABARD
Housing NHB
Industry SIDBI
Nabard(1982)
• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
• Owned by GOI (99.93%) + RBI (0.7%)
• Regulates : Coop Banks and RRB(J&K Grameen Bank, Ellaqai Dehati Bank)
• Rural Infrastructure Development Fund if PSL not met
• Helps State Coop Banks, RRBs Cooperative societies
National Housing Bank 1988
• Owned by RBI 100%
• Apex institution for housing finance in india
SIDBI 1990
• Small Industries Development Bank of India
• Owned by SBI, LIC, IDBI other Publics Sector Banks etc.
NBFC - classification not regulated by RBI Investment Bank
(US term) Wealth Management, Underwriting
Bank of America SEBI
Merchant Bank (UK term)
Wealth Management, Underwriting
SBI capital, Morgan Stainley
SEBI
Venture Capital Fund Initial Public Offer, help Startup companies
Industrial Finance Corporation of India, Internation Data group
SEBI
NIDHI(national initiative for developing and harnessing innovations)
Club to borrow money and lend to borrowers
Ummed, South Madras Benefit Fund
Department of Company Affairs
Microfinance company
Entry capital 5Cr, Loan without collateral upto 50000
Muthoot Bandhan
Department of Company Affairs
Economic Policy 1991
Azad
August 07
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
Latest Questions
Policy to regulate supply of money and
credit by RBI is known as
a) Fiscal policy
b) Monetary policy
c) Both
d) None
New Economic Policy 1991 aims at a) Liberalization b) Privatization c) Globalization d) All the above
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
WTO came into force on
a) January 1, 1995
b) January 26, 1950
c) April 10, 1991
d) None of the above
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
Latest Questions
WTO agreement includes
a) TRIMS
b) TRIPS
c) Dispute Settlement
d) All the above
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
Latest Questions
Economic Policy ( Unit II of NCERT Class 11th )
• Background of the reform policies introduced in India in 1991
• The process of LPG
• Impact of the reform process
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
Government
Funds
Taxation
Borrowings
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
Direct Tax Indirect Tax
1991
• In 1991, India met with an economic crisis relating to its external debt —
the government was not able to make repayments on its borrowings
from abroad;
• Foreign exchange reserves, which we generally maintained to import
petrol and other important items, dropped to levels that were not
sufficient for even a fortnight.
• The crisis was further compounded by rising prices of essential goods
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
1991 • Late 1980s, government expenditure began to exceed its revenue by such large
margins that meeting the expenditure through borrowings became
unsustainable.
• India approached the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD), popularly known as World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund (IMF).
• WB+IMF= The Bretton Woods Institutions (1944) and received $7 Billion
as loan to manage the crisis. IMF and WB expected India to liberalize the
economy.
• $1.2 Bn Forex in jan 1991, reduced to half by june, Crisis July;
• 67 ton Gold was mortgage for $2.2 Billion Loan
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Before 1991:
i. industrial licensing under which every entrepreneur had to get
permission from government officials to start a firm, close a firm or
to decide the amount of goods that could be produced
ii. private sector was not allowed in many industries
iii. some goods could be produced only in small scale industries and
iv. controls on price fixation and distribution of elected industrial
products.
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
Liberalization
• The only industries which are now reserved for the public
sector are defense equipment, atomic energy generation and
railway transport
• In many industries, the market has been allowed to
determine the prices
• Tax Reforms
• Rupee was devalued- Foreign exchange reform
• Quantitative restrictions on imports
• Export duties removed
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
Privatization
• Government company is converted into private company
in two ways
o By withdrawal of government from ownership
o by outright sale of PSE
• Privatization of a public sector enterprises by selling off
part of the PSEs to the public is known as
disinvestment.
