national personal protective technology laboratory

National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory

Technologies for Critical Incident Preparedness

8th Annual

NIOSH CBRN Respirator &NFPA Protective Clothing & Equipment

– Update

Bill HaskellPM for PPE Ensembles

NIOSH-NPPTL978-470-1211

[email protected]

NPPTL Year Month Day Initials BRANCH

To prevent work-related illness and injury by ensuring the development, certification, deployment, and use of personal protective equipment and fully integrated intelligent ensembles.

This will be accomplished through the advancement and application of personal protective technology standards.

National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL) Mission


•NIOSH is the research institution for occupational safety and health within DHHS

•Legislative authority for respirator approval regulations exist in the Mine Safety and Health Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970)

•NIOSH publishes respirator approval regulations under Title 42, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 84 (42 CFR 84)

•Respirators must be maintained and used in approved configurations according to the approval documents

•NIOSH develops use guidance documents

Respirator Approval Regulations42 CFR Part 84


• OSHA and MSHA are the enforcement agencies within DOL

• Legislative authority for respirator use regulations exist in the Mine Safety and Health Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act

• OSHA publishes respirator use regulations under Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.134 (29 CFR 1910.134)

• Employees are to be protected from hazardous workplace materials above OSHA-established exposure limits

•OSHA develops use guidance documents

Respirator Use Regulations29 CFR Part 1910.134


• Workshops/Committee Meetings− NIOSH-DOD-OSHA Chemical-Biological

Respiratory Workshop & Report (March 1999)

− Interagency Board Standards & PPE Committees

• Cooperation among NIST, RDECOM, OSHA, NIOSH, NFPA, and DHS

• Define collaboration for CBRN standards development

• IAA’s with NIST and RDECOM

• Initial and continuing funding from DHS

• RDECOM technical support for testing

CBRN Standards Development


• Chemical (gases, vapors, liquids, & particulates)

− Chemical warfare agents

− Toxic industrial chemicals/Toxic industrial materials (TIC/TIM)

• Biological (particulates)

− Micro organisms (disease-causing bacteria and viruses) and biological toxins

CBRN Agents Definitions: C & B


• Radiological (particulates)

− Particulates carrying radiation dispersed by a radiological dispersive device (RDD) or “dirty bomb”IED

• Nuclear (particulates)

− Particulates carrying radiation dispersed from a detonation involving nuclear fuel, a nuclear weapon, or a weapon’s component

CBRN Agents Definitions: R & N


CBRN Respirator StandardsCompleted and Planned

• Standards Completed− SCBA – January 2002− SCBA Upgrades – March 2003− Gas Masks (APR) –March 2003 − Escape Masks – Sept 2003

• Standards in Development

− PAPRs (Two Step Approach)− Closed-circuit SCBA− Integrated SCBA/PAPR− Integrated SCBA/APR

Next Public Meeting: 12-13 Oct 2006


CBRN SCBA Standard

• Chemical, Biological, Radiological,and Nuclear (CBRN) Standard for Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus, December 28, 2001

• Three tiers of technical requirements− 42 CFR Part 84 NIOSH approval

− National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1981 SCBA compliance

− Special NIOSH CBRN tests:

• Laboratory protection level

•Chemical warfare agent tests (GB & HD)

• 60 Plus CBRN SCBA approvals — 6 manufacturers


CBRN Air-Purifying Respirator (Gas Mask) Standard

• Standard published April 4, 2003• Public process/docket comments

Joint effort with U.S. Army RDECOM (SBCCOM)− Define respirator requirements− Develop test proceduresMajor responder needs:

− APR Multi-hazard protection− GB/HD/TIC/LRPL tested− Create interchangeable conditions for

canisters to use common threads− Light weight, small size, left or right side

can


CBRN Air-Purifying Respirator (APR)

All of the following conditions must be met

• Types of inhalation hazards and concentrations have been identified

• CBRN canister is capable of removing the hazard

• Oxygen is known to be at least 19.5% by volume

• Contaminant concentrations are non-IDLH

• Canister change schedule is required forgas/vapors

Photo courtesy of MSA


Canister interoperability

• Crisis Provision!!− Possible by the requirement of

standardized threads and interfaceconnectors

− Assembly with a canister other than specified in the approval assembly matrix is not in its NIOSH-approved configuration

