natural resources conservation service - usda...table 5 broadcast seeding warm season grasses:...

- 1 - NRCS- Michigan February 2018

Seeding Tables

United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service 3001 Coolidge Road, Suite 250 East Lansing, Michigan 48823

INDEX 1-2Section 1 General Information for Grasses, Legumes & Forbs Grown In Michigan

Purchasing Quality Seed 3 Calculating Pure Live Seed and Seeding Rates 4

Table 1 Adaptation and Characteristics of Grasses and Legumes 5 Table 2 Planting Dates, Depths, and Suitable Uses for Cool Season Grasses and Legumes 6 Table 3 Planting Dates, Depths and Uses for Perennial Warm Season Grasses and Annuals 7 Table 4 Broadcast Seeding Warm Season Grasses: Field Preparation and Planting 8 Table 5 Broadcast Seeding Warm Season Grasses: Broadcasting Methods: 9 Table 6 No-Till Seeding Method 10 Section 2: (327) CONSERVATION COVER Table 1: Seeding Recommendations Based on Proposed Use and Soil Groups 11 Table 1a: Seeding Dates 11 Table 2: Grasses and Legumes Mixtures (lbs./ac.) & Cover Species for Tree Planting 12 Table 3: Comparisons of Grasses and Legumes for Carbon Sequestering* 13 Table 4: General Mixtures for Wildlife Habitat 14 Table 5: Examples of General Mixtures for Wildlife Habitat Short Grass Prairie Planting 15-19Section 3: (340) Cover Crops Table 1: Cover Crops PLS Seeding Rates 20-21Table 2: Cover Crops Suitable for Orchards, Vineyards, and Small Fruits 22 Section 4: (342) Critical Area Planting Table 1: Agronomic Adaptation and Characteristics of Perennial Vegetation- Michigan 22 Table 2: Permanent Critical Area Seeding (Water-Type Areas, Critical Areas, and Construction Areas 23-24Table 3: Trees and Shrubs for Critical Areas (for areas less subject to erosion) 25 Table 4: “Temporary seeding” for Fields or Critical Areas 25 Table 5: Fertility for Critical Area Type seeding 26 Table 6: Seeding Dates for Long-Term Vegetative Cover 26 Table 7: Trees, Shrubs, and Grasses to Plant on Wind Blown Areas 26 Table 8: Alternative Urban Ground Covers and Shrubs for Critical Areas 27 Table 9: pH Range for Various Plant Species 28 Section 5: (589C) Cross Wind Trap Strips Table 1: Cross Wind Trap Strip Alternatives 29 Section 6: (386) Field Border Table 1: Planting Table for Grasses and Legumes 30

Prepared By: Jerry Grigar, CCA NRCS State Agronomist, Michigan


Seeding Tables

WASCOB seeding Lenawee County photo by L. Lindermann

Section 7: (393) Filter Strips Table 1: Planting Table for Grasses and Legumes 31 Section 9: Grassed Waterway 32 Section 10: (603) Herbaceous Wind Barriers Table 1: Suitable Plants for Herbaceous Wind Barriers 33-34


Seeding Tables

Purchasing Quality Seed:

Select species of grasses, legumes and forbs that are compatible with each other and suitable for the site conditions. Some species are adapted to drier soils while others flourish on wetter soils.

Use seed from a reputable vendor that is registered with the Michigan Department of Agriculture (MDA). Be sure that the purchased seed is labeled according to MDA regulations and the Michigan Seed Law, Act 329 as amended MCL 286.701 – 286.716.or http://www.michigan.gov/printerFriendly/0,1687,7-125--11250--,00.html The Federal Seed Act and the Michigan Seed Law (Act 329 of 1965) mandate that certain information be listed on a seed package label (seed tag). Seed tags must contain at a minimum:

1. Variety and kind 2. Lot number 3. Origin 4. New weight 5. Percent pure seed (purity) 6. Percent germination’ 7. Germination Test date 8. Percent inert matter 9. Percent other crop seeds 10. Percent weed seeds 11. Name of restricted noxious see and number of seeds per pound of package 12. Name of company responsible for analysis

This information is necessary to calculate the Pure Live Seed (PLS) and the appropriate seeding rate see:

1. NRCS MI Agronomy Technical Note 13 Plant Materials – Using Seed Package Label Information to Calculate Pure Live Seed (PLS) and Seeding Rates Sept.2006.

2. NRCS MI Agronomy Technical Note 36 Understanding a Seed Lab Analysis Report Sept. 2006.

If there is any question about the quality of seed or if the seed is not labeled properly, it should be returned to the vendor or it can be sampled and tested by:

Laboratory Division Michigan Department of Agriculture P. O. Box 30017 Lansing, MI 48909

http://www.michigan.gov/printerFriendly/0,1687,7-125--11250--,00.html


Seeding Tables

Calculating Pure Live Seed (PLS) and Seeding Rates

Almost all seed has some non-viable as well as “hard” or dormant seed. Adjust seeding rates to compensate for the seed that will not germinate. Warm season grasses are usually purchased on a (PLS) basis. Therefore, a bag will contain more than 50 lbs. of material if 50 lbs. PLS is ordered. PLS is calculated as follows:

% PLS= % Pure Seed x (% Germination+ % Dormant seed)

For example: 50 lbs. PLS Big Bluestem seed is ordered and when it arrives the seed tag states:

Example PLS Calculation: Big Bluestem Lot number 745-HG:

% PLS= % Pure Seed ([99%] x (% Germination [72%] + % Dormant seed [10%]) % PLS= [.99] x ([.72] + [.10]) % PLS= .99 x .82 % PLS= 0.81 (81%) Or Pure Live Seed = 81 % 50 lbs. PLS divided by .81 = 61.2 lbs. or the 50 lb. PLS bag of Big Bluestem will weigh 61.2 lbs.

Seeding Rate Adjustment for PLS: For Example above:

1. The recommended seeding rate is 6 lbs. /acre of PLS.

2. To adjust the actual rate planted seed rate: 6 lbs. PLS/acre divided by .81 (PLS) = 7.4 lbs. /acre.

3. SOW 7.4 lbs. /acre of the seed in the bag to get 6 lbs. /acre of pure live big bluestem seed. 4. The material in the bag should cover 8.3 acres.

Lot number 745-HG Kind Big Bluestem Pure Seed 99.0% Germination 72% Dormant (Hard) Seed 10% Weed Seed .5% Noxious Weed Seed 0.0%


Seeding Tables

Section 1 - Table 1. Agronomic Adaptation and Characteristics of Grasses and Legumes (Source OSU Bulletin 472 - Ohio Agronomy Guide 14th Edition)

Species Minimum Adequate Drainage/1

Tolerance to pH < 6.0

Adequate Soil Fertility

Drought Tolerance Persistence Seedling

Vigor Growth Habit

Legumes/5 Alfalfa WD Low High to medium High High High Bunch Alsike clover PD High Medium to low Low Low Low Spreading Birdsfoot trefoil SPD High Medium Medium Medium Low Low Bunch Kura clover PD Medium Medium Medium High Low Spreading Red clover SPD Medium Medium Medium Low High Low Bunch White clover PD Medium Medium Low High Low Spreading

Lespedeza, serica /I3 SPD High Medium to low High High Medium Bunch

Crownvetch WD Medium Medium High High Low Spreading Sweetclover WD Low High to medium High Biennial Medium Bunch

Cool-Season Grasses and Forbs Annual ryegrass SPD Medium Medium Low Low High Bunch Festulolium SPD Medium Medium to high Low Low Very high Bunch Garrison creeping foxtail VPD High Medium to high High High Low Open sod Kentucky bluegrass SPD Medium Medium Low High Low Dense Sod Orchardgrass SPD Medium Medium Medium Medium High Bunch Perennial ryegrass SPD Medium Medium to high Low Low Very high Bunch

Reed canarygrass/I3 VPD High Medium to high High High Low Open sod

Smooth bromegrass MWD Medium High High High Medium Open sod

Tall fescue/I3 SPD High Medium Medium High High Variable2

Timothy MWD Medium Medium Low High Low Bunch Forage Chicory MWD Medium Medium to high High Medium High Bunch

Warm-Season Grasses

Switchgrass SPD High Low to medium Excellent High Very low Bunch Big bluestem MWD High Low to medium Excellent High Very low Very low Bunch Little bluestem MWD Low to medium Excellent High Low Very low Bunch Indiangrass MWD High Low to medium Excellent High Very low Bunch Eastern gamagrass PD High Medium to high Good High Very low Bunch

/1 Minimum drainage required for acceptable growth: WD = well drained; MWD = moderately well drained; SPD = somewhat poorly drained; PD = poorly drained; VPD = very poorly drained.

/2 Under lax cutting, tall fescue has bunchy growth; under frequent cutting or grazing, it forms a sod.

/I3 = Invasive without proper management /5 Be sure to treat legume seed (thereby the soil) with the proper inoculant group prior to seeding.