o improve financial
o Discipline and facilitate modernization
o FDI
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
Globalization
• Integration of the economy of the country with the
world economy
• Outsourcing
o Information Technology
o BPO
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
World Trade Organization Structure
Ministerial Conference
General Council
Secretariat
• 166 members
• Appoint DG
• Trade Agreements
• After every 2 years
WT
O
• D2Day Business
• Trade Policy Review
• Dispute Settlement
• DG
• Geneva
Reduce Trade Barriers : Tariff Barrier and Non Tariff Barrier
WTO
World Trade Organization (January 1, 1995) Replacing General
Agreement on trade and tariff(GATT - 1947)
India an important member plays a forefront role
166 members – Afganistan 2016
Director General : Roberto Azevêdo
Major Agreements of WTO
– Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary measures Agreement(SPM)
– General Agreement on Tariff and Trade(GATT) - Goods
– General Agreement on Trade in Service (GATS) - Services
– Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(TRIPS)
– Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS)
GREEN, BLUE AND AMBER BOX subsidies
Agreement on Agriculture (AOA)
IMPORT duty, Export Subsidy, Domestic Subsidy
Green Box
subsidies that do not distort trade fall in this box (drought relief, training)
Amber Box
– The subsidies that distort the international trade by making products of a particular country cheaper : Diesel, Fertilizer, Electricity, MSP : 5% 10% of de-minimus level
Blue Box
– These are basically Amber Box subsidies but they tend to limit the production. Iceland, NO LIMIT
Assessment
1980-91 1992-2001
2002-2007
2007-12 2012-17
5.6 6.4 7.8 8.2 7.8
Growth of GDP (in %)
FDI+FII has increased from US$100 million(1991) to over US$500 Billion(2016) Forex : US$367.932 billion as on 31st March 2017 Gold reserves : US$20.46 billion.- Nov 2016
Agriculture and Employment have not received enough focus
Assignments:
Revolutions of India.
PMs of India.
P5 countries.
PMs and CMs of J&K.
Forts and Temples in J & K.
Books written by APJ Abdul Kalam
SAARC, ASEAN, BRICS, G20
Awards National and International (2016-17)
Queries?
WTO
Azad
August 08
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
World Trade Organization Structure
Ministerial Conference
General Council
Secretariat
• 166 members
• Appoint DG
• Trade Agreements
• After every 2 years
WT
O
• D2Day Business
• Trade Policy Review
• Dispute Settlement
• DG
• Geneva
Reduce Trade Barriers : Tariff Barrier and Non Tariff Barrier
Tayyari JEET Ki
WTO
World Trade Organization (January 1, 1995) Replacing General
Agreement on trade and tariff(GATT - 1947)
India an important member plays a forefront role
166 members – Afganistan 2016
Director General : Roberto Azevêdo
Major Agreements of WTO
• Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary measures Agreement(SPM)
• General Agreement on Tariff and Trade(GATT) - Goods
• General Agreement on Trade in Service (GATS) - Services
• Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
• Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS)
GREEN, BLUE AND AMBER BOX subsidies
Agreement on Agriculture (AOA)
IMPORT duty, Export Subsidy, Domestic Subsidy
Green Box
subsidies that do not distort trade fall in this box (drought relief, training)
Amber Box
– The subsidies that distort the international trade by making products of a particular country cheaper : Diesel, Fertilizer, Electricity, MSP : 5% 10% of de-minimus level
Blue Box
– These are basically Amber Box subsidies but they tend to limit the production. Iceland, NO LIMIT
Assessment
1980-91 1992-2001
2002-2007
2007-12 2012-17
5.6 6.4 7.8 8.2 7.8
Growth of GDP (in %)
FDI+FII has increased from US$100 million(1991) to over US$500 Billion(2016) Forex : US$367.932 billion as on 31st March 2017 Gold reserves : US$20.46 billion.- Nov 2016
Agriculture and Employment have not received enough focus
Fiscal Policy
• Budget : Budget is an Annual financial statement of the estimated
receipts and expenditure of the Government for the financial year.
(1st April –31st March).
• Who prepares budget? Department of Economic Affairs
• Budget is for upcoming year
• Economic Survey is for last year
• Draft by Department of Economic Affairs
• Data input : CSO
• Finance Secretary and FinMin polish it and present in
parliament
• Agenda 2017-18 “Transform, Energize and Clean India”
• 3 documents: AFS, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill
Budget 2017-18
Article 112: Annual Financial Statement
Article 265: Finance Bill- Collect Tax
Article 266: Appropriation Bill- CFI expenditure
Why in news?
• The 2017 Union Budget was presented by Finance Minister
Arun Jaitley on February 1st, which is a month earlier than it is
usually done.
• Railway and General Budget merged.
Consolidated Fund, Public Account, and Contingency Fund
• Consolidated Fund (CFI Article 266):
– Revenue collected
– All the loans raised
– Interest/ principal received
Need approval of Legislature YES
Public Accounts (Article 266)
• National Investment Fund (Money earned by Disinvestment goes here)
• National Calamity and contingency fund (NCCF)->merged with NDRF
• Provident Fund
• Bank saving account of departments and ministries
Need approval of Legislature NO
Contingency fund of India(Article 267)
• For unforeseen events
• Under President (operated by Fin Secretary)
Need approval of Legislature NO
Fiscal Policy - Budget
Azad [email protected]
Operation Tayyari Jeet Ki
Theme Don’t stop studying until you are sleepy enough to make your study table a pillow; Your study break should be during the power cut
IGN
ITE
D M
IND
S
Be t
he c
han
ge..
