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 The Kaswenta Wampum BeltRepresentation of the Peace Between the Haudenosaunee & the Dutch

 A Background of White Wampum Beads Represents a River 

 Two Lines of Purple Wampum Beads Represent Vessels Traveling on the River Each Vessel Carries with it the Laws, Traditions, Customs, Languages & Spiritual Beliefs of Each Nation

In One Vessel are the HaudenosauneeIn the Other Vessel are the Dutch

c. 1613

(Haudenosaunee -Kanien’kehá:ka Onkwawén:na Raotitióhkwa Language and CulturalCenter. Adapted and edited by Teiowí:sonte)

REPRODUCTION

Need Illustration of Original

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Native American Wampum Belt Delivered by the Indians to William Penn at the “Great Treaty” Under the Elm Tree at Shackamaxon, in 1682

(Pennsylvania Historical Society)

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Native American Wampum Belt Delivered by the Indians to William Penn at the “Great Treaty” Under the Elm Tree at Shackamaxon, in 1682

(Atwater Kent Museum)

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 Wampum Belt - LenapePresented to William Penn, the Founder of Pennsylvania 

Confirmation of the Treaty and Sale of Landc. 1680s

(National Museum of the American Indian, Washington, DC)

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 The Aionwá:tha or Hiawatha Wampum BeltSignifying the Formation of the Iroquois Confederacy 

Mid 18th Century of Older Symbols

Each of the 5 Nations is Represented by a Symbolic LonghouseOn the Right: The Mohawks - Keepers of the Eastern Door 

On the Left: The Seneca - Keepers of the Western Door  To the Second Right & Left: The Oneida & Cayuga 

In the Center: The Onondagas - The Firekeepers(Haudenosaunee)

REPRODUCTION

Need Illustration of Original

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Northeast Woodlands Wampum Belt - “The Jesuit Missionary Belt” Council Hearth in Center, Lamb on the Right, Dove on the Left, Greek Crosses at the Ends Symbolizing the Trinity

c. Late 17th Century (Pitt Rivers Museum)

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Northeast Woodlands Wampum Belt - “The Double Calumet Treaty Belt” 

Likely Relates to a Treaty Between the Huron (Wendat) Confederacy & the Tobacco (Tionontate) Nation in 1637 (Pitt Rivers Museum)

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Northeast Woodlands Wampum Belt - “The Double Calumet Treaty Belt” 

Likely Relates to a Treaty Between the Huron (Wendat) Confederacy & the Tobacco (Tionontate) Nation in 1637 (Pitt Rivers Museum)

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Northeast Woodlands Wampum Belt - “The Four Nations Alliance Belt” with Procured Machine Made BeadsRecords the Alliance Between the Wyandot, Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Potawatomi Tribes

 When the Wyandot Moved from Lake Superior to Detroit c. 1710 - 1720(Pitt Rivers Museum)

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Northeast Woodlands Wampum Belt - “The Peace Path Belt” 

Date Unknown - Possibly 18th Century (Pitt Rivers Museum)

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Northeast Woodlands Wampum Belt - Worked with “1766” 

Possibly a Record of the Agreement Between William Johnson and Chief Pontiac at the End of Pontiac’s War c. 1766(Pitt Rivers Museum)

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Northeast Woodlands Wampum Belt 

18th Century (Pitt Rivers Museum)

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 Wampum Belt 

c. 1775 - 1800(Musee du Quai Branley)

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Iroquois Wampum Belt 

c. 1600 - 1800(The British Museum)

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Iroquois or Delaware Wampum Belt 

c. 1600 - 1820(The British Museum)

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Iroquois or Delaware Wampum Belt 

c. 1600 - 1820(The British Museum)

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Northeast Region Wampum Belt 

c. 1775 - 1800(Alexander Gallery - www.splendidheritage.com)

http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/

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Northeast Region Wampum Belt 

c. 1775 - 1800(Alexander Gallery - www.splendidheritage.com)

http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/

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Iroquoian or Algonquian Wampum Belt 

c. 1600 - 1800(The British Museum)

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Iroquoian or Algonquian Wampum Belt 

c. 1600 - 1800(The British Museum)

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Iroquoian or Algonquian Wampum Belt 

c. 1600 - 1800(The British Museum)

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Section of a Northeast Region Wampum Belt 

c. 1600 - 1850(The British Museum)

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Northeast Region, Possibly Iroquoian, Wampum Belt 

c. 1600 - 1850(The British Museum)

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Northeast Region, Possibly Iroquoian, Wampum Belt with Bu!  Colored Wool Cloth & Printed Cottonc. 1700 - 1800

(The British Museum)

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Northeast Region Wampum Belt or Sash

c. 1600 - 1830(The British Museum)

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Northeast Region Wampum Belt or Sash

c. 1600 - 1830(The British Museum)

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Northeast Region Wampum Belt or Sash

c. 1600 - 1830(The British Museum)

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Northeast Region Wampum Belt or Sash

c. 1600 - 1830(The British Museum)

