national space institute technical university of denmark tles: combining observations, simulations,...
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![Page 1: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark
TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument
Technical Aspects
Torsten Neubert
National Space Institute
Technical University of Denmark
![Page 2: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Overview
• Introduction– CAL/Europe– Space missions– Ground Campaigns
• Highlights of studies since last workshop– The source of sprites– The process of sprites– Effects of sprites on the atmosphere
• Lessons learned– Combinations of new instrumentation– The Internet is marvellous– Where are the blue jets?
• Preparations for TARANIS and ASIM– Models– Lab experiments– Campaigns
![Page 3: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Overview
• Introduction– CAL/Europe– Space missions– Ground Campaigns
• Highlights of studies since last workshop– The source of sprites– The discharge process of sprites– Effects of sprites on the atmosphere
• Lessons learned– Combinations of new instrumentation– The Internet is marvellous– Where are the blue jets?
• Preparations for TARANIS and ASIM– Models– Lab experiments– Campaigns
![Page 4: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkCoupling of Atmospheric Layers
• EU Research Training Network– 2002-2006– 10 young scientists– 11 research institutions in Europe
• Theme:– ”Do sprites affect the atmosphere or are they just beautifull like
rainbows”
• Strategy:– To combine new combinations of instrumentation and methods
• Outcome:– New science– Establish collaborations across Europe and across disciplines– The ASIM and TARANIS space missions
![Page 5: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark ASIM and TARANIS
• Complementaty missions for studies of thunderstorm processes in the stratosphere and mesosphere
• ASIM: for the International Space Station (ESA)
• TARANIS: microsatellite (CNES)
• Both: Launch 2012
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark
Ground Observations
![Page 7: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Overview
• Introduction– CAL/Europe– Space missions– Ground Campaigns
• Highlights of studies since last workshop– The source of sprites– The discharge process of sprites– Effects of sprites on the atmosphere
• Lessons learned– Combinations of new instrumentation– The Internet is marvellous– Where are the blue jets?
• Preparations for TARANIS and ASIM– Models– Lab experiments– Campaigns
Neubert. T. et al., Recent Results from Studies of Electric Discharges in the Mesosphere, submitted to Surveys in Geophysics
![Page 8: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Overview
• Introduction– CAL/Europe– Space missions– Ground Campaigns
• Highlights of studies since last workshop– The source of sprites– The discharge process of sprites– Effects of sprites on the atmosphere
• Lessons learned– Combinations of new instrumentation– The Internet is marvellous– Where are the blue jets?
• Preparations for TARANIS and ASIM– Models– Lab experiments– Campaigns
Neubert. T. et al., Recent Results from Studies of Electric Discharges in the Mesosphere, submitted to Surveys in Geophysics
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark VLF signatures and Sprites
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark IC discharges
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkThe E- field in the Mesosphere
• (A) 110 kA, 0.2 ms; 20 C; 200 Ckm• (B) 30 kA, 0.2 ms + 2 kA, 90 ms; 70 C; 700 Ckm
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Source summary
• The complete cloud discharge, including the IC components, are important for sprite morphology and location
• Modelling of the E-field in mesosphere is well underway• Valdivia, Cho and Rycroft, Steve Cummer ... and others
![Page 13: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Overview
• Introduction– CAL/Europe– Space missions– Ground Campaigns
• Highlights of studies since last workshop– The source of sprites– The discharge process of sprites– Effects of sprites on the atmosphere
• Lessons learned– Combinations of new instrumentation– The Internet is marvellous– Where are the blue jets?
• Preparations for TARANIS and ASIM– Models– Lab experiments– Campaigns
![Page 14: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark
10 kHz (Stenbaek-Nielsen)
Sprite at High Speed
20 Hz
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Field Amplification in
Streamers
• The electric field is amplified in streamer tips
• Ek = background threshold field for streamer ignition
• Streamers may propagate in fields smaller than Ek
• Ecr- ~Ek / 2.5
• Ecr+ ~Ek / 6
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Comparison of Optical
Luminosity
• From 10 kHz imaging:– Streamer head: 109 - 1011 R
• PIC:– E=1.5 Ek
– Streamer head: 1.4 x 109 R
• Simulations are consistent with observatiions of the initial stage of the discharge.