Section I: General Information for Grasses, Legumes and Forbs Grown in MI


Seeding Tables

3333

Section 1 - Table 2: Planting Dates, Depths and Suitable Uses for Cool Season Grasses and Legumes (Reference MSUE 489 May 1981 Seeding Practices for MI Crops and Midwest Cover Crop Council Decision Tool)

3Forage Species Suitable Uses in Mixes

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UP Northern MI/ Southern MI/5

MI NRCS Standard 327 340 342 393 512 561 629 412 601 Seeding Dates/1 Seeding Dates/1

Legumes/6

Alfalfa ¼ in x X X 5/1–5/30 or 7/20--8/1 4/15-5/15 or 8/1 - 8/15

Alsike clover/1 ¼ in X X 3/15-4/15 7/20-8/1 3/1–4/1 8/1- 8/15

Austrian Winter Pea 1in X 4/1-5/1 8/1-8/15 8/1 – 9/15

Birdsfoot trefoil ¼ in X X 5 /1–5/30 or 7/20--8/1 4/15- 5/15 or 8/1 - 8/15

Crownvetch ¼ in X X X X 5/1–6/1 4/15 - 5/15

Hairy Vetch ¼ in X 5/1 – 7/1 7/15 – 9/1 3/1 – 4/25 9/1–11/1

Kura clover ¼ in X X X 4/1-5/1 7/20-8/1 4/15- 5/15 or 8/1 - 8/15

Red clover/2 ¼ in X X X 3/15-4/15 7/20-8/1 3/1–4/1 8/1- 8/15

Sweet Clover ¼ in X 3/15-4/15 7/20-8/1 3/1–4/1 8/1- 8/15

White clover/2 ¼-in X X X 3/15-4/15 7/20-8/1 3/1–4/1 8/1- 8/15

Perennial Cool Season Grasses and Forbs

Fescue, Creeping Red ¼ in X X X X 5/1-6/15 or 8/1–9/20 4/1–5/20 or 8/1–10/1

Fescue, Tall /I3 ¼ in X X X X X X X 5/1-6/15 or 8/1–9/205 4/1–5/20 or 8/1–10/1

Fescue, Turf-Type Tall ¼ in X X X X X X 5/1-6/15 or 8/1–9/20 4/1–5/20 or 8/1–10/1

Festulolium ¼ in X X X 5/1-6/15 or 8/1–9/20 4/1–5/20 or 8/1–10/1

Garrison creeping foxtail ¼ in X X X X X X X X 5/1-6/15 or 8/1–9/20 4/1–5/20 or 8/1–10/1

Kentucky bluegrass ¼ in X X X X X 5/1-6/15 or 8/1–9/20 4/1–5/20 or 8/1–10/1

Orchardgrass ¼ in X X X X 5/1-6/15 or 8/1–9/20 4/1–5/20 or 8/1–10/1

Perennial ryegrass ¼ in X X X X X 3\/15–5/1 or 8/1–9/15 3/1–4/20 or 8/1–9/15

Reed canarygrass /I3 ¼ in X X 3/15–5/1 3/1–4/20

Smooth bromegrass ¼ in X X X 3/15–5/1 or 8/1–9/25 3/1–4/20 or 8/1–9/25

Timothy ¼ in X X X X 3/15–5/1 or 8/1–9/15 2/15–4/20 or 8/1–9/15

Wildrye, Canadian ¼ in X X X X 3/15–5/1 or 8/1–9/15 3/1–4/20 or 8/1–9/15

Wildrye, Virginia ¼ in X X X X 3/15–5/1 or 8/1–9/15 3/1–4/20 or 8/1–9/15

/1 Dormant Seed Dec 1 to freeze up (cool season) Nov 1 to freeze up (warm season) See MCCC CC Decision tool- for cover crops

/2 February 15 to mid-April is the recommended frost seeding period for clovers; some cool-season grasses may also be frost seeded, but that is less common.

/3 Planting depth is critical for successful establishment. Many failures result from planting too deeply.

/I3 = Invasive without proper management such as mowing or prescribed grazing to maintain plant in vegetative stages not reproductive stages.

/5 Northern MI = Generally North of I0 - Southern MI= South of 10

/6 Be sure to treat legume seed (thereby the soil) with the proper inoculant prior to seeding. /7 Seeding dates can be based on Midwest CCC Decision tool for your county.



Seeding Tables

Section 1 - Table 3: Planting Dates, Depths and Uses for Perennial Warm Season Grasses and Annuals

(Reference MUSE-489 Seeding Practices for MI Crops & Midwest CCC &NRCS Plants Database Forage Species Suitable Uses in Mixes Northern MI/4 Southern MI x/4

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Perennial Warm Season Grasses, Legumes/5 and Forbs

Big bluestem ¼ in X X X X 5/15- 6/15 5/5 – 6/15

Caucasian bluestem /I3 ¼ in X 5/15- 6/15 5/5 – 6/15 Little bluestem ¼ in X X X X 5/15- 6/15 5/5 – 6/15 Eastern gamagrass ½ in X X X X X 5/15- 6/15 5/5 – 6/15 Indiangrass ¼ in X X X X 5/15- 6/15 5/5 – 6/15 Sideoats Grama ¼ in X 5/15- 6/15 5/5 – 6/15 Switchgrass ¼ in X X X X X 5/15- 6/15 5/5 – 6/15 Lespedeza, sericea /5 /I3 ¼ in X X 5/15- 6/15 5/5 – 6/15 Forage Chicory ¼ in X X 4/15–5/15 ;8/1 –8 /20 4/1–5/1 or 8/1 – 8/30

Annuals

Annual ryegrass /3 ½ in X X X X X 5/1 – 6/1 or 7/10–8/1 4/10 – 5/20 ; 5/5-6/5

Pearl millet ¼ in X 5/15 – 6/25 5/1–6/20 8/1-9/15

Brassicas ¼ in X X 4/1 –5/1 or 7/20 - 8/30 3/15–4/20 or 8/1 - 9/15

Hairy Vetch ¼ in X X 8/1 – 9/15 8/1– 9/15

Lespedeza, annual /5 ¼ in X X 3/1 – 5/1 3/1 – 5/1

Oats, cereal 1in X X 3/1 - 4/15 or 8/1 - 9/05 3/1 - 4/15 or 8/1 - 9/15

Oilseed Radish ¼ X 8/15 – 9/05 8/15 - 9/15

Rye, cereal 1in X X 8/1 -10/15 8/1- 11/1

Sorghum, forage ¼ in X 5/15 – 6/15 5/10– 6/10

Sorghum-sudangrass ¼ in X X 5/15 – 710 5/1– 7/15

Soybeans 1.5 in X X 5/1- 8/1 4/15- 8/1

Wheat, winter /6 1in X X 9/13 - 10/10 9/13- 11/`20

/1 Dormant Seeding Statewide from Nov 1 to when soil temperature at a 2 inch depth is below 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

/2 Planting depth is critical for successful establishment. Many failures result from planting too deeply.

/I3 = Invasive without proper management

/3 Annual ryegrass if allowed to go to seed can be very competitive with wheat and provide limited control options

/4 Northern Michigan = Generally North of I0 - Southern MI= South of I0

/5 Be sure to treat legume seed (thereby the soil) with the proper inoculant prior to seeding. Use proper legume inoculant at 2-3 x normal rate on virgin soils.

/6 Do not plant until after the Hessian fly free date: Varies from Sept 13 in Northern MI2 to Oct 25 in Southern MI. See the MI NRCSI Aerial Seeding job sheet for the fly free date in your county



Seeding Tables

Section 1 - Table 4: Broadcast Seeding Warm Season Grasses: Field Preparation and Planting

Ground Cover Prior to Planting

Seedbed Preparation and Seeding Timing Comments

Bare ground or Soybean Stubble

1) Till and level ground if needed using: • Light Disk and/or • Field Cultivator (or similar tool)

Between May 5 and

June 15.

Soil should be firm enough that your footprint is no deeper than ½ inch. 2) Culti-pack to firm seedbed

3) Broadcast WSG/Forb seed See Section 1

Table 5: Broadcasting Methods below

4) Culti-pack again for seed to soil contact. 5) Apply ALS inhibiting herbicide (Plateau) if needed.

Prior to WSG emergence

6) Control weed competition. May-September

Corn or Wheat Stubble

1) Bale wheat straw or corn fodder After harvest of crop Soil should be firm enough that your footprint is no deeper than ½ inch.

2) Till ground using: • Disk and/or • Field Cultivator (or similar tool)

Between May 5 t and June 15t.

3) Culti-pack to firm seedbed

4) Broadcast or Air foil seed WSG/Forb seed See Section 1 Table 5: Broadcasting Methods below



7) Control weed competition. May-September

Grassland or Pastureland

1) Spray cool season grass or pasture with Glyphosate (Roundup or Journey) in fall of the previous year

September of Previous year

Spray while grass is still actively growing.

2) If field is not highly erodible, prepare the field using a primary tillage implement to destroy old sod.

Between April 1st

and June 1st.

Soil should be firm enough that your footprint is no deeper than ½ inch.

3) Level ground using: • Light Disk and/or • Field Cultivator (or similar tool)

4) Culti-pack to firm seedbed 5) Broadcast WSG/Forb seed See Section 1

Table 5: Broadcasting Methods below



8) Control weed competition. May-September Any mention of trade names such as Roundup, Journey, and Plateau, does not constitute an endorsement of those products. Consult your farm product supplier for equivalent herbicides. Always read and follow label directions.