Parts of Budget
Receipts Expenditure
Revenue R Capital R Revenue E Capital E
® €
FDI FII/ FPI
direct investment into the production and management. This can be one by
either buying a company or by expanding operations of an existing
business.
invest in a capital / money market FII/ FPI brings only capital
most beneficial form of foreign investment
FII inflows are hot money
more stable less stable
It improves Infrastructure, expertise It brings permanent investment
have to get registered with stock market regulator SEBI
10% of the paid up capital
Any investment flowing from one country into another is foreign investment.
Tax
Direct Tax and Indirect Tax
• Incidence : The point where tax looks being imposed
• Impact: the point where tax makes its effect
• Direct Tax:
– Pt of Incidence and Pt of impact are same
– Social and economic justice; ability to pay
• Indirect Tax:
– Pt of Incidence and Pt of impact are different
–Every member of the community is taxed
Direct Tax
• Progressive (Richer person higher tax)
• Inequality of income – reduced
• Quick results
• Collection Expensive
• Therefore narrow base
• Externality not counted : Tata vs Filmstar
• Hardship not counted : Carpenter vs Landlord
Parts of Budget
Revenue Capital
Receipts Expenditure Receipts Expenditure
Tax Non-Tax
Direct
Indirect
® ©
Direct Tax Union
#1: Income/expenditure
• Income Tax
• Corporate Tax 30% (MAT
18.5% of book profit)
• Interest Tax (on banks)
• Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT)
#2. On Property Assets / Capital
Transaction
• Securities Transaction Tax
• Capital Gains Tax (Profit on asset
sale)
• Estate Tax
• Banking Transaction Tax
• Gift Tax
Direct Tax State
#1: Tax on Income
• Agriculture Income Tax
• Professional Tax (max 2500)
#2. Tax on Properties
• Land Revenue
• Stamp Duty/ Registration Duty
• Property Tax in urban areas
Income Tax Slabs
Tax Slab Income in Lakhs
10% >2.5 to 5
20% >5 to 10
30% >10
Educational Cess 3%- educational purpose- goes to public account Surcharge 12% - no specific purpose goes to CFI – not shared with states
Find payable Tax
A person has an income of 12 lakh rupees per annum
Upto 2.5 lakh 0% = 0
From 2.5 to 5 lakh 10%=25000
From 5 lakh to 10 lakh 20%= 100000
From 10 lakh to 12 lakh 30% = 60000
Total tax= 1,85,000
Surcharge 12% of 1,85,000= 22,200
Total= 207200
Cess 3%(207200)= 6216
Total Tax to be paid=213416
Parts of Budget
Revenue Capital
Receipts Expenditure Receipts Expenditure
Tax Non-Tax
Direct
Indirect
® ©
Non Tax Revenue
• Investment Interest Dividend
• Service Income
• Grants
• Interest given on Loans Given
Parts of Budget
Revenue Capital
Receipts Expenditure Receipts Expenditure
Tax Non-Tax
Direct Investment Interest Dividend
Grants, Interest on Loans,
Indirect penalty
® ©
Revenue Expenditure
• Interest Payment
• Subsidies (Food, Fertlizer, LPG)
• Defense
• Grants to States
• Pension
• Police (Law and Order)
• General Election
• Tax Collection
• Salary
Parts of Budget
Revenue Capital
Receipts Expenditure Receipts Expenditure
Tax Non-Tax
Direct Dividend
Grants,
Interest on Loans,
Indirect penalty
® ©
Interest Payment Subsidies (Food, Fertilizer, LPG) Defense Grants to States Pension Police (Law and Order) General Election Tax Collection Salary
Capital Receipts and Expenditure
Debt
• Borrowings
o Long Term vs Short Term
o Internal vs External
• Provident Fund
• Savings
Non - debt
• Disinvestment
• Loan Recovery (Principle)
Plan
• Central Plan
• State Plan
Non plan
• Defense
• Loan to PSU
• Loan to Foreign
• Loan to State
Parts of Budget
Revenue Capital
Receipts Expenditure Receipts Expenditure
Tax Non-Tax
Direct Dividend
Grants,
Interest on Loans,
Indirect penalty
Interest Payment Subsidies (Food, Fertilizer, LPG) Defense Grants to States Pension Police (Law and Order) General Election Tax Collection Salary
Debt Borrowings Non-debt Loan Recovery Disinvestment
Plan Central Plan State Plan Non-Plan Defense Loan to
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
Parts of Budget
Receipts Expenditure
Revenue R Capital R Revenue E Capital E
Tax Non-Tax
Direct Dividend
Grants,
Interest on Loans,
Indirect penalty
Interest Payment Subsidies (Food, Fertilizer, LPG) Defense Grants to States Pension Law and Order General Election Tax Collection Salary
Debt Borrowings Non-debt Loan Recovery Disinvestment
Plan Central Plan State Plan Non-Plan Defense Loan to
IGNITED MINDS
Be the change..
