Natural Resources Natural Resources Management in Sub-Sahara Management in Sub-Sahara Africa and the Contribution Africa and the Contribution

of JIRCAS to CARDof JIRCAS to CARD

Satoshi TobitaCrop Production & Environment Div.

JIRCAS

OutlinesOutlines

JIRCAS and its missionImportance of R&D on natural

resources management in SSACurrent R&D activities of JIRCAS

in AfricaContribution of JIRCAS to CARD

Structure of National Agricultural R&D Activities in Japan

AFFRC Secretariat

National AgriculturalResearch Organization (NARO)

National Institute of AgrobiologicalSciences (NIAS)

　 National Institute for Agro-　 Environmental Sciences (NIAES)

Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) 　

Forestry Agency

Fisheries Agency

Forestry and Forest ProductsResearch Institute(FFPRI)

FisheriesResearchAgency(FRA)

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF)

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council (AFFRC)

JIRCASMission: To contribute to the improvement of agriculture, forestry and fisheriestechnologies in developing regions by

conducting collaborative researches.

Annual budget 39 million US$ (2008)No. of researchers 106 (2008)

• HQ in Tsukuba (60 km N of Tokyo) Research Front in Ishigaki (a sub-tropical island) • Research area (1) Information and Economy (2) Biological Resources (3) Environ. Management (4) Animal and Forages (5) Forestry (6) Fisheries

Only Institute dispatching researchers in long-in long-term basisterm basis. More than 20 researchers stay and work 2-3 yrs.

ResultsReportsMaterials

2-5 years

Identify theme

Research plan

JIRCAS Counterpart

ResearchField/laboratory experiments

EquipmentResearchersGoods & travel costCapacity building

FacilityResearchersAdministration service

Invitation & visitsInvitation & visits

Our Method of Collaboration

　 CIATAnti-drought upland rice

Africa Rice Center (WARDA)(Nigeria)　　　　 Development of Nerica

CIP

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ICARDA　　　　　 Anti-drought wheat　　　　　　　　

IITA

ICRISAT (Niger)Soil fertility improvement

ILRI

IWMI

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CIFOR

World Fish Center

IRRIWater-saving cultivationAnti-drought rice

World Agroforestry Center

Bioversity International

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IFPRI JIRCAS

Ongoing collaboration Collaboration in the past

CIMMYT 　　 Anti-drought wheat　　

JIRCAS is a key partner of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)

JIRCAS’s Collaboration in Africa (1)

Initial collaboration with IARCs in Kenya with ILRI (1980-2006) 　 Tripanosomasis in Nigeria with IITA (1990-95) Drought tolerance (cowpea) in Kenya with ICIPE (1994-2004) 　 Locusts management in Cote d’Ivoire & Mali with WARDA (1997-now,) Rice

Ongoing projects NERICA related project 　 with WARDA in Nigeria, with IRAG (Guinea) Fertility improvement of sandy soils 　　　　 with ICRISAT and INRAN (Niger)

JIRCAS’s Collaboration in Africa (2)

Projects newly assigned to JIRCAS with the inclusion of J-Green (from April 2008)

Toward the improvement of natural resources management

systems in Japan and developing countries in Ethiopia (2004-09) Prevention of desertification in Ethiopia (2007-09) Water harvesting in Niger (2007-11)　 Cyclic use of water (funded by MAFF) in Niger (2005-09) Sahel Oasis (funded by JICA) in Ghana & Ethiopia, (2008-2012)　 Rice water control in Mali & Niger (2008-2012) Natural resources

management

(counterparts are all national organizations)

Mid-term plan (2006-2010): 4 pillarsUtilize biological resources for stable

production and multi-purpose applications under adverse environments

Develop technologies for the management of natural environmental resources for sustainable agriculture

Elucidate the impact of global environmental changes on agriculture

Collect, analyze, and disseminate information related to international food and agriculture

JIRCAS R&D Priorities

Technology development for sustainable soil management systems in the tropics1. Asian monsoon area: Soil with high

organic matter input2. African Sahel area: Soil with low

organic matter input

Develop technologies for the management of natural environmental resources for sustainable agriculture (Pillar 2)

JIRCAS R&D Priorities

Two targets toward the goal under the Pillar 2

Bellagio Statements in 2002 Soil fertility degradation has been the single

most important constraint to food security in Sub-Sahara Africa.

An international alliance for tackling these soil fertility issues was proposed with long-term perspective and holistic approach in the concept of Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM).

Importance of NRM in SSA

JIRCAS has recognized them with actions:

Proposed a broader alliance comprised of research institutes from developed countries.Started a new research project in the Sahel.

Especially low in Sub-Sahara Africa & Middle East

After TERRASTAT (FAO)

After TERRASTAT (FAO)

Especially low in Sub-Sahara Africa & Middle East

The Sahel was selected as the project site because the soil fertility has been most threatened

Objectives:Development of technology options for affordable

and sustainable soil fertility management systems targeting the sandy soils in the Sahel,

by the elucidation of the function of soil organic matters from kinds of indigenous origins, and

by the evaluation of plant genetic resources for their role in soil fertility maintenance/restoration.