− Decision to proceed with interoperability is the responsibility of the incident commander or other commanding authority under crisis conditions

CBRN Air-Purifying Respirator (APR)

Photo courtesy of Survivair


3M FR40B

3M FR-7800B Avon FM12

MSA Millenium

MSA Ultra Elite

North Safety 54501Survivair Opti-Fit

NIOSH CBRN Certified Air-Purifying Respirators (APR’s)Gas Masks

Scott CBRN M120


CBRN Escape Mask Standard

• Statement of Standard for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Air-Purifying and Self-Contained Escape Respirator dated September 30, 2003

• Threat analysis, site-specific

• Escape strategy examples

− Exit immediately

− Progress to designated area

− Shelter in-place


NIOSH CBRN Air-Purifying Escape Respirators (APES)

MSA Safe Escape

North Safety ProductsER2000

ILC DoverSCape CBRN30

Not approved under flammability,heat resistance and carbonmonoxide protection option


CBRN PAPR StandardsCBRN PAPR

• Concept initiated in September 2003

• Standards concepts are located at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/standardsdev/cbrn/

• CBRN Standard requirements for tight-fitting Facepiece & Hooded PAPR’s− Multi-hazard protection including P100 level

particulate

− Chemical warfare agent testing (vapor and liquid)

− Has above IDLH escape-only capacity


CBRN Standards Implementation

CC-SCBA, SAR, and Combination Units (SCBA/PAPR and SCBA/APR) to be finalized in one CBRN module to be released through formal rulemaking processes

Follow on public meeting to address content of CBRN module late spring 2006

Target date to begin rulemaking process by end of 2006

-- 18 to 21 months to implementation following initiation of rulemaking processes

CBRN SCBA User Guide Training Aid December 9, 2005

Tabk of Contents

page

F o m r d lii

Acknowladgmena iv

S t q i I) CBRN Agsnt Approved labels I

Smp 2) R q u i d Cmpllancs labels 3

Step 3) NIOSH Cautions and Limitations 5

Step 4) CBRN Respirator Use We (CRU) 8

Step 5) User Instructions (UI) 9

Smp 6) Facepiece Indicadons of Concern 10

Step 7) Decontamination I I

Append be A: SCBA S c h d c I2


Inhalation Gases, Vapors& Aerosols

DermalAbsorption IncreasesBy Skin Damage& Warm Weather

Personal Protective Equipment – Work as a System to ProvideInhalation and Dermal Protection (masks, garments, gloves & boots)

Tested & Certified as a System!


CBRN: An abbreviation for chemicals, biological agents and radiological particulates hazards.

CBRN Terrorism Agents: Chemicals, biological agents, radiological particulates which could be potentially released as an act of terrorism. (See Chemical Terrorism Agents, Biological Terrorism Agents, Radiological Particulate Terrorism Agents)

Chemical Terrorism Agents: Liquid, solid, gaseous, and vapor chemical warfare agents and dual-use industrial chemicals used to inflict lethal or incapacitating casualties as a result of a terrorist attack.

Biological Terrorism Incident: Liquid or particulate agents that can consist of biologically derived toxin or pathogen used to inflict lethal or incapacitating causalities as a result of a terrorist attack

Radiological Particulate Terrorism Agents: Particles that emit ionizing radiation in excess of normal background levels used to inflict lethal or incapacitating casualties as a result of terrorist attack.


TCC Fire & Emergency Services Protective Clothing/Equipment

TC on Emergency Medical Services Protective Clothing/Equipment

TC on Special Operations Protective Clothing/Equipment

TC on Structural Firefighting Protective Clothing/Equipment

TC on Electronic Safety Equipment

TC on Hazardous Materials Protective Clothing/Equipment

TC on Wildland Firefighting Protective Clothing/Equipment

TC on Respiratory Protective Equipment

NFPA Fire and Emergency Services Project Committees


Relevant NFPA Standards

• NFPA 1971 – Protective ensemble for structural fire fighting

• NFPA 1981 – Open-circuit, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

• NFPA 1991 – Vapor-protective ensemble for hazardous chemical emergencies

• NFPA 1994 – Protective ensemble for biological/chemical terrorism incidents


• NFPA 1991, Vapor Protective Ensembles for Hazardous Materials Response • NFPA 1994, Protective Ensembles for CBRN Terrorism Incidents