Seeding Tables

Section 1 - Table 5: Broadcast Seeding Warm Season Grasses: Broadcasting Methods:

Depending on the kind of seed, broadcasting warm season grass seed can be challenging. Hard seed like switchgrass or eastern gamagrass are easy to broadcast with a spinner broadcast spreader. Bearded fluffy seeds such as big bluestem, little bluestem, and Indiangrass are much more challenging. This section is intended to identify some methods for broadcasting these seeds uniformly across the field. The seedbed must be properly prepared for a broadcast seeding. See Section 1) Field Preparation and Planting above.

Broadcast Equipment Method Hints /Tips

Commercial

Fertilizer Truck or Fertilizer Spreader

Have fertilizer dealer mix WSG seed with carrier: • Lime at a rate of 500 lbs. / acre

Or • Phosphorus or Potash Fertilizer at a rate

of 200 lbs. / acre.

DO NOT USE NITROGEN FERTILIZER!

Some producers have the fertilizer dealer also mix water with the phosphorus or potash fertilizer

at a rate of 5 gallons per ton of fertilizer to help the WSG seed stick to the fertilizer pellets.

Can be used to seed large acreage. The WSG will not broadcast as far as the carriers. You must overlap to ensure even coverage. Nitrogen fertilizer will stimulate cool season grasses and weeds. If water is used in the mix, the WSG seed should be carried with the fertilizer pellets and overlapping should not be as important. Broadcast immediately so that the water/fertilizer do not dry and cake.

Spinner Type Seeder with

Agitator

Spinner type seeders with multiple vanes and a spreading disk can throw bearded seed 8-12 feet

without a carrier. The bearded seed will lock together the smaller legumes and fine seed.

(See tips to ensure even coverage) Or

Have seed dealer mix the WSG with carrier: • Cracked wheat or oats at a rate of 1

bu/acre Or

• 50 lbs. of pelletized lime per acre

Can be used to seed medium to large acreage. Calibrate seeder by adding one acre of seed to the seeder and plant a 206’ x 206’ area. Adjust seed flow settings accordingly. Cracked wheat will not germinate One tip is to cut the seeding rate in half and go over the seeding area twice in opposite directions.

Conventional

Cyclone Seeder or WSG Hand

Broadcaster

Use debearded seed with a conventional Cyclone type seeder.

Or Hand WSG broadcast seeders are specially

designed with picker wheels at the base of the box to help pull the seed down into the spinner.

Limited to small or medium size acreage You must overlap to ensure even coverage. One tip is to cut the seeding rate in half and go over the seeding area twice in opposite directions.

Broadcast by

Hand

Seed is thrown upward into a slight breeze to let the wind scatter the seed. Care must be taken to broadcast uniformly. Increase seed rate by 50%.

Limited to very small areas You must overlap to ensure even coverage.



Seeding Tables

Section 1 - Table 6: No-Till Seeding Method

Ground Cover Prior to Planting

Seedbed Preparation and Seeding (Assumes a smooth soil surface) Timing Comments

Row Crop

1) Use a labeled nonselective burndown herbicide such as Glyphosate to control existing vegetation.

At least two weeks prior to seeding

Follow all label directions when applying herbicides.

2) Apply the necessary lime and fertilizer Prior to seeding or through the drill at seeding.

3) Plant using a drill designed for no-till seeding.

Use seeding dates in Table 2 and 3 above

Calibrate the drill and seed ¼ inch deep with a drill designed for no-till seeding. Warm season grasses will require a WSG drill.

Existing Sod

1) Spray sod with a nonselective burndown herbicide such as Glyphosate in fall of the previous year. If perennial broadleaves are a concern add 1 pint 2, 4-D per acre and ½ pt. of Dicamba to the nonselective burndown herbicide or see latest NuFarm premixtures for this.

Mid-September to Mid-October in prior year

Spray while vegetation is still actively growing.

2) Apply the second application of nonselective burndown herbicide and consider 1 lb. a.i. Simazine if no forbs are in the seed mixture

At least one week before seeding.

Follow all label directions when applying herbicides.

3) Apply the necessary lime and fertilizer Prior to seeding or through the drill at seeding.

4) Plant using a drill designed for no-till seeding.

Use seeding dates in Section 1- Table 2 and 3 above

Calibrate the drill and seed ¼ inch deep with a drill designed for no-till seeding. Warm season grasses will require a WSG drill.



Seeding Tables

327 CONSERVATION COVER

Table 1. Seeding Recommendations Based on Proposed Use and Soil Groups Depth and Drainage Characteristics of Soils

Proposed Deep Moderately Somewhat Organic Soils Use Well-Drained Well Drained Poorly Drained Poorly Drained Conservation Buffers See various conservation buffer standards for seeding information, mixtures and rates. Wildlife Habitat See Table 4 for general wildlife mixes, Table 5 for specific wildlife mix examples, or follow Program requirements Erosion Control See Table 2. Grasses and Legume Mixtures. Numbers refer to the Mixture Column number on Table 2. Position below refers to the Depth and Drainage characteristic at the site above.

3, 9, 10, 11 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 11 3, 5, 6, 16, 6 12, 13, 16, 17 12, 13, 16, 17

Table 1a. Seeding Dates COOL SEASON GRASSES & LEGUMES - WARM SEASON GRASSES & LEGUMES Upper Peninsula: • May 1 - June 1 or July10 - August 1 May 15 - June 30

North 1/2 of Lower Peninsula (N. of US10) • April 20 - June 1 or July 15 - August 1. May 15 - June 30 South 1/2 of Lower Peninsula (S. of US 10) • April 10 - May 20 or July 20 - August 15 May 5 - June 30

Warm Season Grasses/Forbs can be successfully planted into July with suitable soil moisture in a given year. Coordinate with the State Biologist for a variance. DORMANT SEEDING DATES - Statewide After November 1 or when soil temperature at a 2-inch depth is below 50 degrees Fahrenheit.


Seeding Tables

Table 2. Grasses and Legumes Mixtures (lbs/ac) Mixtures 1/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Legumes Alfalfa 2/ 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 Alsike Clover 4 4 Birdsfoot Trefoil 3/ 3 Ladino Clover 1 2 1 3 Red Clover 5 3 3 Cool season

Int. Wheatgrass 8 Kentucky bluegrass 5 2 2.5 2 Orchardgrass 3 4 3 3 Red top 6 2 3 Smooth Bromegrass 2 8 8 6 6 Timothy 4 4 2.5 3 Warm season

Big bluestem 3 2* Indian grass 3 2 Little bluestem 2 2 Switchgrass 4/ 5 2 2 Wildflowers/forb

0.5 0.5

Total lbs./ac/mixture

14 6 13 7 10 8 8 7 12 9 10 11 14 12 14 5 10**

8.5

1/ use long-term winter hardy varieties. 3/ Trefoil needs to be inoculated with rhizobia bacteria @ 2 times the normal rate. * Warm Season Grasses are not tolerant of poorly drained or Organic Soil conditions. *Substitute Switchgrass for Indian grass on hydric soils. Consider sedges for Organic Soils. **Any combination that adds up to a total of 10 (or lower) total pounds/ac. Cover Species for Tree Planting

19 20 21 22 23 24

Kentucky bluegrass 5 10 Orchardgrass 8 Red Fescue 12 Redtop 2 4 Timothy 5 Total lbs./ac/mixture 7 4 10 8 5 12


Seeding Tables

Table 3. Comparison of Grasses and Legumes for Carbon Sequestering * Species

Above ground biomass weight lbs./ac

Weight of Roots lbs./ac**

Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio***

Cool Season Grasses C:N

% N 1/, 5/ 25 Reed Canary Grass 2/ 5460-6600 8200-32178 H-M 1.35% 26 Field Bromegrass 1/ 3,000-8,000 H-M - 27 Ryegrass Annual 1/ 2,000-8,000 H-M 0.71% 28 Ryegrass Perennial 2/ 4000-4200 5039 1.67% 29 Bromegrass, Smooth

4200-6600 4,186-6,700 H-M 1.87%

30 Tall Fescue 1/, 2/, 6/ 4400-8000 6,500 -

H-M 1.97% 31 Orchard Grass 1/, 2/, 3/ 4700-5800 3,900 -

H-M 1.47%

32 Bluegrass KY 1/, 2/, 3/ 3000-4600 3,832 -6126 H-M 2.05% 33 Timothy 1/, 2/, 3/ 4400-6600 2,296 -

H-M 1.71%

34 Redtop 1/, 3/ 3,000

H-M Warm Season Grasses 35 Big Bluestem 6000 7000 36 Little Bluestem 4000 5000 37 Switchgrass 6000 7000 38 Indian Grass 6000 7000 Legumes 39 Alfalfa 1/ 5820-9400 4,100 M-L 2.34% 40 Clover Red 1/ 3500-4200 2,400 M-L 2.24% 41 Clover Ladino 1/ 2,000 L 2.41% 42 Birdsfoot trefoil 1/ 4320-6600 2,000 L 2.39% 43 Clover, Sweet 1/ 5820-9400 2,000 L 3.61%

* This list is intended for information about the Carbon Sequestering potential of the forage grasses currently found in Michigan.

