INTERACTION

UNIT 1 NATURAL SCIENCE

•WHICH ARE THE FIVE SENSES?

•WHY ARE THEY SO IMPORTANT?

•WHERE DOES THE INFORMATION RECEIVED TRAVEL TO?

•WHY IS THE BRAIN SO IMPORTANT?

•WHICH KINDS/TYPES OF ACTIONS ARE CONTROLLED BY THE BRAIN?

HUMAN BEINGS

are living things

THEY PERFORM THREE VITAL FUNCTIONS

INTERACTION REPRODUCTION NUTRUTION

SEXUAL(2 organisms:

male and female)

ASEXUAL (1 organism is

required)

5 senses

NervousSystem

Locomotor system

Omnivore

Carnivore

Herbivore

INTERACTION

The locomotor system gives a specific response to each stimulus

We receive information through our 5 sense organs

The brain processes the information from our senses and sends messages to different parts of

the body

ANALYSE AND ORGANISE: key vocabulary

THE NEURON: TRANSFER INFORMATION

THROUGH THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

ANALYSE AND ORGANISE

SPINAL CORD: mostimportant NERVE

SPINE: PROTECT theSpinal Cord

ANALYSE AND ORGANISE: key vocabulary

TASTE BUDS

ANALYSE AND ORGANISE: key vocabulary

ANALYSE AND ORGANISE

NOSTRILS

ANALYSE AND ORGANISE: key vocabulary

SENSE ORGANS: SIGHT

eyelid

lens

cornea

iris

eyelash

retina

Optic nervepupil

SENSE ORGANS: HEARING

Outer ear Inner ear

Middleear Auditory nerve

AURICLE

Ear canal or

auditorycanal

Eardrum

Cochlea

Inside the ear canal you will find earwax

SENSE ORGANS: SMELL AND TASTE

NOSTRILS

NERVE RECEPTORS

Olfactorynerve

TongueTASTE BUDS

If you feel under the weather, your nose

will probably be blocked with snot.

SENSE ORGANS: SMELL AND TASTE

sour

sweet salty bitter

umami

SENSE ORGANS: TOUCH

DERMIS

EPIDERMIS

NERVE

BLOOD VESSELS:

ARTERIES AND VEINS

Types of textures: smooth and rough, hard

and soft.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM: functions

•The NERVOUS SYSTEM processes/analyses the information from our senses and sends messages from

the brain to different parts of the body such as the locomotor system.

This allows us to respond to the stimuli from our senses

•The NERVOUS SYSTEM controls our internal systems such as the digestive or respiratory system.

NERVOUS SYSTEM: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

BRAINSPINAL CORD: reflex actions

CEREBRUM: cognitive thinking

CEREBELLUM: movement and balance

BRAIN STEM: involuntary actions

SKULL

Is made up of

NERVOUS SYSTEM: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

is made up of

NERVES

are made up of

TINY CELLS CALLED

NEURONS

They transfer information through the Nervous System using

electrical signals

Sensory neurons (carry information from our sense organs to the brain)

Motor neurons (send messages from the

brain to our locomotor system)

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

SENSORY NEURONS

MOTOR NEURONS

LOCOMOTOR OR MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

BONES

JOINTS

MUSCLES

They make up our

skeleton.Over 200

bones!

The place where two bones meet

(se encuentran)

or they are joined.

They allow us to move. They can contract

and relax.

They are controlled by the Nervous

System

The Skeleton: FUNCTIONS

Our skeleton protects the main organs of

our bodies.

My brain is protected by my skull.

My heart and lungs are protected by my rib

cage.

Our skeleton also supports our bodies and keeps them

upright.

Without the supportof our skeletons our

bodies would fall to the floor!

The Skeleton: FUNCTIONS

Our skeleton helps us to walk, run and move.

Our muscles are attached to our bones with tendons. We can move because these tendons pull our bones

backwards and forwards.

The Skeleton: FUNCTIONS

The Skeleton

LONG BONESSuch as femur and humerus. They are in our limbs.

SHORT BONESSuch as our vertebrae.

FLAT BONESSuch as the parts of our skullor our scapula.

JOINTS

SHOULDERS

ELBOWS

WRISTS

ANKLES

KNEES

HIPS

FIXED JOINTS They can’t move. The parts of the skull.

SEMI-FLEXIBLE JOINTS They allow a small amount of movement. Vertebrae in our spine.

FLEXIBLE JOINTS They allow us to move.Knees, shoulders, ankles…

Bones are connected at the joints by strong elastic tissue called LIGAMENTS.

OVER 600 MUSCLES!SKELETAL MUSCLES: VOLUNTARY

These muscles are joined to the bones by TENDONS

OVER 600 MUSCLES!

SMOOTH MUSCLES: They are found in organs such as intestines or stomach. INVOLUNTARY muscles.

CARDIAC MUSCLE: Make up the heart. INVOLUNTARY muscles.