ICRISAT-JIRCAS Collaborative Project2003-2010

Improvement of fertility of sandy soilsImprovement of fertility of sandy soilsin the semi-arid zone of West Africain the semi-arid zone of West Africa

through organic matter managementthrough organic matter management

ICRISAT-JIRCAS Collaborative Project2003-2010

Improvement of fertility of sandy soilsImprovement of fertility of sandy soilsin the semi-arid zone of West Africain the semi-arid zone of West Africa

through organic matter managementthrough organic matter management

Improvement in nutrient cycles by enhancing integrated crop-livestock system.

Introduction of improved multiple-purpose legumes and plant resources enhancing soil fertility into the production systems.

Enhancement of the soil organic carbon pool as an integrator of various biochemical functions in the soil.

Application of organic matters together with mineral fertilizers, and

Soil conservation to control soil loss and improve water capture and use efficiency.

Under the ISFM (Integrated Soil Fertility Management) principles:

ICRISAT-JIRCAS Collaborative Project2003-2010

Dual-purpose semi-erect type cowpea cultivars and their intercropping Soil chemical properties and pearl millet yield

Use of indigenous organic matters, i.e., transfer manure, crop residues, household wastes etc. C and N cycles and quantification in the farming

system Decomposition and termite activity

Synergy of organic and inorganic fertilizers Modeling for long-term and wide-scale

Biological and physical properties of fallow vegetation Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) Reduction of wind erosion and capture of wind-blown

materials Prevention of desertification

Technology options being verified in farmers’ field

Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD

Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) is the initiative led by JICA and AGRA, to double rice production in Africa in ten years (2008-2017).

JIRCAS is a member of the Steering Committee of CARD together with WARDA and IRRI to support research components of the initiative.

Development of new rice varieties with tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses in Africa

Contribution to next generation NERICA

Drought tolerance

Possibility of Expanding Rice Producing Area

QTL of rooting depthDREB transformation

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Asian Rice African Rice●Nerica (New Rice for Africa)

○ Advantages of Nerica 　・ Early Maturing　・ High Yield

New Traits

Blast resistance Phosphorus deficiency tolerance

Sets of differential varieties developed by JIRCAS and IRRI

Nipponbare NIL-Pup1

Locus of low-P tolerance identified by JIRCAS and IRRI

Higher potential yield: >3 Mt/ha Large (190 mil. ha) but unused area (<15%

utilized) in SSA

Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD

Rain-fed lowland is the most to contribute to the goal of CARD

JIRCAS starts two new activities on the rice system in rain-fed lowland

Development of small-scale inland valleysCollaboration with “Sawah Project” and “JICA T

echnical Cooperation Project”Power tiller utilization

Research on the natural resources management technologies for sustainable rice production in the rain-fed lowland (new project starting from 2009)

Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD

Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD

Duration: 6 years (Apr. 2009 - Mar. 2015)Budget: 150 million JPY in 6 years (JIRCAS core)Target: rain-fed lowland rice ecology in inland valley swamps

Goal: Low input and sustainable rice production system

Study site: around Kumasi, GhanaImplementing agencies:

Japan: JIRCAS (leading), Kinki Univ., etc.Ghana: Crop Res. Inst., Soil Res. Inst., Water

Resources Res. Inst.

A new project：“Development of low-input rice cultivation system in wetland in Africa”

Outlines

Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD

1.Development of soil fertility management technologies with use of locally available resourcesnutrients, organic matters, rotating crops,

phosphate rocks

2.Development of crop management technologies to increase productivity of rain-fed riceweed control, light and water utilization

3.Evaluation and selection of superb rice genotypes adapted to rain-fed lowland conditionshigher resource use efficiency, G x E

4.Establishment and verification of rice cultivation models adapted to low-input system

A new project：“Development of low-input rice cultivation system in wetland in Africa”Activities (Project components)

Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD

Characterization of natural resources for rice production in the rain-fed lowland system

Guideline (manual) for soil fertility management

Guideline (manual) for crop management

Suitable rice varieties for rain-fed lowland conditions

Guideline for integrated cropping-system models for low-input rice production

A new project：“Development of low-input rice cultivation system in wetland in Africa”

Outputs (Expected results)

JIRCAS major activities in Africa since 2009

• Cyclic Water Use in Niger

• Soil Fertility Improvement in the Sahel with ICRISAT

• Inland Valley Development in Ghana & Ethiopia

• Low-input Rice System in the Rain-fed Ecology in Ghana

Natural Resource Management

Contribution of JIRCAS to CARD

Crop Improvement

• Yam Production System with IITA

• New Generation of NERICA with WARDA

• JIRCAS Liaison Office in Ghana with FARA

Research Strategy

JIRCAS can contribute to CARD!

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!Merci pour votre attention !Merci pour votre attention !