national land governance monitoring system: ukraine denys nizalov, kyiv economics institute/ kyiv...
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NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM:
UKRAINEDenys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics
Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics
Land and Poverty Conference
Washington, DC, March 26 2014
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Overview
Monitoring System: general approach
Application: Case of Ukraine
Application: Case of Georgia (next
presentation)
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Background and Motivation
VG on the Responsible Governance of Tenure Declaration of political goals of improving food security and
poverty eradication by improving governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests (1.1).
LGAF “Diagnostic tool that is to be implemented at the local level in a
collaborative fashion, that addresses the need for guidance to diagnose and benchmark land governance, and that can help countries prioritize reforms and monitor progress over time”. (LGAF 2011)
LG Monitoring System – a tool that Keeps track of reforms implementation; Provides information for policy design and evaluation, and private
decision-making; Adds to transparency and accountability of LG; Contributes to GLII and SDG/2015.
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Key Principals
System of indicators Relevant to policy decision-making Low Cost Easy to implement and use Flexible
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Key Indicators
Base characteristics Groups Indicators :
1. The number of registered transactions;2. Share of agricultural/residential land registered
and mapped in women’s name;3. Receipts of land tax revenue;4. The share of communal, private, and state
land; 5. Cases of expropriation and privatization;6. The number of land-related conflicts in the
courts.
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System Characteristics
Scope – specific indicators (by ownership type; land use)
Scale – spatial aggregation: national, regional, sub-regional (municipalities, districts, etc.)
Time frequency – annual, semi-annual, quarterly
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Base characteristics
Characteristics: Total area (by ownership type; land use) Number of parcels Number of real estate units (residential/ non-
residential) Number of owners
Data requirements and potential sources: Complete coverage
Census or census-like statistical reports Land/real estate inventory Remote sensing technologies
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1. Registered transactions
Number of land sales Average price of land Area of land sold Number of first time land
registrations Total area of land
registered for the first time
Number of registered land rental agreements
Average rental price Area of rented in/out land
Number of first time real estate registration
Number of real estate sales (residential/non-residential)
Average price per sq. meter of real estate sales (residential/non-residential)
Number of mortgages
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2. Share of land registered and mapped in women’s name
Share of land registered in women’s name
Share of housing units registered in women’s name
Share of mortgages in women’s name Share of land sales in women’s name Share of housing sales in women’s name
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3. Receipts of land tax revenue Number of land tax payers Revenue from land tax Number of real estate tax payers Total revenue from real estate tax Revenue from land sales tax/fee Revenue from real estate sales tax/fee Revenue from other land related tax/fee
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4. The share of communal, private, and state land
Share of agricultural/ pasture/ forestry/in-land water/ residential/ public/ other types of land
Share of agricultural/ pasture/ forestry/in-land water/ residential/ public/ other land formally registered
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5. Cases of expropriation and privatization
Number of land expropriation cases Average compensation paid for expropriated
land Total area expropriated Number of land privatization cases Total area privatized Average compensation per hectare received by
state or local government for privatized land Number of privatized real estate
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6. The number of land-related conflicts in courts
Number of Land related cases filed in a local court during last year (by type of conflict)
Number of Land related cases resolved in a local court during last year
Number of Land related cases pending in a local court by the end of the year
Number of Land related cases pending for more than 1 year in a local court by the end of the year
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Data Source
Administrative data: Land Cadaster Land and Real estate Registry Tax authority Court Other agencies
Advantages: Records exist Relatively low cost once the routine is developed
Limitations: Difficult to access (legal restrictions, technical difficulty) Incompleteness
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Use of Monitoring System
Regular reviews (trend, level of indicators, cross group comparison, publication of indicators) – transparency of the system, supporting private investors’ decisions
Accountability of local governments (Competitive environment, investigation of outliers, targeting inspections and early problem identification)
Support evidence-based design of reforms and innovations (statistical analysis of responses and elastisities, establishing of relationships among various factors)
Reform monitoring (tracking the changes in the target/pilot areas), checking the benchmarks
Reform impact evaluation (assessment of reform’s impact on target indicators)
Contribution to LGII and MDG/2015
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Case of Ukraine
Application
Administrative-territorial System of
Ukraine
Ukraine:
25 regions (oblasts);
2 cities of special status –
Kyiv and Sevastopol;
159 cities and Towns;
490 rural districts (raions),
885 townships, and 28,457 villages.
2 Occupied territories
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Link with LGAF and WB Projects
LGAF 2013 Public provision of land information
Support of public access to land/property registry information Monitoring progress with other LGAF recommendations
Legal and institutional framework Land use planning, management, and taxation Management of public land Dispute resolution and conflict management Large-scale land acquisitions Forestry
Better use of the World Bank investments into the Cadaster and State Statistics
IDF Ukraine: monitoring and capacity development for evidence-based policy-making
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Background and Relevance to country-level policy processes
New Government - Reforms in Agriculture and Land Governance: De-regulation (export, land rental, etc.) Opening sales market for agricultural land
Strategy for Agricultural Development 2015-2020 Productive and sustainable use of land resources:
agricultural, urban, forestry Valuation and Taxation of land and real estate Productivity growth
Good Governance Principals: transparency, accountability
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Sources of data for land indicators
Indicator Actual sources (where & what)
Coverage; Quality issues
Base Characteristics
SALR stat. reportsPrivate land:31,425,568.0 (ha)Communal:13,078.9 (ha)State:28,778,090.8 (ha)
• Complete coverage• Sub-regional level• Annual• Discrepancies
w/Cadaster• Not available at
individual level
70.96%17.53%
2.60%
1.55%
5.64%
1.72%
Land Use, 2014
Agricultural
Forest
Service, recreational, residential
Industry, trans-portation, infra-structure, mining
Inland water
Other protected areas, no visible use
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Sources of data for land indicators
Indicator Actual sources (where & what)
Coverage; Quality issues
Privatization
SALRPrivatization (number of
people):Total: 12,864,371 (86.7% of
eligible)During 2013: 20,170
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Early findings and Policy implications
Findings The only category of land that is sufficiently well
documented and registered is Private Agricultural Land
There is a need to show practical usefulness of the proposed indicators for Government decision making
Policy implications Administrative reforms and approval of boundaries Need for Cadaster of Forest and Water resources,
Digitized Cadaster of Real Estate There is a need for unification of the Cadaster and
the Registry of property rights
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Emerging policy issues and gaps
Opening sales market for agricultural land
Urban planning State land management Land and real estate tax
Gap: No data available to design new
institutions and monitor their performance
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Implementation Issues
Technical Political
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Next steps
IDF Project High level Presentation of the Project and the
Monitoring System Updating Methodology Establishing collaboration with the new
Government Adding the need for monitoring and
transparency to the reform agenda Producing examples of policy-making based on
monitoring results Institutionalizing the Monitoring System