** Weight of roots is quite variable depending upon age of stand, management of stand, and soil type. *** H - High, M - Medium, L - Low 1/ MI SCS Ready Reference Pg. 27. 2/ Knoch, Germany. Roots measured to 11.8" deep. 3/ Gist and Smith, Virginia. Stands 3 years old, roots 18" deep. References - "Forages", Hughes, Heath and Metcalfe, "Grass" 1948 Yearbook of Agriculture. 4/ MI NRCS Grazing Calculator Spreadsheet database 2002. 5/ NRCS AWMFH, 4/92, Table 6-6. 6/ Do not plant endophyte infected tall fescue in grazeable acres because it may be harmful to cattle and wildlife.


Seeding Tables

Table 4. General Mixtures for Wildlife Habitat Mix Recommended species PLS

Short-grass Prairie Planting (mesic through dry sites)

Little bluestem 3.0 Canada wild rye 1.75 June grass (or appropriate

0.25

Forbs (7-20 species) >1.0 Total 6.0

Moderate-height Prairie Planting (wet mesic through dry sites)

Little bluestem 2.0 Indian grass 1.5 Big bluestem 0.5 Canada wild rye 0.5 Switchgrass 0.5 Forbs (7-20 species) >1.0 Total 6.0

Tall Grass Prairie Planting (wet mesic through dry sites with Mineral Soils)

Big bluestem 2.0 Indian grass 2.0 Switchgrass 0.5 Canada wild rye 0.5 Forbs (7-20 species) >1.0 Total 6.0

Tall Grass Prairie Planting (wet mix on Mineral Soils)

Prairie cord grass 0.5 Big bluestem 2.0 Switchgrass 2.5 Forbs (7-20 species) 1.0 Total 6.0

Winter Cover (Not to exceed 10% of the grassland cover)

Switchgrass 5.0 Total 5.0

Cool Season Grass Mixture Orchardgrass 2.5 Timothy 3.0 Red top 0.5 Red clover or alfalfa 3.0 Ladino clover 1.5 Total 10.0

Pollinating Insect Mixture Native Grasses 3.0 Forbs (15-30 species which will provide pollen and nectar throughout the growing season)

2.0

Total 5.0 Wildlife Biologist Mix * Grasses @ 11-25 seeds per square foot Forbs @ 10-30 seeds per square foot See 327 Seed Calculator

Grasses (2-8 species) Forbs (7-20 species)

* This Wildlife Biologist is to be determined on a case by case basis by a wildlife biologist or similarly trained individual. These mixes may be used for conservation programs. This mix is to be planted to fitted fields or crop stubble.


Seeding Tables

Table 5. Examples of General Mixtures for Wildlife Habitat These examples expand upon the information in Table 4 by including a representative list of specific forbs for each mix. Lists were prepared taking into consideration seed cost and availability as well as flowering time and forb height, and are meant to serve as an example, and not a recommendation.

COMMON NAME GENUS SPECIES NAME

OUNCES/ACRE APPROXIMATE SEEDS/OUNCE

Short-grass Prairie Planting Little bluestem Andropogon scoparius 48.0 (3.0 lbs PLS)

Canada wild rye Elymus canadensis 28.0 (1.75 lbs PLS) June grass Koeleria cristata 4.0 (0.25 lbs PLS) Grass Subtotal 80.0 (5.0 lbs PLS) Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta 2.0 276,000 Rough Blazing Star Liatrus aspera 0.25 4,000 Sand Tickseed Coreopsis lanceolata 3.0 60,000 Sweet Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia

b t 0.25 10,750

Stiff Goldenrod Solidago rigida 1.0 41,600 Showy Goldenrod Solidago speciosa 0.25 10,750 New England Aster Aster novae-anglia 0.25 16,500 Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa 1.0 1,075 Smooth Aster Aster laevis 0.25 13,750 Purple Coneflower Echinacia purpurea 3.0 19,800 Horsemint Monarda punctata 0.25 22,500 Hoary Vervain Verbena stricta 3.0 84,000 Round Headed Bush Cl

Lespedeza capitata 0.50 2,500 Forb Subtotal 16.0 oz MIX TOTAL TOTAL 96.0 oz (6.0 lbs)


Seeding Tables

Table 5. Continued



Moderate-height Prairie Planting Little bluestem Andropogon scoparius 32.0 (2.0 lbs PLS) Indian grass Sorghastrum nutans 24.0 (1.5 lbs PLS) Big bluestem Andropogon gerardii 8.0 (0.5 lbs PLS) Canada wild rye Elymus canadensis 8.0 (0.5 lbs PLS) Switchgrass (Southlow, Shelter, Forestburg

Panicum virgatum 8.0 (0.5 lbs PLS)

Grass Subtotal 80.0 (5.0 lbs PLS) Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca 1.0 4,000 Pale Purple Coneflower Echinacea pallida 1.0 5,200 Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea 1.75 18,150 Gray Headed Coneflower Ratibida pinnata 2.0 60,000 Tall Coreopsis Coreopsis tripteras .25 3,500 Partridge Pea Cassia fasiculata 3.0 8,100 Round Headed Bush Cl

Lespedeza capitata 1.0 8,000 Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberose 0.5 2,150 Marsh Blazingstar Liatris spicata 0.5 5,500 New England Aster Aster novae-anglia 0.5 33,000 Showy Tick Trefoil Desmodium canadense 1.5 7,250 Iron Weed Veronia fasiculata 0.5 12,000 Stiff Goldenrod Solidago rigida 1.0 41,000 Showy Goldenrod Solidago speciosa .25 23,750 Early Sunflower Heliopsis helianthoides 1.0 6,300 Forb Subtotal 16.0 MIX TOTAL 96.0 (6.0 LBS)


Seeding Tables

Table 5. Continued



Tall Grass Prairie Planting Big bluestem Andropogon gerardii 32.0 (2.0 lbs PLS) Indian grass Sorghastrum nutans 32.0 (2.0 lbs PLS) Switchgrass Panicum virgatum 8.0 (0.5 lbs PLS) Canada wild rye Elymus canadensis 8.0 (0.5 lbs PLS) Grass Subtotal 80.0 oz (5.0 lbs) Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca 1.0 4,000 Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis 1.5 135,000 Foxglove B d t

Penstemon digitalis 0.5 65,000 Greyheaded C fl

Ratibida pinnata 2.0 90,000 Showy Tick Trefoil Desmodium canadense 1.0 5,000 Ironweed Vernonia fasciculata 0.25 6,000 New England Aster Aster novae angliae 0.25 16,500 Tall Sunflower Helianthus giganteus 0.25 2,500 Stiff Goldenrod Solidago rigida 0.25 10,250 Round Headed Bush Clover

Lespedeza capitata 0.5 4,000

Brown-Eyed Susan Rudbeckia triloba 3.0 102,000 Sweet Black-Eyed S

Rudbeckia submentosa 1.0 43,000 Tall Coreopsis Coreopsis tripteris .25 3,500 Bergamot Monarda fistulosa .25 17,500 Purple Coneflower Echinacia purpurea 3.0 19,800 Culver’s Root Veronicastrum

i i i 0.25 200,000

Rosinweed Silphium integrifolium 0.25 300 Compass Plant Silphium laciniatum 0.25 165 Forb Subtotal 16.0 oz MIX TOTAL 96.0 oz


Seeding Tables

Table 5. Continued

COMMON NAME GENUS SPECIES NAME OUNCES/ACRE APPROXIMATE SEEDS/OUNCE

Tall Grass Prairie Planting (wet mix) Prairie cord grass Spartina pectinata 8.0 (0.5 lbs PLS) Big bluestem Andropogon gerardii 32.0 (2.0 lbs PLS) Switchgrass Panicum virgatum 40.0 (2.5 lbs PLS) Grass Subtotal 80 (5.0 lbs PSL) Bergamot Monarda fistulosa 0.5 35,000 Tall Coreopsis Coreopsis tripteris 0.25 3,500 Brown Eyed Susan Rudbeckia triloba 3.0 102,000 Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata 1.0 4,800 Swamp Aster Aster puniceus 0.25 20,000 Sneeze Weed Helenium autumnale 1.0 130,000 Stiff Goldenrod Solidago rigida 0.5 20,500 Early Sunflower Heliopsis helianthoides 2.0 12,600 Marsh Blazingstar Liatris spicata 0.5 5,500 Golden Alexander Zizia aurea 2.0 22,000 Culver’s Root Veronicastrum

i i i 0.25 200,000

Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum 0.25 40,000 Blue Vervain Verbena hastata 3.25 302,250 New England Aster Aster novae angliae 0.25 16,500 Great Blue Lobelia Lobelia siphilitica 0.25 125,000 Ironweed Veronia fasiculata 0.25 6,000 Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium maculatum 0.25 23,000 Cup Plant Silphium perfoliatum 0.25 350 Forb Subtotal 16.0 oz TOTAL 96.0 oz


