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National Urban Transport

Programmes and Policies

Stefan Bakker

GIZ Consultant, sjabakker@gmail.com

Sustainable Urban Transport and Climate Change training,

Hanoi 14 January 2016

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International Review of National

Urban Transport Policies and

Programmes

Brazil

Colombia

France

Germany

India

Mexico

United Kingdom

United States of America

Available for download in English

and Chinese from

www.sustainabletransport.org

Financing Sustainable Urban Transport

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Financing

Technical

Capacity

Planning

Institutions

Framing national urban transport policies

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From central to decentral

National Government

Focused programme with

technical requirements,

e.g. MRT

Mass transit project

(BRT/ LRT/ Suburban trains)

National Government

Urban transport fund

Centralised System Decentralised System

State or municipal governments

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Many different transport projects

based on local needs

State or municipal governments

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Germany: National Level Funding

Sources

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Federal Local Transport

Financing Law (GVFG)

• Started in 1971 as part of a

major upgrading in transport

infrastructure

• Focus on investments

• Co-financing transport

projects by 75% (for East

Germany up to 90%)

• Co-financing large scale

local rail infrastructure (> 50

mln Euro) by 60%

Federal Regionalized

Transport Law (RG)

• Started in 1993 jointly with

major railway reform

• Focus on operational

subsidies mainly for regional

rail

• 6.5 billion Euro (currently)

• Channeling all funds to the

provinces/Länder (according

to a share based on the

number of inhabitants)

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Provides funds (e.g. from fuel taxes) to provinces for specific programmes and projects

Defines criteria such as cost-benefit analysis, environmental impact assessment, public participation etc.

Regulates market access of transport operators and minimum standards

Require comprehensive mobility plans from cities

Provide funds to cities and identify projects

Fund regional railways such as S-Bahn (tendering services)

Initiate Regional Transport Associations (Verkehrsverbund)

Plan and finance infrastructure projects (with support from provinces) based on regional public transport plans

Tender public transport services and define quality criteria in service contracts

Subsidies local transport operators

Issue special tickets to students and senior citizens

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Split of Responsibilities across Government Levels

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Funding shares

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Lessons learned

Reliable national funding is needed to foster urban sustainable

transport

National urban transport policies and funding have been essential in

creating comprehensive public transport systems in many countries

No one size fits all – funding schemes evolve as capacities grow

Capacity development for comprehensive mobility planning is required

The maintenance trap

Tap additional revenues for sustainable urban transport in parallel to

national funding schemes: TDM, land value capture und reduction of

fuel subsidies

Explore NAMAs to foster national urban transport policies and financing

mechanisms

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Additional slides

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China Transit Metropolis Programme

• Framed by Transit Priority Policy

• Encourages and supports cities in improving their public transport

systems, inter-modal integration, and TOD.

• Activities in 37 pilot cities.

• National level defines indicators, nominates pilot cities, approves of city-

level activities and takes decisions on funding provided.

• The Ministry of Transport also organises capacity development and

peer-learning events on an annual basis.

• Implementation of the measures themselves sole responsibility of cities.

• MOT supported by various (state-owned) research institutes

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China Transit Metropolis Programme

The impacts of the Transit Metropolis Programme result from:

■ The definition of transit system requirements and the provision of co-

finance for the improvement and expansion of public transport (and non-

motorised transport) infrastructure;

■ The requirement of an integrated transport plan, which should

enhance integrated transport planning and thereby increase the

attractiveness of multimodal public transport, leading to higher mode

shares of public transport and reduced car use; as well as spurring travel

demand measures to limit private car use;

■ Provision of co-finance for the improvement of bus technologies,

leading to improved fleet efficiencies.

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3 Leverage Points to Move Ahead

Combination of national-provincial-local

sustainable funding mechanisms

• Chinese National Urban Low Carbon Transport Fund

• Land-use/property taxes & transit oriented development

• Transport demand management strategies

Comprehensive mobility planning

• Consolidating existing guidance and policies into a national urban

transport policy

• Link funding to comprehensive mobility plans

• Provide capacity building and performance monitoring

Coordinate responsibilities

• Great potential of regional transport alliances for regional integrated

transport services

• Unify responsibilities under transport bureaus (including rail)

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