Thank You..
Operation Tayyari Jeet Ki
Theme Don’t stop studying until you are sleepy enough to make your study table a pillow; Your study break should be during the power cut
*
There are two routes by which India gets FDI.
*Automatic route: By this route FDI is allowed
without prior approval by Government or Reserve
Bank of India.
*Government route: Prior approval by government
is needed via this route. Foreign Investment
Promotion Board (FIPB) is the responsible agency
to oversee this route
*Sector FDI Limit
Agriculture & Animal Husbandry
Townships, shopping complexes &
business centres
medical devices
Civil Aviation
100%
Automatic Route
Private sector banks 74%
Public Sector Banks(from 26% to 49% via
FIPB), Insurance, Petroleum Refining,
Pension
49%
Terrestrial Broadcasting (FMRadio), Print
Media,
26%
By Azad
Operation Tayyari JEET KI Theme Don’t stop studying until you are sleepy enough to make your study
table a pillow;
Your study break should be during the power cut
*Simplest definition is Inflation is “a rise in the general level of
prices
Some terms
*Creeping inflation: Slow Predictable and Small 2.4%, 3%
*Stagflation: It is a combination of high inflation and low or
stagnant growth (stagnant growth + inflation = stagflation). In
such a situation, inflation and unemployment both are at
higher levels.
*Skewflation: Skewflation refers to skewed inflation where
there is sustained price rise in a small group of commodities
even though prices of other commodities remains relatively
stable.
*Galloping Inflation: This is very high inflation running in
double or triple digits like 20%, 100% or 200% a year.
*Hyper Inflation: This form of inflation is ‘large and
accelerating‘ which might have annual rates in million or
even trillion. Such rate of inflation was recently observed in
Zimbabwe.
*Disinflation: Controlled Decrease in the cost of items
Reduction of inflation without affecting employment.
*Deflation: Negative inflation: Persistent decrease in the cost
of items. It affect employment.
*Inflation Spiral: Prices pull wages up and Wages press prices
up.
*Recession: When the growth rate for 2 quarters is negative.
Persistent Recession is called DEPRESSION.
Laffer Curve
Phillips Curve
Tax R
evenue
Infl
ati
on
Tax Rate
Unemployment
*Two ways: Wholesale Price Index(WPI) & Consumer
Price Index(CPI)- Retail Inflation
*In INDIA WPI is the basis for determining the inflation
of the economy
*The current WPI base year is 2004-05 based on prices of 670 commodities.
*Basket of Commodities (676)- Grouping done by Abhijeet Sen Committee
*Primary Articles: Food, Non-food, Mineral- 106
*Fuel : Electricity, Coal, Diesel, LPG- 19
*Manufacturing: Machines, beverages 555
*Core inflation – Headline Inflation = Food and Fuel
*Calculated By: Office of the Economic Adviser In DIPP Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion
Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
*The current CPI base year is 2012-13 based on prices of 670
commodities.
*Basket of Commodities (460-urban, 448- Rural)
*Food and beverages
*Housing
*Fuel
*Clothing footwear
*Health education recreation
*Calculated by CSO
1. Phillip Curve A) BPL
2. Lafers Curve B) Tax Revenue
3. Saxena Report C) Inflation
1-C 2-B 3-A
*Cost push and Demand Pull
*Cost-push inflation is a result of increased production costs, such
as wages and raw materials
*Demand-pull inflation is a term used to describe when prices rise
because the aggregate demand in an economy is greater than the
aggregate supply
Assignments:
Revolutions of India.
PMs of India.
P5 countries.
PMs and CMs of J&K.
Forts and Temples in J & K.
Books written by APJ Abdul Kalam
SAARC, ASEAN, BRICS, G20
Awards National and International (2016-17)
First Indian in international events
Sports Tournaments
National Days
What is GST?
One Nation One Tax
101st constitutional Amendment Act
Single Tax for entire product cycle or life cycle.
Value addition
GST Council to decide upon any matter related to GST whose chairman in the finance minister of India.
July 01, 2017: GST applied across India
Constitutional Amendment 246 A. (1) Legislature of every State, have power to make laws
with respect to goods and services tax imposed by the Union or by such State. (2) Parliament has exclusive power for inter-state trade laws.