Seeding Tables

Table 5. Pollinating Insect Mixture



Pollinating Insect Mixture Little bluestem Andropogon scoparius 32 (2.0 lbs PLS) Grass Subtotal 32 (2.0 lbs PLS) Whorled Milkweed Asclepias verticillata 1.0 11,000 Thimbleweed Anemone cylindrica 105 13,000 Sneezeweed Helenium autumnale 1.0 130,000 Spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis 2.0 8,000 Smooth Blue Aster Aster laevis 0.5 25,000 Showy Goldenrod Solidago speciosa 0.5 42,500 Stiff Goldenrod Solidago rigida .5 20,500 Rough Blazing Star Liatrus aspera 2.0 16,000 Round Leaf Ragwort Senecio obovatus 0.5 35,000 Early Goldenrod Solidago juncea 0.25 72,500 New England Aster Aster novae angliae 0.5 33,000 Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum

i i i 1.0 220,000

Sand Tickseed Coreopsis lanceolata 3.0 40,000 Hoary Vervain Verbena stricta 0.0 14,000 Gray Headed Coneflower Ratibida pinnata 2.0 60,000 Butterfly weed Asclepias tuberosa 2.0 8,750 Purple Coneflower Echinacia purpurea 2.0 13,200 Black-Eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta 2.0 184,000 Sky Blue Aster Aster azureus 1.5 55,000 Alum Root Heuchera americana 0.25 175,000 Germander Teucrium canadense 0.5 10,000 Golden Alexander Zizia aurea 1.5 11,000 Sweet Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia submentosa 1.5 5,000 Foxglove Beardstongue Penstemon digitalis 1.0 130,000 Round Headed Bush Cl

Lespedeza capitata 1.5 8,000 Heath Aster Aster ericoides 0.5 100,000 Forb Subtotal 32.0 oz MIX TOTAL 64.0 oz


Seeding Tables

Source E-2646 MI FIELD CROP ECOLOGY & ID 433 Midwest Cover Crops Field Guide (Purdue) 2 clear seed alone July 25 UP Aug 1 SM Midwest Cover Crop Council Decision TOOL – MICHIGAN 3 use lower seeding rates for NO till cover crop * See the 340 MI NRCS Cover Crop Calculator for Seed Mixture rates of 2 or more species 4 do not graze after frost or until 18-36 inches tall

Table 1 - Cover Crops PLS Seeding Rates Life Cycle

A- Annual See Midwest Cover Crop Council Decision tool or Midwest Cover Crops Field Guide ID-433 to select seeding dates best for your county.

B- Biennial

P - Perrenial

SA- Summer Annual

Seeding Rates PLS

Frost Direct Overseed Overseed Overseed Overseed Seed Seed

WA- Winter Annual

Seed drill or Corn Corn by Corn by at Leaf Post Post

Drill Broadcast Aerial

broadcast Vegetative Air or Air or Drop Harvest Harvest

Single Single Single

& Shallow stage Highboy Highboy Soybeans Small

Nitrogen

Life Seeding Seeding Seeding Seeding

Till V-4:V-8

Mid/late

Grain

Species Value

Cycle Rate Rate Rate Depth Mid Feb 1-Apr Early June August: Sept. - Mid- Aug. Mid- July: Sept. 1

(lb./ac) Innoculant

(lb./ac) (lb./ac) (lb./ac) (inches) April 1-Jun Early July mid Sept. mid-Oct. mid Sept. Sept. 1 Nov. 1

Legumes

Alfalfa Dormant 50 - 120 alfalfa swt clover P 9 to 25 9 to 25 NR 1/4-1/2 NR X

X

Alfalfa non-Dormant 35 - 100 alfalfa swt clover A 12 to 16 13 to 18 NR 1/4-1/2 NR X

NR

Alsike clover 60-70

B /P 6 to 8 6 to 8 NR 1/4-1/2 NR X

X

Annual Medic 40-100

SA 10 to 39 10 to 39 NR 1/4-1/2 NR

X

NR X

Berseem Clover 60 - 90

SA 9 to 20 9 to 20 NR 1/4-1/2 NR

X

NR X

Birdsfoot Trefoil 40 - 100 B. trefoil P 5 to 6 6 to 8 NR 1/4-1/2 NR X

NR X2

Cowpeas (bl eye pea) 0 -40 soybean SA 45 to 60 45 to 60 NR 1-2 NR X

X

Crimson Clover 50 -60 Crimsom Berseem SA 10 to 15 12 to 20 12 to 18 1/4-1/2 NR

X X

X X

Field/Winter Peas 30 - 100 pea vetch SA 60 to 90 65 to 100 NR 1-1 1/2 NR X

Ladino (white) Clover 100 red or white clover P 2 to 6 2 to 6 NR 1/4-1/2

X X X

X X

Hairy Vetch 60 - 180 pea vetch WA 15 to 22 15 to 22 NR 1-2 X

X X

X X X

Mammoth Red Clover

60 - 70 red or white clover B 8 to 12 9 to 13 9.5 to 14 1/4-1/2 X

X X

X X

Medium Red Clover 60 - 70 red or white clover P 8 to 12 9 to 13 9.5 to 14 1/4-1/2 X

X X

X

60/40, 80/20 (RC/SC) 60 - 90 R, W S, clover alfalfa B/P 8 to 12 9 to 13 9.5 to 14 1/4-1/2 X

X X

X X

Soybeans 0 - 40 soybean SA 45 to 60 45 to 60 NR 1-2 NR X

X X

Sweet Clover 20 - 50 alfalfa swt clover B 6 to 10 6.5 to 11 7 to 12 1/4-1/2 X

X X

X X


Seeding Tables

Source E-2646 MI FIELD CROP

ECOLOGY & ID 433 3 use lower seeding rates for NO till cover crop Midwest Cover Crops Field Guide (Purdue) 4 do not graze after frost or until 18-36 inches tall Midwest Cover Crop Council Decision TOOL – MICHIGAN * See the 340 MI NRCS Cover Crop Calculator for Seed Mixture rates of 2 or more species Seed Mixtures (2 or more species) see excel spreadsheet- MI Cover Crop Seeding Calculator (10-15)

Life Cycle See Midwest Cover Crop Council Decision tool or the Midwest Cover Crops Field Guide to select seeding dates best for your county.

A- Annual

B- Biennial

P - Perrenial

SA- Summer Annual Seeding Rates PLS Frost Direct Overseed Overseed Overseed Overseed Seed Seed

WA- Winter Annual Seed drill or Corn Corn by Corn by at Leaf Post Post

Drill Broadcast Aerial broadcast Vegetative Air or Air or Drop Harvest Harvest

Single Single Single & Shallow

stage Highboy Highboy Soybeans Small

Life Seeding Seeding Seeding Seeding Till V-4:V-8 Mid/late Grain

Cycle Rate Rate Rate Depth Mid Feb

1-Apr Early June August: Sept. - Mid- Aug.

Mid- July:

Sept. 1

(lb./ac) (lb./ac) (lb./ac) (inches) April 1-Jun Early July mid Sept. mid-Oct. mid Sept. Sept. 1 Nov. 1

Non Legumes

Annual Ryegrass WA 20 to 30 22 to 33 24 to 36 1/4 - 1/2 NR X X X X

Barley WA 60 to 150 65 to 165 70 to 180 .75 - 1.75 NR X X X X

Buckwheat SA 45 to 60 50 to 65 NR 0.5 - 1 NR X X NR* X

Cereal Rye3 WA 28 to 170 60 to 185 65 - 205 0.5 - 2 NR X X X

Forage Turnips SA 1 to 4 1 to 4.5 NR 1/4 - 1/2 NR X X X

Mustards SA 4 to 8 4.5 to 9 NR 1/4 - 3/4 NR X

Oats (spring) SA 30 to 100 33 to 110 35 to 120 0.5 - 1 NR X X X

Oilseed radish SA 5 to 12 10 to 20 12 to 24 1/2 - 3/4 NR X x

Millet (pearl, jap. hog) SA 20 to 25 22 to 28 NR 0.5 - 1 NR X

Rape SA 2 to 5 2.5 to 5 2.5 to 6 1/4 - 1/2 NR X X

Sorghum- Sudan Grass 4 SA 25 to 30 28 to 33 NR 0.5 - 1.5 NR X X

Triticale (W. & S.) WA SA 60 to 150 65 to 165 70 to 180 .75 - 1.5 NR X X NR X

Wheat WA 60 to 150 65 to 165 70 to 180 .75 - 1.5 NR X X NR X


Seeding Tables

TABLE 1 - Agronomic Adaptation and Characteristics of Perennial Vegetation – Michigan

1. Minimum drainage required for acceptable growth: WD=Well Drained; MWD=Moderately Well Drained; SPD=Somewhat

Poorly Drained; PD=Poorly Drained; and VPD=Very Poorly Drained. 2. If not cut often, tall fescue has a bunch growth; under frequent cutting or grazing, it forms a sod. 3. Beachgrass is planted vegetative. 4. These plant materials are considered to be invasive: Crownvetch, Reed Canarygrass, Smooth Brome, and Birdsfoot trefoil. 5. Native Cool Season Grass; pH range tolerance 5.0 - 8.0. 6. Native Cool Season Grass; pH range tolerance 5.0 - 7.4.

