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Natura 2000 farmland management and biodiversity
A follow-up event of the Natura 2000 Biogeographical Process
28 September – 1 October 2015 – Madrid (ES)
European Commission – DG ENV – Ludovic Le Maresquier.
The Natura 2000 Biogeographical Process
2
Enhance
implementation
of nature
legislation
Restore
ecosystems
est. Green
Infrastructure
Sustainable
Agriculture
&
Forestry
Sustainable
Fisheries
Combat
Alien Invasive
Species
Contribute to
averting global
biodiversity
loss
ACTIONS
6 TARGETS
EU biodiversity strategy
A 2050 VISION
European Union biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides – its
natural capital – are protected, valued and appropriately restored…
A 2020 HEADLINE TARGET
Halt the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU and restore
them insofar as feasible, and step up the EU's contribution to averting global
biodiversity loss.
Working together in Natura 2000
For improving the status of conservation/trends.
A voluntary process fulfilling legal obligations
under the Nature Directives strongly depending on
active involvement
The ultimate objective
=
«favourable conservation
status »/trends
Natura 2000 Biogeographical Process
FSC?
Reality on
the field
What do you have? What do you want?
YES
NO Conservation
objectives :
S - pecific
M - easurable
A - chievable
R - ealistic
T - imeframed
Objective
How can you do?
Conservation
measures
Need knowledge on:
- Technical practices,
- Technical solutions,
- Technical
recommandations,
- Technical
management.
Measures
LIVING
PROCESS!
restauration HOW?
maintenance HOW?
Goal
What do you need?
FSC
COMMISSION
NOTE ON
SETTING
CONSERVATION
OBJECTIVES
FOR
NATURA 2000
SITES
Working at level of Biogeographical Regions…
… to help Member States to manage the sites… … to achieve the EU Biodiversity Strategy targets.
For each region :
- Steering Committees
- Seminars
- Follow-up events/
expert meetings
Pre-scoping doc.(Top 20 list) – Background doc. – Seminar doc. & report – N2000 Platform.
Agriculture, Natura 2000 and biodiversity
8
72 % UE territory
Target 3 :
Increase the contribution of agriculture and forestry to maintaining and enhancing biodiversity
http://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/saguenay-lac/2013/11/20/006-philippe-couillard-foret.shtml http://www.environnement-savoie.fr/4690-biodiversite.htm
https://www.google.com/search?q=foret&hl=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=6ZR8VJ70OIrcatfogcAG&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAg&biw=1024&bih=652#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=iw46qX2L1eAYzM%253A%3Bx-Fagrng1f7wfM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ffr.academic.ru%252Fpictures%252Ffrwiki%252F70%252FForetLandes.JPG%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ffr.academic.ru%252Fdic.nsf%252Ffrwiki%252F645394%3B1280%3B727
http://www.gnis-pedagogie.org/colza-production-semence-multiplication.html
Many concerns with regard to status of conservation/trends
Main leverage: CAP
EC Communication
on EU forest strategy (2013) http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/forest/strategy/communication_en.pdf
State of Nature
"grasslands"
10
Grassland ecosystem and the nature directives
Grassland habitats: 45 habitats
Birds species associated with grasslands: 75 species
Non-bird species associated with grasslands: 309 species
Conservation status of habitats (MS level)
11%
3%
37%
49%
Favourable
Unknown
Unfavourable-inadequate
Unfavourable-bad
Conservation status of habitats associated with
grassland ecosystems at Member State level
(overview)
Conservation trends of habitats (MS level)
11%
3%
4%
14%
29%
39%
Favourable
Unknown
Unfavourable-improving
Unfavourable-unknown-trend
Unfavourable-stable
Unfavourable-declining
Conservation trends of habitats associated with
grassland ecosystem at Member State level
(overview)
Conservation status and trends of non-bird
species associated with grassland ecosystems
Unfavourable conservation status of
species per taxonomic group:
• non-vascular plants (U1 - 50%, U2 -
50%)
• amphibians (FV - 15% , U1 - 85%)
Grassland butterflies declined 50% (1990-
2011)
20%
16%
4% 16%
23%
21%
Grassland: species status and trends (609
assessments)
FavourableUnknownUnfavourable-improvingUnfavourable-unknown-trendUnfavourable-stableUnfavourable-declining
Population status and trends in birds species
25%
7%
23%
45%
Grassland: short-term trends
Increasing
Uncertain/Unknown
Stable/Fluctuating
Decreasing
Results confirm Common farmland
index – 30% declining in 1990-2012
Declining trends:
• ortolan bunting (Emberiza
hortulana)
• crested lark (Galerida cristata)
• grey partridge (Perdix perdix)
respectively: 88%, 90%, 90% in long-
term trend (1980-2012).
