national perspective of open access: botswana
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Regional Workshop on Benefits of Open Access for Research Dissemination, Usage, Visibility &
Impact
National Perspective of Open
22nd - 23rd November 2010, Pretoria, South Africa
Mogodisheng B.M. SekhwelaResearch Quality Management
OFFICE OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
University of Botswana
National Perspective of Open
Access: Botswana
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Recognitions
� Grateful to have been invited
� Sponsors:
� Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAF)
Eifl� Eifl
� UNESCO
� University of Botswana for the permission and
support
� Hopefully more enlightenment on how best to
speed up open access by end of workshop
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Open Access in Botswana: Historical Context
� Botswana gained independence in 1966
� Anthropological Research Act enacted 1967
� Govern the pursuit of research, but prompted by the ‘over-researching’ of the San in Kalahari
� Monitor research, in particular on the San
� Obligation of researcher to deposit research results & findings at designated repositories: National Library, National Archives and University of Botswana Library - Support Open Readership
� Research Permit REQUIRED for research.
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Historical Context Cont.:
� Researchers mainly from outside Botswana
140
160
180
200
Pe
rmit
s A
pp
rove
d
Research Participation Trends
Figure 1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1966-76 1977-79 1983 1984-1987
Pe
rmit
s A
pp
rove
d
Period
Locals
Expatriates
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Dissemination: Whose Knowledge?
600
800
1000Books
ChaptersIn_Prep
1995-03Figure 2
E.g. University of Botswana Research Outputs
0
200
400
Journal Articles
Conf_PapersOther_Publication
Dissertation
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Office of Research and Development
Revision/
Improvement
No
(suggestions)
Figure 3
Research Proposal
Review Process
Funding
ORD Funds
No
(suggestions)Yes
Yes
Qu
ality
Imp
rovem
en
t an
d M
an
ag
em
en
t
FacultyOutside
Offic
e o
f Re
se
arc
h (O
RD
)
Ethics Reviews
Pe
er re
vie
ws
Institutional Control of Outputs
Source: Sekhwela, 2006, SARIMA
ORD Research
Progress
Teaching &
Training
Administrative
Reports
Research Output
Publication
s
Research Report
Outputs
DatabaseDevelopment/Client
Commercialization
Qu
ality
Imp
rovem
en
t an
d M
an
ag
em
en
t
Publishers
Peer Reviews
Offic
e o
f Re
se
arc
h (O
RD
)
UB Control
Pu
blis
hers
Co
ntro
l
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Dissemination: Whose Content?
� Quality in Research = High Quality Publication
Book
UB: 2004-07 Figure 4
0200400600800
1000Book
Book Chapter
Non Refereed Journal
Non Refereed Papers in …
Refereed Journal
Refereed Paper in Conference
Other Publications
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Research to Inform Nationally & Globally(Botswana)
� National Developments:� Food and Energy Production Systems
� Sustainable Development Paths
� Etc.
� Aspirations: VISION 2016� Aspirations: VISION 2016� Informed and Innovative Nation
� Wealthy and Healthy Nation – HIV/AIDS fight
� Global Climatic & Environmental Changes -DROUGHTS
� Etc.
� ALL EYES ON UNIVERSITY RESEARCH!!
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Research in ‘Public Focus’
� Knowledge is critical for sustainable development in the competitive global economy (Ramphele, 2004)
� Application of knowledge to inform practice and policy is growing, confidence in quality of and policy is growing, confidence in quality of research and information generated (Boaz, ud).
� Knowledge is ‘public good’ that every research is expected to contribute
� Research is about knowledge generation, and increasing mandatory dissemination of publicly funded research
Sekhwela (SARIMA, 2006)
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Initiatives for Research & Innovation
� Draft Botswana Science and Technology Policy 1998
� Public and private sector partnership initiatives
� Botswana National Research Science & Technology Plan (2005) – Competitive research Technology Plan (2005) – Competitive research suppliers
� New Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST) approved
� Botswana Innovation Hub (BIH) (2006)– UB regarded as a partner
� New Tertiary Education Policy (2008) – Knowledge & Innovation for national development
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Research Drive & Accountability
� Need to access existing body of knowledge
� High cost to access current knowledge.
� Realisation that knowledge is generated by researchers, but transferred to Publishers
� Knowledge becomes ‘CONTENT’ controlled by � Knowledge becomes ‘CONTENT’ controlled by content creators
� Quality of research is assured by researchers through peer review processes ‘free’ to content creators?
� Further knowledge generation constrained by content creators’ high pricing to access!
� Knowledge generators push for cheaper access
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Open Access: Whose Content?
Grey literature: Unpublished reports - Repositories
White literature: Published research – owned by
publishers.
� Quality assured
� Reputable knowledge
� Highly valued
� Various format/media
� Cost involved
� What does Open Access mean then?
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Situation in Botswana
� Open Access still just the obligatory reposition of research reports
� UB lead institution like other Universities worldwide that are pushing for Open Access to its own research publicationspublications
� Recently held national awareness raising workshop on Open Access
� However, UB still to develop clear Open Access policy
� Institutional Repository policy – Open Access mentioned.
� Policy implementation ongoing: University of Botswana Research, Innovation & Scholarship Archive (UBRISA)
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UB: Research Publications Availability
� Institutional Repository
� Archive
� Access to information
� International VISIBILTY and Impact
� Marketing
� Capabality
� Capacity
� Etc.
� University of Botswna Research, Innovation & Scholarship Archive (UBRISA) (http://ubrisa.ub.bw)
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UBRISA Impact
� UB visibility
� Access to UB research outputs
� Statistics on use/access (hits) of UB
research outputs
� Source of UB research for official purposes
� Collections/communities to attract more
collaborations and partnerships
� Outputs from ongoing research work
� ETC
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RMS & UBRISA Online Systems
� Research Information
� Funding data
� Research Data Analysis
� Research Information accessResearch Information access
� University research outputs stored and accessible
� Researcher outputs monitoring
� University research visibility enhanced
� Overall research output in pursuit of institutional goals – eg. Excellence tracked!
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Own UB Content: Journals, etc.
Figure 5
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Other Strategic Links: PMS
UB Vision: Strategy
For Excellence
University Research
Strategy
Figure 6
Source: Sekhwela, 2009
Strategy
Research Management
SystemUBRISA
PMS
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EndEnd
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THANK YOU