269A. (1) Goods and services tax on supplies in the course of inter-State trade or commerce shall be levied and collected by the Government of India and such tax shall be apportioned between the Union and the States in the manner as may be provided by Parliament by law on the recommendations of the Goods and Services Tax Council.
Article 279A. (1) The President shall, within sixty days from the date of commencement of the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016, by order, constitute a Council to be called the Goods and Services Tax Council.
Value Added Tax
Sales Tax
Producer: 100+100
200 + 10%(200)=220(20)
Manufacturer:
220+50(VA)=270
270+10%(270)=297 (27)
Consumer:
Purchase @ 297
47 Rupees Tax
Total Tax: 20 + 27=47
Value Added Tax
Producer: 100+100
200+10%(200)=220(20)
Manufacturer:
Rs 20= IP.C.
200+50(VA)=250
250+10%(250)=275 (25)–(20)=(5)
Consumer:
Purchase @275
Total Tax =20+5= 25
VAT (10%)
Farmer
Sells at 100
Textile Maker
Sells at 500
Cloth Maker
Sells at 1200
Retailer
Sells at 2000
Sales Price with VAT
110 550 1320 2200
Vat Collected 10 50 120 200
Input Credit
0 10 50 120
Net VAT Collected
10 40 70 80
Total VAT collected = 10+40+70+80 = 200
What taxes are incorporated into the GST?
State Level
State Value Added /Sales Tax
Entertainment Tax (Other than the tax levied by the local bodies)
Octroi and Entry Tax
Luxury Tax
Taxes on lottery
Central level
Central Excise Duty
Additional Excise Duty
Service Tax
Additional Customs Duty (Countervailing Duty)
*Commodities not under GST*
Alcohol
Petroleum: petroleum crude, motor spirit (petrol), high speed diesel, natural gas and aviation turbine fuel
Electricity
GST COUNCIL
1st Federal Institution of India, as per finance minister.
Will approve all decision related to taxation in the country.
Central GST, Compensation law, Integrated GST, Union Territory GST, and a state GST
Tax slabs are decided as 0%, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28% for different types of goods.
For queries please mail my toll free mail [email protected]
Incoming on my number 7051565629 is absolutely free
Operation Tayyari JEET KI Theme
Don’t stop studying until you are sleepy enough to make your
study table a pillow;
Your study break should be during the power cut…
Thank You
Substandard
Assets
An asset which remains as NPAs for less than or equal to 12
to 18 months.
Doubtful Assets An asset which remained in the above category for 12
months.
Loss Assets Asset where loss has been identified
Non Performing Asset (NPA)
An asset, including a leased asset, becomes non-performing when it ceases to generate income for the bank (90 days[consumption loan] or 180 days[term loan] or 30 months [agriculture loan])
SARFAESI Act 2002
Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002
Gives powers of “seize and desist” to banks
Criteria for Maharatna -7
Three years with an annual net profit of over Rs.2500 Crore
Net worth of Rs. 10,000 Crore
Turnover of Rs. 20,000 Crore
Criteria for Navatna - 16
the company must obtain a score of 60 (out of 100).
The score is based on six parameters
net profit to net worth,
total manpower cost to total cost of production or cost of services,
PBDIT (Profit Before Depreciation, Interest and Taxes) to capital employed,
PBDIT to turnover,
EPS (Earning Per Share) and inter-sectoral performance.
Criteria for Miniratna - 71
Criteria
Category 1
CPSEs : Profit Rs 30 Cr in last three years + net worth
Category 2
CPSEs : profit for 3 years continuously
Demography
Malthus Theory of Population:
Food Production increases Arithmetically & Population increases Geometrically.
Demography of India
Period of Stable Growth: 1891 – 1921
Period of Growth of Pop: 1921 – 1951
Period of Population Exp: 1951 – 1981
Period of H. Growth with :1981 – present definite signs of slow down
2001-2011 lowest growth rate in century
Birth & Death Rate
Birth Rate refers to number of children born per thousand persons in a year
Death Rate refers to number of people dying per thousand persons in a year
Literacy Rate
Any person above the age of 7 years who can read and write in any language is treated as literate.