Note: Major Revision – Release Aug 2006• NFPA 1971, Structural Firefighting Protective Ensembles• NFPA 1976, Proximity Firefighting Protective Ensemble

Note: 2006 Edition for 1971 will cover both structural and proximity FF protective ensembles in one document and include chem/bio option

• NFPA 1981, Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)Note: Proposed Revision – Mandatory CBRN & Interoperability of Cylinders/Valves

• NFPA 1982, Personal Alert Safety Systems – Issue of Heat Effects on Audible Alarm• NFPA 1951, Technical Rescue (US&R) Protective Ensembles -• NFPA 1999, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Protective Clothing & Equipment• NFPA 1977, Wildland Firefighting Protective Clothing and Equipment• NFPA 1851, Selection, Care & Maintenance (SCAM) for Structural & Proximity PPE

Note: Mandates Ensemble Certification with NIOSH CBRN Respirators

NFPA PPE Standards


Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Protective Clothing and Equipment

Current NFPA Standards:

1991 Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensembles for HazardousMaterials Emergencies, 2005 Edition (OSHA Level A)

• Chem/Bio Option made mandatory in 2005 Edition

• 1994 Class 1 (Fully Encapsulated Ensembles Moved to 1991)

1994 Standard on Protective Ensembles for Chemical/Biological Terrorism Incidents, 2001 Edition

• Class 1• Class 2• Class 3


DTAPS NFPA 1994 Class 2GEOMET Technologies, LLC

Lion Apparel, IncNFPA 1994 Class 2

MT-94 FSFire Service

Lion Apparel, IncNFPA 1994 Class 2

MT-94 LELaw Enforcement

NFPA 1994 Class 2 Ensembles, 2001 Edition

Must be certified with NIOSH CBRN SCBAspecified by the manufacturer


Dupont 1994 Class 3

Kappler 1994 Class 3

Sigmon Group 1994 Class 3

NFPA 1994 Class 3 Ensembles, 2001 Edition

Must be Certified with NIOSH CBRN Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) as Specified by the Manufacturer


Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Protective Clothing and Equipment

1994 Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders to CBRN Terrorism Incidents, 2007 Edition

Class 2, 3 & 4 dermal protection aligned for use of appropriate NIOSH – CBRN Respirators (SCBA & APR)

Class 2 and 3 (Class 2 – SCBA, Class 3 – APR)• Man-In-Simulant-Test (MIST Vapor) – Full Ensemble Test • Permeation/Penetration Swatch Testing – Revised Challenges• Breathability Requirement – Long duration wear (Class 3 Only)

(New technologies to market)

Class 4 – New Class Biological/Radiological Particulate Protection• Particulate Test – Full Ensemble Test (Research Triangle Institute)• Breathability Requirement• Low Cost


Chemical Permeation Resistance TestNFPA 1994 Standard

2001 Edition Proposed 2006 Edition

Liquids LiquidsSarin – GB Soman - GDMustard – HD Mustard - HDLewisite – L Acrolein V Agent – VX AcryonitrileDimethyl sulfate – DMA Dimethyl Sulfate - DMA

Gases: (1000 ppm) Gases: (350 ppm)Ammonia AmmoniaChorine ChorineCyanogen chlorideCarbonyl chlorideHydrogen cyanide


Man-in-Simulant Test (MIST)NFPA 1994 Class 2 & 3

MIST Test procedure has been accepted by ASTM F23 ProtectiveClothing Committee for development into an ASTM Test Method

Based on MIST TOP 10-2-022 (Full Ensemble Test)

Tested with respirator specified by manufacturer • Class 2 – NIOSH CBRN SCBA• Class 3 – NIOSH CBRN APR (Gas Mask)

Local Physiological Protective Dosage Factor (PPDF)Onset of Symptoms Exposure Dosage (OSED)

• Region Specific


Particle Inward Leakage TestNFPA 1994 Class 4 Ensemble

Aerosol Systems Tests


Project HEROES® Scope

Program for materials development and ensemble design to provide an ensemble to meet NFPA 1971 and Class 2 NFPA 1994 requirement

