NationalismNationalism

Nationalism EmergesNationalism Emerges• NationalismNationalism

= the idea that people’s loyalty = the idea that people’s loyalty should be to their nationshould be to their nation

WHY DID THIS EMERGE?WHY DID THIS EMERGE?Revolutions!!!!Revolutions!!!!

1)1)Desire for gov’t of the people Desire for gov’t of the people (Enlightenment values)(Enlightenment values)

2)2)Remove foreign control or Remove foreign control or oppression oppression (i.e. Latin America, (i.e. Latin America, Greece, American colonies)Greece, American colonies)

3)3)Identification w/culture Identification w/culture (did not (did not want to assimilate to foreign culture)want to assimilate to foreign culture)

Elements of a Nation-StateElements of a Nation-State

• Nation = a group of Nation = a group of people unified by a people unified by a common culture, common culture, ethnicity, values or ethnicity, values or languagelanguage– Example: Iroquois Example: Iroquois

• State = a political or State = a political or geographic location geographic location where a government where a government is sovereignis sovereign– Example: USA, FranceExample: USA, France

The Nation-StateThe Nation-State• Nation-state Nation-state

– Shared bondsShared bonds• TerritoryTerritory• LanguageLanguage• HistoryHistory• Cultural valuesCultural values• NationalityNationality

– Designated political Designated political boundariesboundaries

– Own independent Own independent gov’tgov’t

What unites people under What unites people under Nationalism? Nationalism? USA as ExampleUSA as Example

• Territory – Territory – American soil includes 48 contiguous American soil includes 48 contiguous states, AL, HI, island territories states, AL, HI, island territories

• Language – Language – primarily English primarily English

• History – History – foundations through Amer. Revolution, foundations through Amer. Revolution, Constitution, Civil War, Civil Rights Movement, etc. Constitution, Civil War, Civil Rights Movement, etc.

• Culture – Culture – values of freedom, democracy, values of freedom, democracy, individuality, equality; Western fashion, etc.individuality, equality; Western fashion, etc.

• Religion – Religion – religious freedom (original settlers who religious freedom (original settlers who escaped persecution) escaped persecution)

• Nationality – Nationality – identification as American creates identification as American creates common tie between groupscommon tie between groups

Results of Nationalism Results of Nationalism Positive ResultsPositive Results• Overcame Overcame

differences for differences for common goodcommon good

• Overthrow of Overthrow of colonial rulecolonial rule

• Democracy!!!Democracy!!!• Spurred scientific & Spurred scientific &

technological technological advancementsadvancements

Negative ResultsNegative Results• Forced assimilation Forced assimilation

of minority cultures of minority cultures to majority – to majority – examples?examples?

• Ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing (genocide)(genocide)

• Extremism – Extremism – examples?examples?

• WarfareWarfare

Nationalism – Unity or Disunity? Nationalism – Unity or Disunity? • Empires that divided or fellEmpires that divided or fell

– Collapse of Ottomans (after WWI)Collapse of Ottomans (after WWI)• Greeks assert their independenceGreeks assert their independence

– Austria splits into Austria-HungaryAustria splits into Austria-Hungary– Russia (Romanovs fell during WWI)Russia (Romanovs fell during WWI)

Nationalism – Unity or Disunity? Nationalism – Unity or Disunity? • States that unifiedStates that unified

– ITALYITALY• Count Camillo di CavourCount Camillo di Cavour• Giuseppe Garibaldi & “Red Shirts”Giuseppe Garibaldi & “Red Shirts”

– GERMANYGERMANY• Otto von Bismarck & “Realpolitik”Otto von Bismarck & “Realpolitik”

Shift in PowerShift in Power

• Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna had established five had established five great powers of great powers of equal strengthequal strength

• However….However….– European balance of European balance of

power breaks downpower breaks down