2011 census: 74.04% India LR
82.14 % male
65.46% female
For queries please mail my toll free mail [email protected]
Incoming on my number 7051565629 is absolutely free
Operation Tayyari JEET KI Theme
Don’t stop studying until you are sleepy enough to make your
study table a pillow;
Your study break should be during the power cut…
Thank You
Financial Inclusion
Azad Bukhari
Azad Bukhari
Definition
• Financial Inclusion is the process of
ensuring access to appropriate financial
products and services needed by all
sections of the society in general and
vulnerable sections in particular at an
affordable cost in a fair and transparent
manner by mainstream institutional
players.
vulnerable sections
Azad Bukhari
Vulnerable Sections
• Disabled, Ethnic Minorities
• Farmers, small venders
• Agricultural Laborers
• Unorganized sector
• Unemployed & Uneducated
• Women
• Children
• Old people
Azad Bukhari
Financial Inclusion
Financial
Inclusion
Bank
Accounts
Financial
Advice
Savings
Affordable
Credit
Remittance
Insurance
Azad Bukhari
Twin Pillars
• Financial Inclusion and Financial Literacy are twin
pillars
1. Financial Inclusion – Supply side
2. Financial Literacy – Demand side
Azad Bukhari
Why Financial Inclusion
• Economic Objectives
• Mobilization of Savings
• Larger Market for Financial System
• Social Objectives
• Sustainable Livelihood
Azad Bukhari
Problem in Financial Inclusion
• Subprime mortgage crisis
• Microfinance crisis
• Politicizing
• Coverage
• Skewed saving
• Reckless Credit Expansion
• Lack of awareness
• Cost effective technology
Azad Bukhari
Initiatives in Financial Inclusion
• No-frills accounts
• Overdrafts
• Easy KYC norms and guidelines
• KCC
• Opening branches in unbanked rural areas
• Financial Literacy Program
• Ensuring reasonableness of bank charges
• According to 2011 census only 58.7% households avail bank
services
Azad Bukhari
PMJDY
• Launched by PM Narendra Modi on August 28,
2014
• Accident Insurance cover of 1 Lakh by HDFC
Ergo(Rupay card must be used once in 45 days)
• LI cover of 30,000 by LIC
• Overdraft of 5000 rupees after 6 months.
E Choupal
ITC Limited has provided computers and Internet access in
rural areas across several agricultural regions of the
country, where the farmers can directly negotiate the sale
of their produce with ITC Limited.
Online access enables farmers to obtain information on
Mandi prices, and good farming practices, and to place
orders for agricultural inputs like seeds and fertilizers.
Azad Bukhari
Azad Bukhari
Demography
Malthus Theory of Population:
Food Production increases Arithmetically & Population increases Geometrically.
Aza
d B
ukh
ari
Demography of India
Aza
d B
ukh
ari
Census Data
Aza
d B
ukh
ari
Birth & Death Rate - 2011
Aza
d B
ukh
ari
Literacy Rate
Aza
d B
ukh
ari
Fertility Rate
Aza
d B
ukh
ari
For queries I have a toll free email [email protected]
Incoming on my number +91 7051565629 is absolutely free
Operation Tayyari JEET KI Theme
Don’t stop studying until you are sleepy enough to make your
study table a pillow;
Your study break should be during the power cut…
Thank You
Agenda
• Make in India, Digital India
• Skill India, Atal Pension Yojana
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
• PMSBY
• Beti Bachao Beti padao
• Mudra Bank
• Indradanush, SH Card, Udaan
Azad B
ukh
ari
Make In India Initiative
• 50 percent of Indian population depends on
agriculture and allied activities for livelihood.
• Service sector has near 60 percent share of total
GDP.
• The Make in India Initiative by the present
government is a big step - a national program in
this direction, towards making India, an
investment hub for manufacturing.
Azad B
ukh
ari
Sectors of Make in India
1. Automobiles.
2. Aviation.
3. Chemicals.
4. IT & BPM.
5. Pharmaceuticals.
6. Construction.
7. Defense manufacturing.
8. Electrical machinery.
9. Food processing.
10. Textiles and garments.
11. Ports.
12. Leather.
13. Media and entertainment.
14. Wellness.
15. Mining.
16. Tourism and hospitality..
17. Railways.
18. Automobile components.
19. Renewable energy.
20. Mining.
21. Bio-technology.
22. Space.
23. Thermal power.
24. Roads and highways.
25. Electronics systems
Azad B
ukh
ari
Make in India Initiative
• Invest India Cell : Foreign investor facilitation cell.
• eBiz : single window online clearance portal.
25 September 2014.
Azad B
ukh
ari
Skill India
• Skill India is a flagship programme of government
of India it includes various initiatives of the
government like National Skill Development
Mission, National Policy for Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas
Yojana and the Skill Loan scheme.
• It has aim to impart skill to over 400 million people
by 2022.
• As per labor Bureau Report, 2014, the current size
of India’s formally skilled workforce is only 2
percent
15 July 2015
Azad B
ukh
ari
Skill India
• Education opens the door to lead a life of liberty
but skills make that liberty meaningful by allowing
one to achieve prosperity.
Azad B
ukh
ari
Objectives – to reduce or eliminate open defecation through the
construction of individual, cluster and community toilets.