Log Max Emisson Rate [R]9
8
7
6
2P1P1N
PIC 0-40 s
Stenbaek-Nielsen, grl 20080-2200 s
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark
Properties of streamers at 70 km from PIC simulations
• Electric field: ~1.5 – 3.0 Ek• Conductivity: ~1 mS/m• Initial phase:
– Current density: ~100 mA/m2
– Energy deposition: ~10-5 J/m3/s
• Grown phase: ~100 times larger current (Steenbæk-N)• Sprite current = 1 kA Energy deposition: ~1 J/m• Sprite current = 10 kA Energy deposition: ~100 J/m
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Energetic electrons in
Streamers
![Page 19: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Overview
• Introduction– CAL/Europe– Space missions– Ground Campaigns
• Highlights of studies since last workshop– The source of sprites– The discharge process of sprites– Effects of sprites on the atmosphere
• Lessons learned– Combinations of new instrumentation– The Internet is marvellous– Where are the blue jets?
• Preparations for TARANIS and ASIM– Models– Lab experiments– Campaigns
![Page 20: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Infra sound from sprites
• Infra sound (1-10 Hz) observations give information on energy deposition into the neutral atmosphere
• Global network is part of Comprehensive Nuclear Testban Treaty Verification Programme
• Several stations are in France
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Sprite thunder at
1500 km distance
Sprite observed over Corsica on August 25 at 21:50:22.065
(Ip = +59.5 kA, +63.2 kA). Pressure perturbations and sonogram of infrasound observed at the Flers station 300 km North-West of Paris.
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Energy deposition
• Estimates have varied from MJ – GJ• Comparison with BOMB calculations: GJ• Pasko et al. based on infrasound obs: MJ-range• PIC simulations suggest MJ range
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Probing the mesosphere
and lower ionosphere
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark EMP/ELVE pertubations
• Early fast• Caused by
lightning EMP
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark IC/sprite perturbations
• Early-slow perturbation
• Caused by IC lightning electric fields and sprite
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Perturbations to the
mesosphere/ionosphere
• Models of perturbations from EMP and elves quite good (Inan group)
• IC discharges again showing up• Difficult to distinguish between effects of sprites and
fields radiated by the causative lightning activity.
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Perturbations to the
Chemistry
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Chemical effects of Sprites
• Significant effects of NO (and ozone) inside streamers• Small regional effects above severe thunderstorms• Negligable global effects
![Page 29: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Overview
• Introduction– CAL/Europe– Space missions– Ground Campaigns
• Highlights of studies since last workshop– The source of sprites– The discharge process of sprites– Effects of sprites on the atmosphere
• Lessons learned– Combinations of new instrumentation– The Internet is marvellous– Where are the blue jets?
• Preparations for TARANIS and ASIM– Models– Lab experiments– Campaigns
![Page 30: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Lessons learned
• Combinations of new instrumentation• The Internet is marvellous• Where are the blue jets?
![Page 31: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Overview
• Introduction– CAL/Europe– Space missions– Ground Campaigns
• Highlights of studies since last workshop– The source of sprites– The discharge process of sprites– Effects of sprites on the atmosphere
• Lessons learned– Combinations of new instrumentation– The Internet is marvellous– Where are the blue jets?
• Preparations for TARANIS and ASIM– Models– Lab experiments– Campaigns
![Page 32: National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark TLEs: Combining Observations, Simulations, Theory and Instrument Technical Aspects Torsten Neubert](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649eb05503460f94bb6262/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
National Space InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkIs our understanding of the mesosphere
above thunderstorms adequate?
100-200 km
10-15 km
70 km
In situ measurements in the mesosphere are difficult
Density and conductivity profiles?Small-scale irregularities?
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Some model development
• Electric field– EMP+QE– IC+CG
• The discharge process– Small scale coupled to large scale– Relativistic
• Effects on small-scale perturbations
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Laboratory
• X- and Gamma-rays from discharges
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Campaigns
• IC+CG lightning mapping• High-speed optical observations• Spectral observations of chemistry• Observations of ionisation/conductivity perturbations• Triangulation• Observations above thunderclouds
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National Space InstituteTechnical University of Denmark New Science
• Already new insights into the nature of electric discharges
• Lightning represents and ”active” experiment probing the stratosphere and mesosphere. Understanding TLEs will give us a new tool to study the mesosphere, the least known region of the atmosphere