nato psos (isaf) and defence economics issues dr. szenes zoltán csc zm ndu department of security...
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NATO PSOs (ISAF) and Defence Economics Issues
Dr. Szenes Zoltán CScZM NDU Department of Security and
Defence Policy
Conference on Peace Support Operations and Defence Economics. 29 May 2008
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NATO: Level of Commitment
20072002
Bosnia
Kosovo
OAE
NRFConcept
OAE
Kosovo
Afghanistan
Baltic &Slovenian
Air policing
HumanitarianRelief
NRF FOC
PPs
Iraq
AfricaBalkan NHQ
DefenceReformBosnia
1996
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Force Providers to the ongoing PSOs
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
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INTEGRATED MILITARY STRUCTURE
NATO RESOURCE PILLARS
BUDGETS
AGENCYBUDGETS
CIVILBUDGET
MILITARYBUDGET
NSIP
FIXEDINFRASTRUCTURE
DEPLOYABLESTRATEGICEQUIPMENT
MANPOWER
CIVILIANMANPOWER
MILITARYMANPOWER
NATO’s three resource pillars
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National and NATO resources
• Nations spend: – 2.7% of GDP on defence
• Of this nations spend:– 0.44% on NATO (MB 0.17%)
• What does this buy?• The “glue” of the alliance.» Integrated command structure» Combined exercises» NATO Response Force (NRF)» NAEW
»Missions and Operations
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NATO Resources 2007
1 rough estimate (base on cca 13K military posts in the PE)
Funding source M€ M$Military Budget 1,048 1,350
186 240640 824
Common funded 1,874 2,413
800 1,0302,674 3,444
Civil BudgetNSIP
Military Manpower1
Total
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PSO Military Budget tendency
65,941,168
51,637,166148,187,010
58,112,990
232,982,184
56,417,816
0
50,000,000
100,000,000
150,000,000
200,000,000
250,000,000
300,000,000
MEuro
2006 2007 2008
Initial budgets
Others
ISAF
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ISAF NSIP and Military Budget (2007)
ISAF 79%
514 M€
BALKANS
18 %
NTM-I 3%
ISAF 78%
206.3 M€
KFOR 10%
JFC 3%
NHQ Sa 2%
NTM-I 6%
NSIP
647.5 M€
MILITARY BUDGET266.4 M€
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Funding Mechanisms
• Common funded---NAMSA
• Funded by NATO nations through established cost-shares (Funding eligibility- Funding principle)
• Multi-nationally funded (Joint) --- MN Logistics
• Funded by agreement (CAOCs, NRDC HQs)
• Trust funding
• Nationally funded--- Contracting and Outsoursing
• Funded by individual nations
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ISAF Mission
• Mission:– Assist the Afghan government to maintain security; – Facilitate the development of Afghan government
structures;– Extend Afghan government control; and– Assist reconstruction and humanitarian efforts.
• Desired Military End-state:– That Afghan National Security Forces are able to provide
security and sustain stability in Afghanistan without NATO support.
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Afghanistan Development
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITYISAF OEFUNAMA-NGOs
SECURITY SECTOR REFORM
Counter Narcotics
UnitedKingdom
Lead
Judicial Reform
ItalyLead
DisarmamentOf Illegally
Armed Groups(DIAG)
JapanLead
Train theAfghan
NationalArmy
UnitedStatesLead
TrainPoliceForces
EULead
Afghan Compact 2007
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Bucharest Summit
• Top priority
• Clear Vision guided by four principles a firm and shared long-term commitment Support for enhanced Afghan leadership and responsibility a comprehensive approach by the IC, bringing together
civilian and military effortsIncreased cooperation and engagement with Pakistan’s
neighbours
• Political-Military Plan
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US CENTCOM CINC Strategic Guidance
• Set conditions for security and strenghten governance in Afghanistan
Working with ISAF , conduct operations, that provide security, stability, and maturing governance to the people of Afghanistan. Through Combined Security Transition Command (CSTC-A) continue to develope and grow the Afghanistan Security Forces
(Lt Gen M.E. Dempsey)
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Current ISAF Infra Projects• Kandahar AirfieldKandahar Airfield
– Demining
– Airfield Operating Surfaces
– Airfield Operational Facilities
– Roads
– Bulk Fuel Installation
– Combined Air Terminal Ops (CATO)
– Environmental Baseline Study
– Air Traffic Control Tower
– Waste Water Treatment Plant
– APOD NATO Support Element
– Hazardous Material Cargo Pad
– Theater Map Depot
– Taxiway D2 reconstruction
– Role 3 Medical Treatment Facility
– Real Estate Expansion
– Domestic accommodations
– Operational accommodation
– Water and Sewer system
• Mazar-e-SharifMazar-e-Sharif– Aircraft Operating Surfaces, Patrol
Road, Main and Sliding Gates, Morale & Welfare Compound, Runway, Maintenance facility
• BagramBagram– Rotary and fixed wing Aircraft
Operating Surfaces
• KAIA North & RelocationKAIA North & Relocation– Mine and UXO Clearance, Aircraft
Operating Surfaces, APOD Operational & Domestic Facilities,Environmental Baseline Study,MEDEVAC Rotary Wing Parking Apron, Perimeter road, Force protection
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Operational Logistics Support Projects
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KAF RLS & APOD Projects
NAMSA “junction” ties NAMSA “junction” ties NATO and Nations NATO and Nations
to the highway to KAF to the highway to KAF
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Security Issues
• Talibans’ Long term goal: take over the power• Priority: South, East and West Concept: 1. Code of Conduct (attack the
people of the goverment) 2. Operation Lesson (ISAF,
foreigners)
3. Complex Operations (collateral demage)
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Insurgents Use Of IEDs
50 % IED incidents, ISAF casualties- 53 % IEDs are simply the insurgents’ method of
achieving their short term military and longer term political aims.
Had they access to “conventional” weapons they would use them.
When ISAF efforts negate the effects of one type of IED they will seek alternatives.
IEDs can be used for “spectaculars” as well as tactical attacks.
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Results and Challenges
• Contribution to Security and Stability (PRTs)
• Security becomes more and more important
• New Force Contributions
• Real Fight with Insurgents
• Long term mission- huge invesment
LOGAR
ZARANJ
KUNDUZMAZAR-E SHARIF
JALALABAD
QALAT
SHARANA
KANDAHAR
FARAH
LASHKAR GAH
HERAT
GARDEZ
FEYZABAD
QAL’EH-YE NOW
MEYMANEH
CHAGHCHARAN
PUL-E-KHUMRI
ASADABAD
NILLI
TARIN KOWT
GHAZNI
KHOST
NURISTAN
BAMYAN PARWAN METHARLAM
PANJSHIR
WARDAK
LOGAR
ZARANJ
KUNDUZMAZAR-E SHARIF
JALALABAD
QALAT
SHARANA
KANDAHAR
FARAH
LASHKAR GAH
HERAT
GARDEZ
FEYZABAD
QAL’EH-YE NOW
MEYMANEH
CHAGHCHARAN
PUL-E-KHUMRI
ASADABAD
NILLI
TARIN KOWT
GHAZNI
KHOST
NURISTAN
BAMYAN PARWAN METHARLAM
PANJSHIR
WARDAK
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Thank you for your attention!
Questions?