Native Ornamental Flora of Pakistan

Muhammad Behzad Rafiq2009-ag-2684

Bot-715

Natives• Naturally occurring plants in a particular region.

• Developed, naturalized or existed for many years in an area.

• Part of natural landscape of that area due to:– Evolution– Seed dispersal by birds, animals, wind, or water.

• Many native plants are very beautiful but underused in landscape or as cut flowers.

Potential of Pakistan Native Ornamental Species

• Diversity of flora and climate of comparable size

• 6000 native species of flowering plants reported in Flora of

Pakistan found wildly in different phytogeographical

regions

• Acclimatized well in our regions

• Easily grow with minimal care and less water, fertilizer and

pesticide.

• The only need is to collect and commercialize them.

• Patent Rights and registration

Gwarikh (Wild Tulip)• B.N: Tulipa uniflora • Family: Liliaceae

• Diagnostic featuresHerb annual, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap shape

waxy leaves, 12-20 inch plant, cup shape flower, 3 sepals, 5 petals, red and yellow of colors• Habitat

Climate with long cool spring and dry summers, Dormancy period, 3-4ft deep• Distribution

Salt range and Baluchistan (Quetta) • Importance

Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for cooking, dry bulb powder

Jangli Piaz (football lily) • B.N: Allium capsicum• Family: Liliaceae

• Diagnostic featuresHerbs annual, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap shape

leaves, 12-20 inch plant, Umbel flower, like foot ball, purple in colour• Habitat

Climate with long cool spring and dry summers, Dormancy period, 3-4ft deep• Distribution

Salt range and Baluchistan (Quetta) • Importance

Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for cooking, medicine

Karoskai• B.N: Berberis baluchistanica• Family: Berberidaceae

• Diagnostic featuresPerennial shrub, lobed leaves, cluster of

flowers in yellow colourHabitat

dry regions• Distribution

Baluchistan, Punjab• Importance

Ornamental plant, antibacterial, treatments of Escherichia coli, stimulate digestion, reduce gastrointestinal pains

Poppy (post)• B.N: Papaver dubium• Family: Papaveraceae• Diagnostic features

Herbs annual, pinnately lobed leaves, solitary cup shape flower, red in colour• Habitat

Subtropical, temperate well drained soil• Distribution

Baluchistan, northern areas• Importance

Landscape plant, tea, oil, extracted from the seeds, used by artists as a medium for colours, red dye, drugs, medicine

Somlatha• B.N: Ephedra distachya• Family: Ephedraceae• Diagnostic features

Evergreen shrub growing to 1 m, Branchlets green, ascending, striate, smooth, flowers cluster obtuseHabitat

Semi-desert and desert regions Distribution

provincial flower of the BalochistanImportance

ornamental, tea, treatment of asthma, hay fever, and the common cold, relieve acute muscular pains

Gul-e-Nargis (Wild Narcissus)• B.N: Narcissus poeticus• Family: Amaryllidaceae

• Diagnostic featuresHerbs perennial, bulbiferous, Leaves

basal, linear, 12-20 inch plant, hollow stem, actinomorphic solitary flower, white and yellow, • Habitat

Temperate climate, Dormancy period, low marshes to rocky hillsidesDistribution

Northern areas, Murree, Islambad, Importance

Cut flower, bedding plant, fragrant, salad, bulbs for cooking, medicine

(Wild Iris)• B.N: Iris hookeriana• Family: Iridaceae

• Diagnostic featuresHerbs perennial, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap

shape waxy leaves, 12-20 inch plant, blue and white solitary flowers• Habitat

Temperate to subtropical, alpine measows• Distribution

Murree, Islambad, Hazara, Chitral• Importance

Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for cooking, juice for cosmetics,

Monks hood• B.N: Aconitum chasmanthum• Family: Ranunculaceae

• Diagnostic featuresTall herb perennial, leaves 3-lobed with

coarse sharp teeth, 2 to 4 petal blue flowers, 3-5 carplesHabitat

Temperate, moisture-retentive but well-draining soils• Distribution Kashmir, Kaghan, Chitral, Gilgit in august• Importance

Landscape plant, roots provide poison, use for hunting, use in medicines

Delphinium• B.N: Delphinium roylei• Family: Ranunculaceae

• Diagnostic features4 m tall herb perennial, leaves deeply

lobed , blue flowers, erect racemed inflorence, Habitat

Temperate, well-draining soils• DistributionSawat, Hazara, Kaghan, Chitral, Murree in august, plains of punjab in march• Importance

Landscape plant, Cut flower, roots provide poison, treat intestinal worms, as a sedative to cause relaxation.