Increasing trends:
• common whitethroat (Sylvia
communis)
• white stork (Ciconia ciconia)
• lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni)
• eastern imperial eagle (Aquila
heliaca)
Changes in conservation status
2001-2006 and 2007-2012
11%
4%
39%
46%
0%
Favourable assessments
Improved assessments
Assessments which have deteriorated
Unfavourable and unknownassessments that did not change
20%
4%
22%
53%
1%
Favourable assessments
Improved assessments
Assessments which havedeterioratedUnfavourable and unknownassessments that did not changeAssessments that became'unknown'
Changes in conservation status of
non-bird species associated with MAES
agricultural ecosystems (cropland and
grassland) (% of number of assessments)
Changes in conservation status of
Annex I habitats associated with MAES
agricultural ecosystems (cropland and
grassland) (% of number of assessments)
Pressures from agriculture reported by MS
0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
G05 - Other humanintrusions and disturbances
H04 - Air pollution, air-bornepollutants
E01 - Urbanisation andhuman habitation
I01 - Invasive alien species
A08 - Fertilisation inagriculture
J02 - Changes in waterbodies conditions
A02 - Modification ofcultivation practices
A03 - Mowing or cuttinggrasslands
K02 - Vegetationsuccession/Biocenotic…
A04 - Grazing by livestock
Pressures Threats
Pressures on grassland ecosystems
Guidance document – Best practices:
towards a sustainable and biodiversity-friendly agriculture.
18
Farming for Natura 2000 Guidance: how to integrate Natura 2000 conservation objectives into
farming practices
Based on Member States
good practice experiences
Prepared through an active
dialogue with relevant
stakeholders (agricultural
and environmental authorities,
farmers’ organisations,
environmental NGOs)
Conservation measures based on MS reporting
• Maintaining grasslands and other open habitats
• Establish protected areas/sites
• Adapt forest management (dehesas and fennoscandian wooded pastures)
• Restoring/improving the hydrological regime (semi-natural humid meadows)
F – Grasslands fully dependent on agricultural management
• Maintaining grasslands and other open habitats
• Establish protected areas/sites
• Legal protection of habitats and species
P – Grasslands partially dependent
• Establish protected areas/sites
• Legal protection of habitats and species
• Maintaining grasslands and other open habitats
• Regulating/Management exploitation of natural resources on land
P/N – Grasslands hardly dependent
Farming for Natura 2000 A range of good practice examples
Supporting farmers in Natura 2000
in Transylvania, Romania
Horizontal
measures:
Estonia – agri-
environment
scheme for
coastal
meadows
Selling pasta in
support of
steppic birds in
Spain
Advice to farmers: Integrated farm conservation
advice based on partnership and mutual learning
(Partnerbetrieb Naturschutz), Germany
Farming for Natura 2000 A range of good practice examples
High quality productions can respect the environment
and encourage greater natural wealth of the territory in
which they are inserted, meeting the requirements of
producers, consumers and environment/biodiversity.
Examples:
• In 2007 LIPU (Birdlife Italy) made a study on the
agricultural areas where the famous "Parmigiano
Reggiano",
• DIVA project in France studying interection between
"public action, agriculture and biodiverity "Saint-
Nectaire" et "Salers",
• Etc…
…where Biodiveristy quality of production
LIFE – NAT programme:
• Valuable instrument to support initiatives that, otherwise would not be developed because of the lack of administrative capacity, or material means, financial supports.
• Effective tool to create a political and administrative awareness about the existence of environmental problems, and to tackle them.
• Importance as catalyst of initiatives and for promoting networking and better cooperation between the parties (e.g. different departments/ organisms of public administrations, different administrations, NGOs/ administration/ private sector,…).
• Enhance the dialogue and build trust between the administration and the stakeholders (farmers, hunters)
• Promote new solutions. Great potential for changing bad practices by providing examples that demonstrate the viability of the systems proposed and by gaining the trust of the stakeholders. The LIFE projects usually lead to a continuous sustained benefits: tendency to maintain the new models with a continued support from public administrations.
• Significant contribution for the development of management plans and the development of other instruments accepted and supported by local stakeholders.
• Effective instrument for improving technical skills.
• Significant support for the improvement of the knowledge on habitat and species.
LIFE for biodiversity-friendly agriculture
• LIFE (495 projects directly or indirectly related to
grassland habitats and species in 1992-2013)
• LIFE budget related to : 217 M€ (EU 119 M€)
– 6210 – Semi-natural dry grasslands
– 6220 – Pseudo-steppe dry grasslands
– Butterflies and dragonflies
– Falcons and kestrels
– Bustards
– Corncrake
Conclusions
Many HABITATS AND SPECIES in unfavourable status of conservation/trends
Many pressures and threats from agriculture
Good examples where biodiversity and agriculture supports each
other
Biodiversity can be enhanced where actions take place
Tools and financial opportunities do exist: make good choices within
EU intruments.
CAP Mid-term review
EU Biodiversity Strategy Mid-term
review
Those 3 days are a real chance to gather people and share knowledge on Natura 2000 farmland
management and biodiversity.
Thank you for your attention!