Access of every person to sanitation facilities
Toilets
Solid and Liquid waste disposal system
Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) (SB Kosh)
Separate toilets for boys and girls in schools (S Vidalaya)
Village cleanliness(SB Urban) – ministry of urband dev
Safe and adequate drinking water supply (SB Grameen)
Reasi was first ODF block in Jammu and Kashmir
2 October 2014
Azad B
ukh
ari
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
• Clean India by 2 oct 2019
• Elimination of Open Defication
• Conversion of insanitary toilets to pour flush toilets
• Manual scavenging eradication
• Scientific disposal of Municipal solid waste
• Behavioral change in people
• Public toilets at tourist places, bus stands, railways
stations
Azad B
ukh
ari
Swachh Bharat Mission
• Gandhi was concerned about sanitation
• Shimla conference may 1945 – Gandhi ji discussed
sanitary problem of India
• SBA was first started in schools
Azad B
ukh
ari
• 2 July 2015
• The Digital India programme has been launched
with an aim of transforming the country into a
digitally empowered society and knowledge
economy.
• Digital India is implemented by the entire
Government and being coordinated by the
Department of Electronics & Information Technology
(DEITY).
Azad B
ukh
ari
The vision of Digital India is centered on three key
areas:
1. Infrastructure as a Utility to Every Citizen
High speed internet in all Gram Panchayats.
Safe and secure Cyber-space in the country.
2. Governance and Services on Demand
Government services available in real time from
online and mobile platforms.
3. Digital Empowerment of Citizens
Universal digital literacy
All digital resources universally accessible.
Azad B
ukh
ari
9 Pillars of Digital India
1. Broadband Highways
2. Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity
3. Public Internet Access Programme
4. e-Governance
5. E-Kranti – electronic delivery of services
6. Information for all
7. Electronics Manufacturing (target is net zero imports)
8. IT for jobs
9. Early harvest programs
• BBBP scheme for survival, protection & education of the girl
child.
• January 22 2015 – launched.
• issue of declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) [0-6year]
927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001
919 girls per 1,000 boys in 2011
• Ministries of Women and Child Development + Health and
Family Welfare + Human Resource Development
• To generate awareness and efficiency of delivery of services
Please Correct
SEX RATIO OF INDIA= 943 (2011) from 933 (2001)
SEX RATIO OF JK= 889(2011) from 891(2001)
CSR of JK 862 (2011) from 941 (2001)
Azad B
ukh
ari
Sukanya Samriddhi (January 22, 2015)
• Girl child prosperity scheme – it is a sub-component of BBBP
• Minimum Rs 1000 per year + multiples of 100
• 1.5 lakh/ year maximum
• below age of 10
• 9.1 % interest rate
• Matures at 21
• 50% can be withdrawn at 18 for education
• If a Village uses “innovative” methods to improve sex-
ratio, it’ll be given Rs.1 crore.
Azad B
ukh
ari
Soil Health Card
• 17 February 2015
• To help farmers to improve productivity from their
farms by letting them know about nutrient
requirement
• Complete evaluation of the quality of soil
• Corrective measures a farmer needs to take
• Last crop produce not mentioned on the card.
Azad B
ukh
ari
New Pension Scheme
• Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority
(PFRDA)
• Union Government created this body via an executive order.
(2003)
• New Pension Scheme launched in May 1, 2009
• For those who want to subscribe
• Even if they are not government employees
• A citizen of 18-60 years of age is eligible
• Permanent Retirement Account Number (PRAN) to citizens
• Who are mentally sound
Azad B
ukh
ari
New pension scheme contd…
• The minimum investment is Rs 6000 per year. There is no
upper limit on the maximum contribution per year. However,
each transaction done through NPS attracts cost (Rs 10
currently).
• Low commission to fund managers – 0.25 percent
• Swavalamban ( September 26, 2010 )
The government pays Rs. 1,000 every year for four years, if you open
a NPS account under the Swavalamban scheme
Azad B
ukh
ari
Swabhimaan ( Feb 15 2011 )
Provide banking facilities in remote rural areas
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ukh
ari
• Atal Pension Yojna was announced in Budget 2015-16 as an
upgrade to the Swavalamban scheme, which will now fold
into the new defined benefit pension scheme for the poor.
• Announced in Budget 2015-16
• For unorganized sector
• Boarded from age 18 to 40 and exit is at age 60.
• The government will match half the contribution of the
subscriber, or Rs.1,000, whichever is lower.