TABLE 2- COVER CROPS SUITABLE FOR ORCHARDS, VINEYARDS, AND SMALL FRUITS Use Cover or Green Manure Crop

Annual cover in orchards, vineyards, and bush fruit

Rye, wheat, ryegrass, or field bromegrass

Strawberries and other small fruit where elimination of green cover in spring is a problem

Marigolds, oats, sorghum, sorghum Sudan grass, or corn drilled in 7-10 inch spacing

Summer cover in non-bearing orchards Sudan grass, corn, soybeans, or a

combination of these

Perennial Species 4 (seeds/lbs. in 1000)

Minimum Adequate Drainage1

Tolerance to

pH < 6.0

Minimum Adequate Fertility

Drought Tolerance

Persistence Seedling Aggres- siveness

Growth Habit

LEGUMES Alfalfa (200) WD Low High to Med High High High Bunch Alsike Clover (680) PD High Medium Low Low Low Spreading Birdsfoot Trefoil (375) SPD High Medium Medium Medium Low Bunch Ladino Clover (871) PD Medium High to Med Low High Low Spreading Lancer’ Perennial Pea (8) MWD Low High to Med Low High Low Spreading Lathco’ Flatpea (8) MWD High Low High High Low Spreading Red Clover (272) SPD Medium Medium Medium Low High Bunch Sweetclover (260) MWD High Medium High Medium High Bunch White Dutch Clover (802) PD Medium Medium Low High Low Spreading COOL SEASON GRASSES American Beachgrass3 MWD High Medium High High Medium Spreading Canada Wild Rye5 (115) SPD High Medium Medium Medium Low Bunch Creeping Red Fescue (615)

MWD Medium Medium High High Medium Dense Sod

Kentucky Bluegrass (2,177)

SPD Medium Medium Low High Low Dense Sod

Orchardgrass (550) SPD Medium Medium Medium Medium High Bunch Perennial Ryegrass (227) SPD Medium Med to High Low Low Very High Bunch Redtop (4,990) VPD High High Medium Medium High Bunch Reed Canarygrass (533) VPD High Med to High High High Low Open Sod Smooth Brome (136) MWD Medium High High High Medium Open Sod Tall Fescue (227) SPD High Medium Medium High High Variable2 Timothy (1,230) MWD Medium Medium Low High Low Bunch Virginia Wild Rye6 (115) SPD High Medium Medium Medium Low Bunch WARM SEASON GRASSES Big Bluestem (130) MWD High Low to Med Excellent High Very Low Bunch Indiangrass (170) MWD High Low to Med Excellent High Very Low Bunch Prairie Sand Reed (274) MWD Medium Low High Medium Medium Bunch Switchgrass (275) SPD High Low to Med Excellent High Very Low Bunch Tioga’ Deer tongue (400) MWD Very High Very High High High Medium Bunch


Seeding Tables

TABLE 2 - Permanent Critical Area Planting (Waterway-Type Areas WW, Critical Areas CA, and Construction Areas CO)

(Forest Harvest Trail/Landing FR, Heavy Use Areas HU) Seeding Mixture 1,3,4 lbs./acre

(/1000 ft2)

Suitable Uses WildlifeValue

Drainage Remarks

Creeping Red Fescue 40 (1.0) WW,CA,HU,CO LOW MWD Creeping Red Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass

20 (.5) 20 (.5)

CA, HU, CO LOW MWD For waterways, if management as a lawn.

Creeping Red Fescue Tall Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass Perennial Ryegrass

25 (.6) 20 (.6) 5 (.2) 5 (.2)

CA, HU, CO, FR, WW

LOW SPD On soils which have higher clay content, increase Tall Fescue and reduce Creeping Red Fescue.

Creeping Red Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass Redtop Smooth Bromegrass Timothy Birdsfoot Trefoil

20 (.5) 5 (.2) 1 (.03) 20 (.5) 2 (.05) 10 (.3)

CA, HU, CO LOW SPD

Creeping Red Fescue Redtop Smooth Bromegrass Perennial Ryegrass

20 (.5) 1 (.03) 20 (.3) 5 (.2)

CA, HU, CO LOW PD

Tall Fescue Smooth Bromegrass

15 (.4) 15 (.4)

WW, CA, HU, CO

LOW SPD Add 6# of Birdsfoot Trefoil if desired.

Tall Fescue Redtop Perennial Ryegrass

30 (.7) 2 (.05) 5 (.2)

WW, CA LOW SPD,MK For close mowing and for waterways with < 2.0 ft/sec velocity. Add 6# of Birdsfoot Trefoil if desired.

Smooth Bromegrass Birdsfoot Trefoil

15 (.4) 10 (.3)

CA LOW

SPD

Tall Fescue Smooth Bromegrass

20 (.5) 20 (.5)

WW LOW SPD

Tall Fescue Crownvetch

10 (.3) 15 (.4)

CA, HU, CO LOW MWD

Reed Canarygrass 10 (.3) CA, HU, CO LOW VPD, MK Reed Canarygrass Timothy Redtop

10 (.3) 4 (.1) 1 (.03)

CA, HU, CO MED MK

Smooth Bromegrass 30 (.7) WW, CA LOW MWD Add 6# of Birdsfoot Trefoil if desired.

Smooth Bromegrass Red Top Perennial Ryegrass

25 (.6) 2 (.05) 5 (.2)

WW LOW SPD Add 6# of Birdsfoot Trefoil if desired.

Timothy Birdsfoot Trefoil

3 (.1) 10 (.3)

CA, HU, CO MED MWD

1. Add (1) bushel/acre of rye, wheat or oats; or 5 lbs./acre of annual or perennial rye is highly recommended mix for quicker

green-up or stabilization. See Table 4 for further details. 2. WW=Waterway Type Areas; CA=Critical Areas; HU=Heavy Use Areas; CO=Construction Areas; and FR=Harvest Trails and

Landing Sites. 3. See Table 6 for seeding dates. 4. Use the higher seeding rates for steeper slopes, reclamation areas, or poorer site conditions. 5. Minimum drainage or better required for acceptable growth: WD=Well Drained; MWD=Moderately Well Drained;

SPD=Somewhat Poorly Drained; PD=Poorly Drained; and MK=Muck Soils. 6. All warm-season grass seeding rates are listed as pure live seed (PLS).


Seeding Tables

TABLE 2 - Permanent Critical Area Planting- Continued (Continued)

Seeding Mixture

1,3,4 lbs./acre (/1000 ft2) Suitable

Uses Wildlife Value

Drainage Remarks

Big bluestem Prairie Sandreed

Little Bluestem

5 (.2) 5 (.2) 5 (.2)

Sand Dune area HIGH MWD Plant after sand is stabilized with beach grass (2 yrs.).

American Beachgrass Planted as plugs

Sandy areas subject to blowing

MED WD To stabilize sand areas subject to blowing refer to Additional Criteria on page 3 for planting information.

Red Top Perennial Ryegrass

Orchard Grass Birdsfoot Trefoil

2 (.05) 5 (.2) 1 (.03) 3 (.1)

CA, CU HIGH

SPD

Switch Grass Perennial Ryegrass

Ladino Clover Orchard Grass

2 (.05) 5 (.2) 3 (.1) 1 (.03)

CA, HU, CO HIGH

SPD

Big Bluestem Little Bluestem

Switchgrass

2 (.05) 2 (.05) 2 (.05)

CA, CO HIGH MWD

Orchard Grass Ladino Clover

Red Top

8 (.25) 2 (.05) 3 (.1)

FR HIGH MWD

Creeping Red Fescue Perennial Ryegrass

Red Clover

20 (.5) 6 (.2) 3 (.1)

CO, CA, FR LOW MWD

Lathco’ Flatpea Perennial Ryegrass

30 (.7) 20 (.5)

FR MED MWD For shaded Woodland.

Latch’ Flatpea Tall Fescue

20 (.5) 20 (.5)

FR LOW MWD For shaded Woodland.

Crownvetch Tall Fescue

Redtop

15 (.4) 20 (.5) 2 (.05)

FR LOW MWD For shaded Woodland.

Birdsfoot Trefoil Timothy

8 (.3) 4 (.1)

FR HIGH MWD For Wooded Edges and Openings.

White Clover Kentucky Bluegrass

Timothy

1 (.03) 6 (.2) 2 (.05)

FR MED MWD For Wooded Edges and Openings.

Orchardgrass Ladino Clover

Redtop

10 (.3) 2 (.05) 3 (.1)

FR HIGH MWD For Wooded Edges and Openings.

Tioga’ Deer tongue Birdsfoot Trefoil

8 (.3) 6 (.2)

FR MED MWD For Wooded Edges and Openings.

1. Add (1) bushel/acre of rye, wheat, oats; or 5 lbs. /acre of annual ryegrass for quicker green-up or stabilization. 2. WW=Waterway Type Areas; CA=Critical Areas; HU=Heavy Use Areas; CO=Construction Areas; and FR=Forest Roads and

Landing Sites 3. See Table 6 for seeding dates. 4. Use the higher seeding rates for steeper slopes, reclamation areas, or poorer site conditions. 5. Minimum drainage or better required for acceptable growth: WD=Well Drained; MWD=Moderately Well Drained;

SPD=Somewhat Poorly Drained; PD=Poorly Drained; and MK=Muck Soils. 6. All warm-season grass seeding rates are listed as pure live seed (PLS).


Seeding Tables

TABLE 3 - Trees and Shrubs for Critical Areas (for areas less subject to erosion)

In areas less subject to erosion plant trees where the plant canopy and leaf litter will provide adequate erosion control. Space trees 6’ x 6’ and shrubs 3’ x 3’. Stagger seedlings in adjacent rows.

