Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Native Americans from Texas

By Laurie Hill

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Outline

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

ObjectivesBy the end of this power point, I would like my students to be able to…– Understand where the Indians came from

first– Understand the different areas of Texas

Native Americans lived– Be able to identify the type of food, clothing,

and housing the Indians used– Identify unique attributes of certain tribes

…in order to make their own PPT!

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The First Americans• It is thought that most Native Americans are

descendents from people that crossed over from Asia to America on a land bridge– the Bering Land bridge.

• As the world's glaciers and ice sheets melted over the following millennia, rising sea level flooded the land bridge.

This picture demonstrates the diminishing of the bridge over thousands of years

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Migration Paths

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Comanche• Migrated from Wyoming• Hunters and gatherers• Used the horse for their main

source of transportation and food-getting

• “Well dressed”– The Comanche leaders often wore

fine European clothes, with many silver conchos and fine leather boots.

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Comanche• Lived in tee-pees• Good warriors and

traders (although, thieves)

• Often spoke more than one language Click here for more i

mportant facts

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Wichita• Semisedentary

lifestyle – farms and villages,

but also moved around

• Fall would migrate west to go on a buffalo hunt

• In spring lived in grass huts in villages– grew maize,

pumpkins, squash, beans and plums

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Wichita• Tattoos— “raccoon-eyed people”• Wore clothes made of tanned hides• Men: shirts, loin cloths and leggings• Women: dresses that reached from their chin

to their ankles• Moccasins

• Elk teeth were very valuable – trade items with neighboring tribes

Click the picture for more info

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Caddo• Lived in piney areas of East Texas

– Grass huts like the Wichitas• Farmers

– corn, beans, squash and other crops • Set fires in the woods to burn away

clearings to farm

• Women would gather wild plant food like acorns, black berries

• Men would travel in hunting parties for buffalo

• Buffalo robes

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Caddo• Texas is a Caddoan word

– It means "those who are friends"– The Tejas Caddo tribes were all

"friends”• Made bows and arrows out of bois

de arc wood

• Made axes to cut down trees• Beautiful pottery

Click the ax for more information

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Lets Review!1. Where is it thought that the first

humans that came to America came from?

2. Where did the Comanche Indians live? The Wichita? The Caddo?

3. What kind of house did the Comanches live in? The Wichita? The Caddo?

4. Which Native Texans were hunter/ gatherers?

5. Which were farmers?6. What does “Tejas” mean?

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Tonkawa• “The people of the wolf”

– Believed descended from mythical wolf

• Totemic belief system– each clan had a mythical animal or

spirit to guard themClick the picture or the wolf on the next slide for more information.

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Tonkawa• Tattooed bodies• Hill country of central Texas

– Shared land with the Karankawa and Coahuiltecan

• Friendly, but enemies with Comanche and Apache tribes

• Hunted and gathered food– Fish, deer, blackberries

• Lived in huts, wickiups and tee-pees

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Apaches• Migrated to Texas from Canada• “Apache” is probably Zuni which means

“enemy”– The Apache and Navajo called themselves the Dine– Dine in Apache or Navajo means "the people”

• Built wickiups and teepees• Semi-sedentary

– Farmed and hunted

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Apaches• Wore leather boots and wide cloth

headbands• After the horse, stopped farming to

hunt• Pushed further south by Comanche

– Two groups: Lipan and Mescaleros

• Sought refuge in Spanish missions but treated like slaves

• Geronimo- famous leader of the Mescalero Apaches– 1870s- led a famous raid in southern

New Mexico and far west Texas

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Karankawa• Galveston and Corpus Christi area• Food= fish fish fish!• Clothing

– Men: breach cloths or nothing at all– Women: grass skirts

• Lived in wickiups during the winter• Got around in canoes

– Could hold a family and all their possessions

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Karankawa• Larger than most

Native Americans at 6’

• Often unfairly labeled as cannibals

Click on the fish for more information on the Karankawa culture

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Coahuiltecan• Many similar groups of Indians in

the same area– called the Coahuiltican Indians out of

convenience • South Texas, Eastern Mexico

• Hunters and gatherers until people started to come to America

• “Dirty and smelly”– Diseases– Became extremely poor

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

The Coahuiltecan• Wickiups,

sometimes• Little clothing, if

any• Made sandles out

of lechuguilla plants

Click the cactus for more info.

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Jumano• West Texas• Farmers

– grew corn, beans and squash

– grew cotton for clothes and blankets

• Adobe houses

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Jumano• Clean and neat• Men shaved their

heads except for at the top

• Traders• Supposedly naked

except for when it was cold- wore blankets

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Lets Review!1. What did the Tonkawa Indians call

themselves?2. Which Native Texans lived in adobe houses?3. How did the Karankawa clans get around?4. Why were the Coahuiltecan clans “dirty and

“smelly”?5. What Indian heritage was Geronimo? 6. What type of homes did the Tonkawa,

Apache, Karankawa, Coahuiltecan, and Jumano Indians live in?

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Before you go to the next slide, see if you can remember

where these Native Texans lived! When you get to the next slide, try to guess the names in order before you

click.

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Comanche

Caddo

1

2

6

5

43

7 8

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Now that you have learned briefly about Native Americans, you can make your own, more interesting

(and more fun) power point!

Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

Bibliography(Incomplete)

www.texasindians.comhttp://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?keyword=st9%20beringhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/parcs/atlas/beringia/lbridge.htmlhttp://instaar.colorado.edu/QGISL/bering_land_bridge/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bering_Land_BridgeIndians Who Lived In Texas, Hendrick-Long Publishing, 1981