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Northeast, Probably Iroquois, Wampum Belt 

18th Century (Peabody Essex Museum)

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Northeast, Probably Iroquois, Wampum Belt 18th Century 

(Peabody Essex Museum)

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Eastern Woodlands, Possibly Huron - Wendat, Wampum Belt c. 1650 - 1780

(McCord Museum)

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Huron - Wendat, Wampum Belt c. 1600 - 1650

(Museum of the American Indian - Smithsonian)

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Native American Wampum Belt c. 1760

(Blair Castle)

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Eastern Woodlands Wampum Belts

18th - Early 19th Century (McCord Museum)

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Eastern Woodlands Wampum Belts

18th - Early 19th Century (McCord Museum)

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Native American Wampum Belt from the Leverian Museum Owned by Sir Ashton Lever (1729 - 1788)

In an Album of 40 Watercolors Drawn by Sarah Stone c. 1780(The British Museum)

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Native American Wampum Belt from the Leverian Museum Owned by Sir Ashton Lever (1729 - 1788)

In an Album of 40 Watercolors Drawn by Sarah Stone c. 1780(The British Museum)

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Native American Wampum Belt from the Leverian Museum Owned by Sir Ashton Lever (1729 - 1788)

In an Album of 40 Watercolors Drawn by Sarah Stone c. 1780(The British Museum)

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Native American Wampum Belt from the Leverian Museum Owned by Sir Ashton Lever (1729 - 1788)

In an Album of 40 Watercolors Drawn by Sarah Stone c. 1780(The British Museum)

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 Tribe of the Ojibwa-Chippewa - Eastern Ojibwa, Ott awa? Garters / Garter Penda nts

c. 1775 - 1800(Alexander Gallery - www.splendidheritage.com)

http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/

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Iroquoian or Algonquian Imitation Wampum Glass Bead Garter From the Studio of the Artist Benjamin West 

Depicted in “The Death of General Wolfe” c. 1700 - 1770

(The British Museum)

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 Algonquian “Garter” of Heavy Smoked Moose Skin & Quill - Wrapped Birch Bark From the Studio of the Artist Benjamin West 

Depicted in “The Death of General Wolfe” c. 1700 - 1760

(The British Museum)

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 Algonquian “Garter” of Heavy Smoked Moose Skin & Quill - Wrapped Birch Bark From the Studio of the Artist Benjamin West 

Depicted in “The Death of General Wolfe” c. 1700 - 1760

(The British Museum)

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 Algonquian “Garter” of Heavy Smoked Moose Skin & Quill - Wrapped Birch Bark From the Studio of the Artist Benjamin West 

Depicted in “The Death of General Wolfe” c. 1700 - 1760

(The British Museum)

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Iroquoian or Algonquian Finger Woven Garter, Strap, or Bag StrapFrom the Studio of the Artist Benjamin West 

c. 1700 - 1770(The British Museum)

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Iroquois or Algonquian Loom Woven Imitation Glass Bead GartersFrom the Studio of theArtist Benjamin West 

c. 1700 - 1770(The British Museum)

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Iroquois or Algonquian Loom Woven Imitation Glass Bead GartersFrom the Studio of the Artist Benjamin West 

c. 1700 - 1770(The British Museum)

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Iroquois or Algonquian Loom Woven Imitation Glass Bead GartersFrom the Studio of the Artist Benjamin West 

c. 1700 - 1770(The British Museum)

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Eastern Woodlands GartersCollected by Lieutenant, Sir John Caldwell, O"cer of H.M. 8th Regiment of Foot c. 1774 - 1780

(Canadian Museum of History - Speyer Collection)

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Eastern Woodlands Garters - Ojibwa or AnishnaabeCollected by Lieutenant, Sir John Caldwell, O"cer of H.M. 8th Regiment of Foot c. 1774 - 1780

(Canadian Museum of History - Speyer Collection)

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Eastern Woodlands Garter Collected by Lieutenant, Sir John Caldwell, O"cer of H.M. 8th Regiment of Foot c. 1774 - 1780

(Canadian Museum of History - Speyer Collection)

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Eastern Woodlands Garter - Northern Ojibwa & CreeCollected by Lieutenant, Sir John Caldwell, O"cer of H.M. 8th Regiment of Foot c. 1774 - 1780

(Canadian Museum of History - Speyer Collection)

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Northeast, Possibly Algonquian, Garter or Arm BandFrom the Studio of the Artist Benjamin West 

Depicted in “William Penn’s Treaty with the Indians” (1771)c. 1600 - 1750

(The British Museum)

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Iroquoian or Algonquian Finger Woven Garter or Belt c. 1600 - 1900

(The British Museum)

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Native American Fingerwoven Garter from the Leverian Museum Owned by Sir Ashton Lever (1729 - 1788)In an Album of 40 Watercolors Drawn by Sarah Stone 1784 (In Pencil)

(The British Museum)

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 Tribe of the Ojibwa-Chippewa Strapc. 1775 - 1800