Soil Conditions Trees Shrubs Well and moderately well drained sand and loamy sand (coarse textured soils)

Jack Pine1, Red Pine, White Pine1, Black Locust2, Imperial Carolina Poplar

Hawthorn1, Crabapple1, Serviceberry1, Arnot’ Bristly Locust2

Well and moderately well drained, moderately coarse to moderately fine textured soils (sandy loam, loam silt loam, and clay loam textured soils)

Jack Pine1, Red Pine, White Pine1, Norway Spruce1, White Spruce1, Black Locust2

Gray Dogwood1, Crabapple1, Nannyberry1

Well and moderately well drained clay and silty clay (fine textured soils)

White Pine1, Norway Spruce1, Black Locust2, White Spruce1

Silky Dogwood1, Crabapple1 Nannyberry1, American Cranberrybush1

1. Indicates species best suited for wildlife food or cover. 2. Indicates species that may be invasive in some areas.

TABLE 4 -Temporary Seeding for Fields or Critical Areas

Seed Mixture lbs./acre or lbs./1000

ft2

Planting Zone 11

Planting Zone 21

Planting Zone 31

Oats 96 or 2 4/1 to 9/15 4/15 to 8/1 5/1 to 8/1 Perennial Ryegrass

20 or .5 8/1 to 10/15 6/1 to 8/1 8/1 - 10/1

Sudangrass 40 or 1 6/1 to 7/15 6/1 to 7/15 Not Rec. Wheat 120 or 3 9/20 to 10/15 9/10 to 10/1 9/10 to 10/1 Cereal Rye 120 or 3 8/1 to 10/15 8/1 to 10/10 8/1 to 11/1 Buckwheat 75 or 2 6/1 to 7/15 6/1 to 7/15 6/15 to 7/15

1. Planting Zones: 1 - Lower Peninsula, South of US 10

2 - Lower Peninsula North of US 10 3 - Upper Peninsula


Seeding Tables

TABLE 5 - Fertility for Critical Area Type Seedings1

Lime Nitrogen 2 Phosphorous

(P2O5) Potash (K2O)

As needed per site condition 3

50- 60 Lbs/Acre 1.25 Lbs/1000 ft sq



1. Fertilize according to the soil test results; a soil test is recommended, but not necessary. If no soil test is available use the

fertilization recommendations in Table 5 2. For Warm Season Mixes, do not apply Nitrogen until the second year. 3. For any seeding containing legumes, soils should be limed, if needed, to a pH of 6.5 to 7.0. Without a legume in the

seeding mixture, a pH of 5.5 is adequate.

TABLE 6 - Seeding Dates for Long-Term Vegetative Cover

Zones With Irrigation and/or Mulch1

Without Irrigation or

Mulch

Dormant Seeding with

Mulch2 Lower Peninsula, South of US 10 MLRA 97, 98, 99, and 111

4/1 to 8/1 4/1 to 5/20 or 8/10 to 10/1

11/1 to freeze-up

Lower Peninsula, North of US 10 MLRA 94-S, 95, and 96

5/1 to 9/20 5/1 to 6/10 or 8/1 to 9/20

10/25 to freeze-up

Upper Peninsula MLRA 92, 93, and 94-N

5/1 to 9/10 5/1 to 6/15 or 8/1 to 9/20

10/25 to freeze-up

1. Grassed waterways shall be seeded and mulched by September 15. 2. A dormant seeding may be made in late fall to germinate in spring. Dormant seedings must be mulched. Do not seed when

ground is frozen or snow covered. Do not use a dormant seeding on grassed waterways.

TABLE 7 - Trees, Shrubs, and Grasses to Plant on Wind Blown Areas1

Site Condition Vegetation to Plant Grasses to plant on sand dunes, once sand is stable

Prairie Sand Reed2 at 5 lbs. per acre Big Bluestem2 at 5 lbs. per acre Little Bluestem2 at 5 lbs. per acre

Trees to stabilize blowing loamy sands Red Pine, White Pine2, Jack Pine2 Trees to stabilize blowing sands Jack Pine2, Red Pine, “Imperial Carolina”

poplar Trees and shrubs to plant on wet spots of shifting sands

Cottonwood, Shrub Willow2, American Cranberrybush2, Nannyberry2, Red Osier Dogwoods2

Trees to plant on sand dunes adjacent to large lakes

White Pine2,“Imperial Carolina” Poplar, Red Pine, Jack Pine2

1. Where trees and other grasses are to be planted in beachgrass after it has controlled sand movement, but before the grass

becomes too dense (about two years), space trees 6' x 6' to 8' x 8'. For planting instructions, refer to Tree/Shrub Establishment Standard, 612, or the Critical Area Job Sheets 342.1 and 342.2 Dune Stabilization

2. Indicates species best suited for wildlife food or cover. NRCS- Michigan February 2018 Seeding Tables


Seeding Tables

TABLE 8 - Alternative Urban Ground Covers and Shrubs for Critical Areas Small plants such as bugleweed should be set 4 to 6 inches apart; set larger plants like junipers about 3 to 4 feet apart. Spring is the best planting time. This list of plants is not all inclusive, there are other plants, both native and ornamental that can be considered.

* Indicates species best suited for wildlife food or cover.

Plant Height (inch)

Sun Partial Shade

Shade Soil Remarks

Bugleweed 4 to 8 X X X most One of the best perennials; spreads (carpet bugle) soils rapidly. Parent plant has deep green (Ajuga reptans) foliage, blue flowers. Gaiety and

Metallica Crispa varieties have bronze- purple leaves. Silver Beauty’s foliage is cream and light green. Japanese Spurge up to X X fertile, Universally popular evergreen herb. (Pachysandra 6 moist Some plants have small, spiked white terminalis) flowers sometimes followed by white

berries in the fall. Improved forms: Green Carpet, Silver Edge. Juniper * (J. up to X X dry Sometimes called Tamarrix Savin juniper. sabina 24 areas Needlelike silver-green leaves. A good tamariscifolia) spreader for slopes; use as foreground

for deciduous trees or complete ground cover. Juniper * 12 to X X dry Creeping, soft-textured plant; light green (Juniperus 18 areas to steel blue needles frequently turn horizontalis) purple in winter. Lily-of-the-Valley (Convallaria majalis) Sedum album

6 to 10

up to

4

X

X

X

X

rich moist

sandy,

well drained

Fragrant white bell-like flowers; Rosea variety has purplish-pink flowers.

Forms mats of attractive dark-green to red foliage on creeping stems. Not as likely to invade grass areas as Stonecrop.

Stonecrop, up to X X stony, Mats of tiny foliage, good between Goldmoss 4 sandy, stepping stones and in crevices. Spreads (Sedum acre) dry rapidly and can become a weed in grass.

The sedum variety, Dragon’s Blood, is known for its reddish-brown inch high foliage and carmine flowers. Virginia Creeper Climb X X sand to Flowers inconspicuous, yellow-green to (Parthenocissus s to loamy white. Leaves turn a beautiful scarlet in quinquefolia) 20 ft clay Fall. Berries eaten by game birds and

small mammals.


Seeding Tables

TABLE 9 - pH Range for Various Plant Species Field Crops

Barley 6.5 - 7.8 Rape 6.0 - 7.5 Bean 6.0 - 7.5 Rice 6.8 - 5.8 Buckwheat 5.0 - 7.0 Rye 5.5 - 7.0 Corn, all kinds 5.5 - 7.5 Sorghum, all 5.5 - 7.0 Cowpeas 5.5 - 7.0 Soybeans 6.0 - 7.0 Millet 5.5 - 7.0 Tobacco 5.5 - 6.0 Oats 5.0 - 7.0 Wheat 5.5 - 7.0

Grasses Bent Grasses 5.5 - 7.5 Red fescue 5.5 - 6.5 Bluegrass, Kentucky 5.5 - 7.5 Reed Canarygrass 5.5 - 7.5 Bromegrass (smooth) 5.5 - 7.0 Sudan grass 5.5 - 7.5 Canada Wild Rye 5.0 - 8.0 Tall fescue 5.5 - 8.0 Orchard grass 5.5 - 7.5 Timothy 5.5 - 7.5 Redtop 5.5 - 7.5 Virginia Wild Rye 5.0 - 7.4

Legumes Alfalfa 6.3 - 7.8 Clover, Sweet 6.5 - 7.8 Birdsfoot Trefoil 5.5 - 7.0 Lespedeza, Annual 5.5 - 7.0 Clover, Alsike 5.5 - 7.5 Lespedeza, Serricca 6.0 - 6.5 Clover, Ladino & White 6.0 - 7.0 Vetch, common & Hairy 5.0 - 7.0 Clover, Mammoth 6.0 - 7.0 Vetch-crown 6.5 - 8.0 Clover, Red 6.0 - 7.5