Granny's Bonnet• B.N: Aquilegia fragrans• Family: Ranunculaceae

• Diagnostic featuresHerb perennial, leaves compound, solitary

flowers, purple, white, blue noddingHabitat

Temperate, meadows, wetlands• DistributionSawat, Hazara,, Chitral, Murree in august, Importance

Landscape plant, flowers are sweets use in salads, tea, treatment of affections of the nervous system

Butter cup• B.N: Ranunculus acris • Family: Ranunculaceae

• Diagnostic featuresAnnual herb, lobed leaves, solitary

flowers, yellow, white, red etc, Habitat

Temperate, high alpine environments• DistributionSawat, Hazara, Chitral, Murree in august, Importance

Landscape plant, cut flower, ongoing (chronic) skin problems, nerve pain and bronchitis.

Peony• B.N: Paeonia emodi• Family: Paeoniaceae• Diagnostic features

50 cm tall shrub, white and yellow flowers solitary, 10 petals, • Habitat

Moist, shady slopesDistribution

Chitral, Sawat, kaghan, Hazara, KashmirImportance

Ornamental plants, medicinal plant used in the treatment of hypertension, asthma, uterine diseases, used as an anticoagulant.

Sophora• B.N: Saphora mollis• Family: Fabaceae• Diagnostic features

Small tree, yellow flowers in clusters, seeds pods are like legumes • Habitat

Temperate, subtropical, shady areas• Distribution

Salt range, Islambad, Murree, Naran, Kaghan, ChitralImportance

ornamental plant, woody cut flower, hedge, screening, specimen plant

Blue Ppppy • B.N: Meconopsis aculeate• Family: Papaveraceae• Diagnostic features

Prickly perennial herb, 40-60 cm tall, radical leaves, solitary cup shape flower, blue in colour• Habitat

Temperate, shade, alpine rocks, steep places• Distribution

Hazara, Gilgit, Chitral, SawatImportance

Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, anti-inflammatory

Musk Rose• B.N: Rosa brunonii• Family: Rosaceae• Diagnostic features

Shrub with usually climbing stems up to 10 m long, narrowly ovate leaves, serrated margins, flowers in cluster, white, • Habitat

Temperate, marshy araes• Distribution

Murree, Northern areas of pakistanImportance

ornamental plant, hips tea, oil,

Azalea• B.N: Rhododendron ponticum• Family: Ericaceae• Diagnostic features

small tree growing to 5 m, leaves are evergreen, 6 to 18 cm long and 2 to 5 cm, violet-purple flower, with small greenish-yellow spots• Habitat

Temperate, alpineDistribution

provincial flower of the Azad jammu Kashmir, Murree, Kaghan ValleyImportance

ornamental tree, rootstock, toxic

Chir• B.N: Pinus roxburghaii• Family: Pinaceae• Diagnostic features

30–50 m long tree, bark is red-brown, scales, male and female cone• Habitat

Temperate, slopes mountains, • Distribution

North-West Frontier Province, Azad Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, MurreeImportance

Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture

Juniper• B.N: Juniperus excelsa• Family: Cupressaceae• Diagnostic features

6–20 metres tall tree, broadly conical to rounded or irregular crown, needle-like leaves, cones are berry-likeHabitat

Temperate, slopes mountains, • Distribution

North-West Frontier Province, Azad Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, MurreeImportance

Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture, seed and leave oil

Silver Fir• B.N: Abies pindrow• Family: Pinaceae• Diagnostic features

40–60 metres talltree, conical crown with level branches, greyish-pink needle leaves, cones• Habitat

Temperate, hills, slopes mountains, • Distribution

North-West Frontier Province, Azad Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, MurreeImportance

Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture

Deodar• B.N: Cedrus deodara• Family: Pinaceae• Diagnostic features

40–50 metres tall tree, conical crown with level and drooping branches, bright green to glaucous blue-green needle leaves, cones• Habitat

Temperate, hills, slopes mountains, • Distribution

North-West Frontier Province, Islamabad, MurreeImportance

Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture

Chinar• B.N: Platanus orientalis• Family: Platanaceae• Diagnostic features

30 m tall tree, spreading crown. Maple like deeply lobed leaves, cones• Habitat

Temperate, hills, slopes mountains, • Distribution

North-West Frontier Province, Islamabad, MurreeImportance

ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture, construction, roofing

Whorl flower• B.N: Morina longifolia• Family: Morinaceae• Diagnostic features

evergreen Perennial growing to 0.6 m, flowers are hermaphrodite, leaves have spinesHabitat

open slopes, sami shadeDistribution

provincial flower of the NWFPImportance

ornamental, stem, leaves and flowers are used in the treatment of stomach disorders such as indigestion giving rise to vomiting and nausea.

Bhekkar• B.N: Justicia adhatoda• Family: Acanthaceae• Diagnostic features

Shrub with lance-shaped leaves 10 to 15 cm, oppositely arranged, smooth-edged, and borne on short petioles, white flowersHabitat

Subtropical, Dry plains• Distribution

provincial flower of the PunjabImportance

Ornamental, leaves contain alkaloids, bronchodilator, acting as a respiratory stimulant to help breathing issues.

Water crowfoots• B.N: Batrachium trichophyllum• Family: Ranunculaceae

• Diagnostic featuresAquatic , needle like leaves, white and

yellow flower, 5 petals• Habitat

wetlands, ponds• Distribution

Northern Punjab, NWFP, northern BaluchistanImportance

Part of natural landscape, water gardens

Water lily• B.N: Nymphaea mexicana• Family: Nymphaeaceae

• Diagnostic featuresAquatic , sub orbicular leaves floating on

water level, white yellow flowers, • Habitat

fresh water• Distribution

Punjab, Sindh, Kashmir• Importance

Part of natural landscape, water gardens, symbol, antiseptic, treatment of diarrhea, sedative effect on the nervous system

Kanwal (Lotus)• B.N: Nelumbo nucifera• Family: Nymphaeaceae

• Diagnostic featuresAquatic , orbicular leaves above the water

level, white pink flowers, • Habitat

wetlands, ponds• Distribution

Punjab, Sindh• Importance

Part of natural landscape, water gardens, edible, salads, fibers, symbol

Water hyacinth• B.N: Eichhornia crassipes• Family: Pontederiaceae

• Diagnostic featuresAquatic , sub orbicular leaves floating on

water level, light purple solitary flowers, • Habitat

Mashie areas, ponds• Distribution

Punjab, provisional flower of Sindh, Kashmir• Importance

Part of natural landscape, water gardens, symbol, poisonous, use in medicine

Lantana• B.N: Lantana camara• Family: Verbenaceae• Diagnostic features

small perennial shrub which can grow to around 2m in height, small tubular shaped flowers 4 petals, make cluster, leaves are egg-shaped have hairs• Habitat

subtropical, full sunDistribution

Punjab, drought areas of BaluchistanImportance

ornamental plant, leaves are boiled and applied for swellings and pain of the body. Bark is use as lotion for skin diseases

Jangli Khajoor• B.N: Phoenix sylvestris• Family: Arecaceae• Diagnostic features

4 to 15 m in heighted tree, leaves are 3 m long, gently recurved, inflorescence grows to 1m with white, unisexual flowers, fruit ripens to a purple-red colour• Habitat

Subtropical, dry areas• Distribution

Sindh, Punjab Importance

ornamental plant, fruit, mates, bags

Kair• B.N: Capparis decidua• Family: Capparaceae• Diagnostic features

small much branched tree or shrub, Leaves present on young twigs, orange to brick red colour flowers, spines • Habitat

desert, dry conditions,• Distribution

Thal deserts, Dry regions of Punjab Importance

ornamental plant, fruit in pickles, as vegetable, folk medicine,

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