(Womack Collection - Splendid Heritage)

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Central Algonkian - Southern Grea t Lakes Sashc. 1775 - 1800

(Alexander Gallery - www.splendidheritage.com)

http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/

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Finger Woven Sash of Wool, Hemp, Glass Beads, Metal Cones Porcupine Quills and Moose or Deer Hair c. 1775 - 1800

(McCord Museum)

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Finger Woven Sash of Wool, Hemp, Glass Beads, Metal Cones Porcupine Quills and Moose or Deer Hair c. 1775 - 1800

(McCord Museum)

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Iroquois or Mohawk Finger-woven Sash (Ceinture Fléchée)c. 1765 - 1766

(McCord Museum)

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Native American Sashc. 1775 - 1800

(The Eugene and Clare Thaw Collection of American Indian Art - Fenimore Art Museum)

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Eastern Woodlands Ceinture FléchéeCollected by Lieutenant, Sir John Caldwell, O"cer of H.M. 8th Regiment of Foot c. 1774 - 1780

(Canadian Museum of History - Speyer Collection)

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Eastern Woodlands SashCollected by Lieutenant, Sir John Caldwell, O"cer of H.M. 8th Regiment of Foot c. 1774 - 1780

(Canadian Museum of History - Speyer Collection)

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Ojibwa Sash of Aronsenc. 1700 - 1750

(Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield, Massachusetts)

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Eastern Woodlands SashCollected by Lieutenant, Sir John Caldwell, O"cer of H.M. 8th Regiment of Foot c. 1774 - 1780

(Canadian Museum of History - Speyer Collection)

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Eastern Woodlands SashCollected by Lieutenant, Sir John Caldwell, O"cer of H.M. 8th Regiment of Foot c. 1774 - 1780

(Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)

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Native American Fingerwoven Sash with Beads from the Leverian Museum Owned by Sir Ashton Lever (1729 - 1788)In an Album of 40 Watercolors Drawn by Sarah Stone c. 1780

(The British Museum)

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Northeastern Quahog Shell Wampum Wr istbands (Iroquois)c. 1775 - 1800

(Alexander Gallery - www.splendidheritage.com)

http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/

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Northeastern Quahog Shell Wampum Wristbands (Mohawk)18th Century 

(Musée du quai Branly)

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North American Wampum Bead Ornament Possibly Ottawa or Algonquian

c. 1700 - 1820(The British Museum)

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North American Wampum Bead Ornament Possibly Ottawa or Algonquian

c. 1700 - 1820(The British Museum)

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North American Wampum Bead Ornament Possibly Ottawa or Algonquian

c. 1700 - 1820(The British Museum)

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North American Wampum Bead Ornament Possibly Ottawa or Algonquian

c. 1700 - 1820(The British Museum)

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Northeast Region Wampum Necklacec. 1775 - 1800

(Alexander Gallery - www.splendidheritage.com)

http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/http://www.splendidheritage.com/

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Eastern Woodlands Shell Gorget c. 1750

(Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield, Massachusetts)

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Captain Bull’s War Party, Recreated

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Eastern Woodlands, Iroquois or Mohawk, Necklacec. 1780 - 1800

(McCord Museum)

x

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Eastern Woodlands String of Beadsc. 1560 - 1630

(McCord Museum)

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Eastern Woodlands, Possibly Iroquois, Wampum String of Beadsc. 1765 - 1830

(McCord Museum)

x

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Eastern Woodlands, Huran - Wendat, Wampum String of Beads1791

(McCord Museum)

x

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Eastern Woodlands Wampum Necklace1791

(McCord Museum)

x

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 Abenaki Chain of Glass & Stone Beads, Catlinite, & Sinew c. 1760 - 1850

(McCord Museum)

x

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Eastern Woodlands Rosary Beadsc. 1765 - 1830

(McCord Museum)

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Eastern Algonquian Wampum Belts & StringsFrom the Collection of Josiah Harmar, Brigadier General to the United States Army 

Commander of the Northwest Territory from 1784 - 1791(Clements Library)

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Native American Pipestone Beadc. 1690 - 1770

(The Eugene and Clare Thaw Collection of American Indian Art - Fenimore Art Museum)

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 Trade Beads from Coweeta Creek (Cherokee) Qualla Phase18th Century 

(University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

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 The material contained within these slideshows is presented for educational purposes only. The18th Century Material Culture Resource Center does not personally own any of the itemsdepicted herein and is indebted to the countless museums, libraries, and private collectors who

 willingly share their collections with the public through the internet. Every attempt has beenmade to credit these organizations and individuals for their contributions as best as possible.

If there is a question you have regarding a particular item featured within a presentation, pleasecontact the 18th Century Material Culture Resource Center and we will try to answer yourinquiry as best as possible. If for any reason you feel there is any item that should not bepresented here, or if there is an error in any listing, or if you know the source for any item whose

credit is unknown, please inform us and we will make sure your concern is addressed as soon aspossible.

 Thank you!