Trees Ash, Basswood & Hickory 6.0 - 7.5 Oak, Black 6.0 - 7.0 Beech 5.0 - 6.7 Oak, Red 4.5 - 6.0 Cedar, Red 5.5 - 7.0 Oak, White 5.0 - 6.5 Cedar, White 4.5 - 5.0 Pine, Jack 4.5 - 5.0 Chestnuts 5.0 - 6.5 Pine, Red 5.0 - 6.0 Elder, Box 6.0 - 8.0 Pine, Scotch 5.0 - 6.5 Elm, American 6.0 - 7.5 Pine, Yellow 5.0 - 6.0 Fir, Balsam & Hemlock 5.0 - 6.0 Pine, White 4.5 - 6.0 Fir, Douglas 6.0 - 7.0 Spruce, Norway/White 5.0 - 6.0 Maple 6.0 - 7.5 Willow, Pussy 6.5 - 8.0

Truck Crops Asparagus 6.0 - 8.0 Okra & Onions 6.0 - 6.5 Bean, garden & field 5.5 - 6.5 Parsley 5.5 - 6.0 Beets, garden 6.0 - 7.0 Parsnips 5.5 - 6.7 Beets, sugar 6.0 - 7.5 Peas 6.0 - 7.5 Brussel Sprouts 5.7 - 7.0 Peppers 5.5 - 6.5 Cabbage 5.7 - 7.0 Potato, Irish 5.2 - 6.5 Cantaloupe 6.0 - 6.5 Potato, Sweet 5.0 - 5.7 Carrot 5.7 - 7.0 Pumpkin 5.5 - 6.5 Cauliflower 6.0 - 7.0 Radish 5.5 - 6.5 Cucumber 5.5 - 6.7 Rape 6.0 - 7.5 Celery 6.0 - 7.0 Salsify 6.0 - 6.5 Eggplant 5.5 - 6.0 Squash 5.5 - 6.5 Kale, Spinach, Swiss Chard 5.7 - 7.0 Strawberries 5.3 - 6.5 Kohlrabi 5.5 - 6.5 Tomato 5.5 - 6.7 Lettuce 6.0 - 7.0 Turnip 5.5 - 6.5 Mustard 5.5 - 6.5 Watermelons 5.0 – 5.5

Miscellaneous Apples 5.7 - 7.5 Holly 5.0 – 5.5 Azalea 5.0 - 5.5 Raspberries 5.0 – 7.0 Blueberries 5.0 - 5.5 Rhododendron 5.0 – 5.5 Cranberries 5.0 - 5.5


Seeding Tables

Table 1: Cross Wind Trap Strip Alternatives

Perennial Grasses Single Species Seed Rate lbs./ac Mixture Seed Rate lbs./ac Big Bluestem 10-20 Indiangrass 10-15 Intermediate Wheatgrass 8-12 Little Bluestem 10-15 Meadow Foxtail 12-15 4-10 Orchardgrass 10-12 4-6 Perennial Ryegrass 20-25 4-10 Redtop 8-12 2-5 Smooth Bromegrass 12-20 6-12 Switchgrass 5-10 2.5 Tall Wheatgrass 8-12 Timothy 10-12

Legumes* Mixtures Lbs/ac Alfalfa (vernal) 6-10 Alsike Clover 2-4 Ladino Clover ½ -2 Medium Red Clover 4-8 White Dutch Clover

* Add to grass mixtures listed above.

Annuals Lbs/ac Winter Rye 120 Annual Ryegrass 15-20 *

Drilled. Increase to 25-30 lb. if Broadcast seeded


Seeding Tables

TABLE 1 – Planting Table for Grasses, Legumes, and other Forbs

Species or

Seeding Mixture

Cool/ Warm

Season

Seeding Rate

(Lb/Acre)

Established Density

(Stems Per Ft2)

Minimum Mowing

Height (In.) 1/

Sediment Trapping

Nutrient Trapping

Smooth Bromegrass Cool 15-30 50 4 Y

Garrison Creeping Foxtail

Cool 6-10 70 4 Y

Orchardgrass Cool 10-15 70 4 Y Y Reed Canarygrass Cool 10 50 4 Y Y

Tall Fescue ** Cool 15-25 60 4 Y Tall wheatgrass Cool 8-12 6 Y Prairie grasses

Intermediate Cool 8-12 60 4 Wheatgrass Y

Big Bluestem Warm 10-20* 40-50 12 Y

Eastern Gamagrass Warm 8* 40 12 Y Y

Indiangrass Warm 10-15* 40-50 12 Y

Switchgrass Warm 5-10* 50 12 Y

Timothy Cool 5-10 60 4 Y Y Alfalfa 6-10

Bromegrass Cool 6-12 60 4 Y Y Alfalfa 6-10

Orchardgrass Cool 2-5 60 4 Y Y Alfalfa 6-10

2/ Wildflowers Native Forbs

8-11 3/ Variable See Species Guide

Y

1. Do not cut less than this height before and after establishment. 2. Sow either as a solid border or a spot seeding. 3. Could be required annually in the fall to spread and re-seed some species. * Pounds of PLS - Pure Live Seed. ** Include novel or endophyte free tall fescue if area is planned for grazing or forage.


Seeding Tables

TABLE 1 - Planting Table for Grasses and Legumes Recommended species of grasses, legumes, and other Forbes. (Select one of the species or seeding mixes below.)

Species or Seeding Mixture

Cool/ Warm

Season

Seeding Rate

(Lb./Acre)

Established Density

(Stems/Ft2)

Minimum Mowing

Height (In.)

Sediment Trapping

Nutrient Trapping

Wildlife Value

Single Grass Species Smooth Bromegrass Cool 15-30 50 4 Y Garrison Creeping Foxtail Cool 6-10 70 4 Y Orchardgrass Cool 10-15 70 4 Y Y Y Reed Canarygrass Cool 10 50 4 Y Y Tall Fescue ** Cool 15-25 60 4 Y Tall Wheatgrass *** Cool 8-12 6 Y Y Introduced Plant Mixtures Timothy Cool 5-10 60 4 Y Y Y Alfalfa 6-10 Bromegrass Cool 6-12 60 4 Y Y Y Alfalfa 6-10 Orchardgrass Cool 2-5 60 4 Y Y Y Alfalfa 6-10 Orchardgrass 2.5 70 4 Timothy 2.5 Red Clover 3 Alfalfa 3 Orchardgrass 2.5 70 4 Redtop 1 Alsike Clover 3 White Dutch Clover 3 Prairie Grasses Intermediate Wheatgrass Cool 8-12 60 4 Y Y Big Bluestem Warm 10-20 40-50 10-12 Y Y Eastern Gamagrass Warm 8* 40 10-12 Y Y Y Indiangrass Warm 10-15* 40-50 12 Y Y Native Plants Switchgrass Warm 5-10* 50 12 Y Y Big Blue Stem 2 * 50 12 Indiangrass 2 Little Blue Stem 2 Wildflower Mixture 0.5

* Pounds of PLS - Pure Live Seed. ** Use Endophyte-free tall fescue if area is planned for grazing or forage. *** Do not include tall wheatgrass with filter strips for forestland applications.


Seeding Tables

See Table 2 342 page 23-24


Seeding Tables

TABLE 1 - SUITABLE PLANTS FOR HERBACEOUS WIND BARRIERS

SEEDING

RATE

SEEDING

RATE

ESTABLISHED

Minimum Number of Rows For

Erosion Control : Snow Mgmt.

PLANT SPECIES Plants/AC Pounds/AC Plants/10 Ft. Row

(40-50% : (60-75% porosity) : porosity)

SWEET CORN 36” Rows 31,000 21 5 3 36,000 25 4 3 41,000 28 4 2 POPCORN Twin Row (36” apart)

56,000 30 2 2

30” Rows 13,000 8 15 9 18,000 10 11 7 23,000 13 8 6 36” Rows 13,000 9 12 8 18,000 12 9 6 23,000 16 7 5 PEARL MILLET 7” Rows 4 46 11 6 5 57 9 5 6 68 8 4 30” Rows 4 195 3 2 5 244 2 1 6 293 2 1 36” Rows 4 234 2 1 5 293 2 1 6 351 2 1 SORGHUM 7” Rows 300,000 20 40 3 2 375,000 25 50 3 2 450,000 30 60 2 1 30” Rows 75,000 5 43 3 2 150,000 10 86 2 1 225,000 15 129 1 1 36” Rows 75,000 5 52 3 2 150,000 10 103 1 1 225,000 15 155 1 1 SUDANGRASS 7” Rows 220,000 4 30 15 9 275,000 5 37 12 7 330,000 6 44 10 6 30” Rows 220,000 4 126 4 2 275,000 5 158 3 2 330,000 6 189 2 1


Seeding Tables

TABLE 1 - SUITABLE PLANTS FOR HERBACEOUS WIND BARRIERS CONTINUED

SUNFLOWER 30” Rows

17,000 22,000

10 13

12 8 19 6

27,000 16 8 5 36” Rows 17,000 12 10 7 22,000 15 8 5 27,000 19 6 4 TALL WHEATGRASS (JOSE) (6” Rows) 15 136 4 2 20 181 3 2 25 227 2 2 * SWITCHGRASS (6” Rows) 3 134 4 2 4 179 3 2 5 223 2 2 * BIG BLUESTEM (6” Rows) 7 132 4 2 9 170 3 2 11 208 2 2 MISCHANTHUS SPP. (6” Rows) Plug 136 4 2 179 3 2 208 2 2 * Native species. Big Bluestem will require a fluffy seed drill or beardless seed

natural resources conservation service - usda...table 5 broadcast seeding warm season grasses:...

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