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Natural VegetationA plant community that has not been disturbed over along period.

Virgin Vegetation Plants which grow naturally without any human resources.

Eco-systemAn ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment interacting as a system.

Wildlife SantuaryIt is similar to national park but is dedicated to protect wildlife and conserve species.

Natural Vegetation

Vegetation is a very general term for the plant life; it refers to the ground cover provided by plants.

It is broader than the term flora which refers exclusively to species composition.

Perhaps the closest synonym is plant community, but vegetation can, and often does, refer to a wider range of spatial scales than that term does, including scales as large as the global.

Primeval redwood forests, coastal mangrove stands, sphagnum bogs, desert soil crusts, roadside weed patches, wheat fields, cultivated gardens and lawns; all are encompassed by the term vegetation.

Much of the work on vegetation classification comes from European and North American ecologists, and they have fundamentally different approaches.

Eco-System

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system.

These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment.

Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem.

Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance.

Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession..

Wild Life

The wildlife in India comprises a mix of species of different types of organisms.

The region's rich and diverse wildlife is preserved in 89 national parks, 18 Bio reserves and 400+ wildlife sanctuaries across the country.

Since India is home to a number of rare and threatened animal species, wildlife management in the country is essential to preserve these species. According to one study, India along with 17 mega diverse countries is home to about 60-70 % of the world's biodiversity.

India, lying within the Indomalaya ecozone, is home to about 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of avian, 6.2% of reptilian, and 6.0% of flowering plant species.

Soon thereafter, mammals entered India from Asia through too zoogeographical t passes on either side of the emerging Himalaya.

Natural Vegetation Wild LifeEco-System

Types of Vegetation

Natural vegetation and animal life are also called flora and fauna respectively.

Natural vegetation and animal life depend on climate, relief and soil.

There are 5 types of vegetation.

They are (i) Tropical evergreen forest (ii) Tropical deciduous forest (iii) Tropical thorn forest and scrubs (iv) Montane forest (v) Mangrove forest.

TROPICAL EVERGREEN FOREST

The heavy rainfall, high temperature and humidity are

responsible for the growth of these dense forests.

This type of vegetation is found in areas where rainfall

is above 250 cms and temperature ranges between 250C and

270C.

The trees grow about 60 mts. high.

The branches of trees form a canopy

and prevent the sun's rays from

reaching the ground.

The semievergreen forests are found in the lower rainfall areas of

the Western Ghats, Orissa and West Bengal. Ebony,

mahogany, rose-wood and rubber are the important trees.

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TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST

These forests are also called monsoon forests. They cover a greater part of India.

They are found in regions where the rainfall is between

75cms. and 250 cms.

These forests are found on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, Jammu, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Orissa,

Bihar and Jharkhand. In these forests, the trees are fewer and shorter.

Bamboos and canes are also grown here. The trees shed their

leaves at the beginning of summer. The important trees of these forests are teak, sal and sandal-wood.

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TROPICAL THORN FOREST SCRUBS

The annual rainfall is between 60 and 75

cms.

These forests have short stemmed trees like Babul

andKasavi trees and coarse grass.

These forests are found in the central parts of the Deccan Plateau, southern

parts of Maharashtra, Bellary of Karnataka,

Cuddapha and Kurnool of Andhra Pradesh.

Palms and kikar trees are also found

here.

THORN

MANGROVE FOREST

These forests are formed due to tides

so there are also called as tidal

forests.

They are found along the deltas and

estuaries of rivers that are subjected to

tides.

The deltas of rivers Ganges, Godavari,

Mahanadi and Krishna have these forests. In

the Ganges delta, there are plenty of Sundari trees and the forests

are known as ‘Sunderbans’.

These trees are used for making furniture

and boats. These forests also yield

firewood and tanning material. Canes, palms

and "Kendale" trees are also found here.

TIDAL

MONTANE FOREST

Different types of vegetation are found

in the Himalayan mountains. The lower

regions of the Himalayas have

tropical evergreen forests upto 1,500 mts.

Teak, sal and rose-wood are the

important trees. Temperate forests are found between 1,500 to 3,650 mts.

The vegetation changes with

altitude and rainfall. Other names are

coniferous forest and alpine vegetation.

The important trees of this vegetation are silver fir, oak, spruce, laurels, chestnut etc. Grasslands are found in altitude between 3,650 to 4,875 mts.

MO

NTA

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Wild lifeIndia is home to many national parks and within these a fantastic array of wildlife, much of it unique.

Wildlife India tours offers packages to the National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of India.

Travel to a luxuriant humid jungle and watch the Tigers, Elephants, Rhinos, Birds and many more in the wilderness.

Hear the sound of a Panther snarling in the jungle, feel the earth rumble as a Rhino charges past, and marvel at the graceful sight of Cranes and Flamingoes in flight around their nesting grounds in the wildlife sanctuaries in India.

Our wildlife journeys combine incredible scenery and remarkable cultures but they give attention to mainly on wonderful wildlife.

All our fanatical wildlife tours are designed to ensure you splurge the utmost length of time within the best national reserves being escorted by the best naturalist guides.

By, M.S.Nishaanth VA 9C 15