Nature of science

What is science

Knowledge of facts and laws arranged in an orderly fashion.

Scientific law- is a rule supported by a body of scientific knowledge, that is believed to be true.

Key termsScience

Law

Scientific method

Hypothesis

Experiment

Sample

Control

Constant

Dependent variable

Independent variable

SI

Mass

Volume

Density

Microscope

Charts

Diagrams

Mean

Mode

Median

A branch of science that looks at past civilizations based on:

technological studies

radiometric dating

relative age of relics.

Scientific methodMake observationsAsk a question based on observationsHypothesis- make an educated guess about an expectationBased on the hypothesis make a predictionDesign an experiment to test the hypothesisSet experimental controlsRun your experimentBased on the outcome make a theory or find a new hypothesis and start againCommunicate your results

Simple Experiment Lab.

Make observations

Make predictions, formulate a question

or hypothesisDesign an experiment

Some hypothesis

are supported

Some hypothesis are rejected

Form a Theory

Inference

Is a conclusion that can be drawn from an observation based on what you already know!

Hypothesis

Must be testable

The experiment

Must be repeatable

Sample size

Must be adequate to get results

But not be so large that it can’t be tested.

Controls

The control group is the group that receives no treatment.

What is being done (steps)

Independent variable

The thing that is changed.

Dependent variable

The thing that is being measured or tested. IE the growth of a set of plants or animals.

Constant

The factors that stay the same.

IE the amount of water or sunlight.

Measurement

Weight : Measure of the force of gravity on an item. Will not be the same everywhere.

Measurement

Mass - The amount of matter in an object.

Volume

The amount of space occupied by matter.

V = L x W x H

Will always be written in the 3rd power because it measures 3 items.

Density

The rate of mass in an amount of volume.

Is written like this. g/cm3

D = M Is the formula to find density.V

Measurement SI(System international)

Length- meter-M

Mass- kilogram-kg

Volume- liter-L 1ml = 1centimeter3

Time –second-s

Electric current- ampere- A

Thermodynamic temperature- Kelvin- K

Amount of a substance –mole – mol.

Luminous intensity- Candela- cd

SI Prefixes

Kilo k 1,000

Hecto h 100

Decka da 10

Deci d 0.1

Centi c 0.01

Milli m 0.001

Micro u 0.0000001

SI units Area meters square m

Circumference

Volume cubic meters m

Mass density kg /cubic meter or g/ cubic centimeter kg/m3 g/cm3

Fraction- part to whole

Decimal- Expression of a fraction or power

Celsius temperature degree c C

2 2

33

0 0

Microscopy and measurement

A microscope is an instrument that produces an enlarged image of an object. Pg. 196 C

EyepieceOcular lens

Body tube

Focus

Objective lenses

Storage clip Slide

Light source Stage

Nosepiece

Magnification -The apparent increase in size.

Resolution-the power to show details clearly.

The two main types of data

Quantitative data uses numbers.

Qualitative data uses color changes or observed differences.

Tables and charts

Histogram

Circle charts or pie charts

Scatter plots

Stem and leaf plots

Line and double line

Best fit line

Ways to communicate Data

Mathematical Standards

Mean- The average number Sum/by number of items.

Mode - the most repeated number or data result ( the most common way)

Median- the middle number in a series.

Math skills

Ratio and proportion 2 to 1 is 2:1

Percentage 25 out of 100 is 25%

Significant figures 2.56 rounds to 2.6

Scientific notation or powers 103

Venn diagrams

Think like a scientist

Make close observations

Infer (use what you know and build on it)

Make predictions based on knowledge

Classify organisms in an orderly fashion

Make models to study

Communicate your ideas clearly with others

Science can be fun

We all use science to make discoveries, this year you will learn just how cool science can be.