May 09, 2015
Azad B
ukh
ari
UDAAN Schemes
• 3 schemes
• 1. Uday Desh ka Aam Nagrik
• Regional Connectivity Scheme
• Launched by Ministry of Civil Aviation
• Revival of unserved & unserved Airports
• Selected Airlines to provide udaan seat 9-40. fare for
one hour journey 2500
• Maharashtra first state to sign MoU
Azad B
ukh
ari
UDAAN Schemes
• 3 schemes
• 2. By Ministry of Human Resource Development
• To give wings to girl child
• Aimed at addressing lower enrollment of girls in IITs
• Financial Assistance to girls during course time
• Ensuring Science and Math study at senior
secondary level
Azad B
ukh
ari
UDAAN Schemes
• 3 schemes
• 3. Special Industry Initiative for J&K
• Ministry of Home Affairs
• Provide exposure to youth of J&K to best of
corporate sector of India
• Provide skill enhancement and counter
radicalization.
• Implemented by NSDC
• Approval committee approves proposals taken at
website
Azad B
ukh
ari
PMSBY
• PM Suraksha Bima Yojana
• Government backed Insurance Scheme
• Available to people 18-70 with bank account
• Premium Rs 12 per annum
• Auto debited from account
• 2 lakh for death/full disability by accident
• 1 lakh for partial disability by accident
• Insurance Period is 1st june to 31st may every year
• PM Jeevan Jyoti Yojana 330 per annum for any death(18-50)
Azad B
ukh
ari
MUDRA Bank
• Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency
Bank
• A financial Institution set up by GOI for development
and refinance of micro unit enterprises
• Functions:
• Registration, regulation of MicroFinanceInstitutions
• Accreditation and rating of MFIs
• Loan Offerings:
Shishu
Upto 50,000 Kishor
From 50k to 5 lakh Tarun
5 lakh to 10 lakh
Azad B
ukh
ari
Queries?
Azad B
ukh
ari
Thank you
For any queries, feedback, questions, concept clearance etc.
Please feel free to contact me at
Toll free email [email protected]
Incoming on my Cell no 7051565629 / 9018888254 is absolutely free
Wishing you success and prosperity in your life
Azad B
ukh
ari
INDRADHANUSH
• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW)
has launched Mission INDHRADHANUSH on 25th
December 2014 with the aim of expanding
immunization coverage to all children across India by
year 2020.
• Immunization is the key to protect children from life
threatening conditions that are preventable.
• Diseases: measles, polio, pertussis, tetanus, TB,
diphtheria, hepatitis B
Thank You
Sustainable Development
• Meet the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Aza
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ari
Types
• Environmental
• Demands placed on the environment can be met without
reducing its capacity to allow all people to live well, now and in
the future.
• Economic
• The use of various strategies for employing existing resources
optimally so that a beneficial balance can be achieved in the
long run.
• Sociopolitical
• Processes and structures which not only meet the needs of
current members but also support the ability of future
generations to maintain a healthy community.
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People’s needs
• A home, a decent job, education of children, good health
care, safe and healthy neighborhood to live in
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Sustainable Development
• Green Revolution
• Second Green Revolution
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Green Revolution • Government investment
• Institutional finance in agriculture sector doubled from
1968 to 1973
MS Swaminathan
Papa of Green
Revolution in India
Ernest Borlaug
Papa of Green
Revolution Aza
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Negatives of Green Revolution
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More negative effects
Rise in feeling of regionalism divided the nation on
developing & backward states
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National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture(NMSA)
• Launched in 2011-12
• Enhancing food security, protection of resources such as
land, water, biodiversity, genetic resources etc
• And to make Indian agriculture more resilient to climate
change
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Second Revolution
• 1st green revolution focus
• Grains
• No focus on dry-land farming.
• Other issues
• For 2nd Green Revolution Support of technologies such as
Information Technology, Nanotechnology, Biotechnology,
Genetic Engineering, water efficient irrigation systems;
environment friendly pesticides, organic farming etc.
• Rainbow revolution
• Most ambitious idea in the agriculture sector of India ever.
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Second Green Revolution
• Horticulture, floriculture, sericulture, aquaculture,
plantation crops, medicinal crops, aromatic crops, spices,
• Massive crop diversification
• Taken into account from 11th five year plan
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But…
• Second Green Revolution currently remains as a concept
only. It has not translated into a reality so far.
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Sitaron Se Aage Jahaan Aur Bhi Hain
Abhi Ishq Ke Imtihan Aur Bhi Hain
Tu Shaaheen Hai, Parvaaz Hai Kaam Tera
Tere Saamne Aasmaan Aur Bhi Hain
Gaye Din Ke Tanhaa Thaa Main Anjuman Mein
Yahaan Ab Mere Raaz-Daan Aur Bhi Hain