Homeland Emergency Responder Operational & Equipment System


Technical Challenge

Provide CBRN protection in a structural fire fighting ensemble

Meet both NFPA 1971 (structural fire fighting) and NFPA 1994 (WMD/terrorism)


• NFPA 1851 Standard on Selection, Care and Maintenance of Structural Fire Fighting Protective Clothing and Equipment – 2001 Edition (Revision On-going)

• NFPA 1981 Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus for Fire and Emergency Services – (Revision Effective Date Jan 2007)

• NFPA 1852 Standard on Selection, Care and Maintenance of Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus – (Revision Effective Date Jan 2007)

• NFPA 1982 Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS) – Jan 2007

- Performance issues raised by NIOSH FFFIPP team on audible alarm

- User issues related to moisture, shock & vibration related failures

- NPPTL lead task group that developed new test methods for next edition

- Effective Date Jan 2007)

NFPA PPE Standards Update


• NFPA 1951 Standard on Protective Ensembles for USAR Operations – 2001 Edition

Proposed Revision:

New Title: NFPA 1951 Standard on Protective Ensembles for Technical Rescue Operations – 2007 Edition

Three Ensemble Categories: (All with mandatory breathability requirement)

1) Utility – Physical Protection & Limited Flame 2) Rescue & Recover – Utility plus Blood Borne Pathogen3) CBRN – Utility, Rescue & Recovery plus CBRN (CBRN APR)

• NFPA 1999 Standard on Protective Clothing and Equipment for Emergency Medical Operations – 2003 Edition

Proposed Revisions (2008):

Address Medical First Receiver Protective Clothing & Equipment

Add protection against biological terrorism hazards (CBRN APR)

Improved Criteria for Emergency Medical Protective Clothing – Tech Branch

NFPA PPE Standards Update


Revisions & Proposed New NFPA PPE Standards

NFPA 1952 Standard on Protective Clothing and Equipment for Surface Water Operations (2008)

Surface Water Wet Suit: Close-fitting permeable garment, commonly made of neoprene, that perserves body heat by trappingwater between the suit and the body (diving).

Surface Water Dry Suit: Multi-layer laminated garment that provides exposure protection using a waterproof, breathable fabric with water-tight seals at the neck and wrists and a watertight zipper. Garmentprovides for limited contaminated water protection.

Surface Water Ice Suit: Garment that provides thermal and floatationprotection for extreme cold water conditions. Regulated as an immersionor survival suit under 46 CFR 160.171.


Quality Partnerships Enhance Safety and Health


Quality Partnerships Enhance WorkerSafety & Health

Thank youBill Haskell

PM for PPE [email protected]

Visit Us at: http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/default.htmlDisclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this presentation have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.


Harmonization of Chemical/BiologicalProtective Clothing Standards

Background:

The proper selection of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for emergency responders must be based on anticipated or identified hazard. These Levels are described in the OSHA Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Services Standard (HAZWOPER), 29 CFR 1910.120, Appendix B as follows:

Level A - To be selected when the greatest level of skin, respiratory and eye protection is required.

Level B – The highest level of respiratory protection is necessary but a lesser level of skin protection is needed.

Level C – The concentration(s) and type(s) of airborne substances is known and the criteria for using air-purifying respirators are met

Issues:

These levels do not set minimum performance criteria required for CBRN threats such as chemical permeation resistance and also physical properties.


CBRN Protective Clothing Designations“The Issue”

Both OSHA Level B

EnsemblesSCBA

NFPA 1994Class 1

(Level A)CBRN SCBA

NFPA 1994 Class 3

(Level C)CBRN APR

Encapsulating

Non-Encapsulating

Design & Tested to CBRN Hazard Based Performance Requirements


CNFPA 1994 Class 3 with NIOSH CBRN APRBNFPA 1994 Class 3 with NIOSH CBRN SCBACNFPA 1994 Class 2 with NIOSH CBRN APRBNFPA 1994 Class 2 with NIOSH CBRN SCBAANFPA 1994 Class 1 with NIOSH CBRN SCBAANFPA 1991 with NIOSH CBRN SCBA

OSHA/EPALevel

Ensemble Description Using PerformanceBased Standards

Comparison of PPEOSHA Levels to NIOSH CBRN Respirator

and NFPA Ensemble Standard Combinations

national personal protective technology laboratory

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