navigating through the a.i. landscape€¦ · –it connect to (almost) any kind of data : video,...
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Navigating through the
A.I. Landscape
Will Vick
AI Business Development
Technical Strategy
HPC/AI Competency Center
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AI ecosystemA working solution requires every layer of this stack
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Hardware– Memory
– Storage
– Network
– Hardware accelerators
Software– Custom applications
– As-a-service offerings
– Machine learning and deep learning frameworks and libraries
(TensorFlow, Caffe, Scikit-learn, …), data platforms
– Systems software and libraries (CUBLAS, MKL, cuDNN, MKL-DNN)
Data– Public data sources
– Proprietary data collections
– Data labeling providers
Expertise– Advisory / consulting services
– Vertical SMEs
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Hardware
Software
Deep learning ecosystem
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Keras
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What is the optimal hardware and software configuration for my deep learning workload?
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How many GPUs per node?
How many nodes in a cluster?
InfiniBand or Ethernet?
Which CPUs and how many?
Does storage matter?
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One size does NOT fit all
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Model(topology of artificial neural
network)Application
Data type
Data size
Optimal hardware
and software
How many layers
How many neurons per layer
Connections between neurons
(types of layers)
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Deep Learning Frameworks
– Frameworks are really the ‘schedulers’ for the Deep Learning workload
– It connect to (almost) any kind of data : Video, Images, Sounds, Signals, Text, time series,…
– in (virtually) any format : available on a filesystem, in DB format, Big data (Kafka, Spark,…)
– They are programmed with scripts with high level languages
– Python for TensorFlow,
– Lua
– C++
– Or can interact with Data Scientists Tools
– Matlab
– R
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Phases of machine learning
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Ingest Transform TrainValidate
with inference
Inference in production
deploy
training
inference
NVIDIA TensorRT
(CNTK)
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Most popular frameworks
8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_deep_learning_software
Software Affiliated
company
Supported HW Written in Interface Good for
x86
NVIDIA GPUs
AMD GPUs
C++, Python Python, C++,
Java, Go, Swift
All use cases
x86
NVIDIA GPUs
C++ Python Natural language
processing
x86
NVIDIA GPUs
C++, Python Python, C++,
Scala, Julia,
Perl, R
All use cases
x86
NVIDIA GPUs
AMD GPUs
C++ Python, bash Image processing
x86
NVIDIA GPUs
C++ bash Speech recognition
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Deep learning frameworks and their dependencies
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Optimized linear algebra libraries, many
support BLAS interface, hardware specific
Hardware-specific libraries for basic operations for
deep neural networks (BLAS + FFT, convolutions, etc)
Deep learning and machine learning frameworks
High-level APIs
UI, development tools
(TensorFlow, CNTK, Theano, MXNet)
cuBLAS, MKL, OpenBLAS, rocBLAS, MIOpenGEMM
Accelerator-specific drivers and softwareNVIDIA drivers, CUDA, ROCm
Brew (Caffe2)TF Layers (TensorFlow)
Gluon (MXNet)
NVIDIA DIGITS (Caffe, Torch, TensorFlow)
CNTK
MIOpen
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Convolutional Neural networks
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Scope : Mainly used for images and video, could easily
cover text and audio.
Typical use: Feed in images and the network that
classifies the data. They can identify object, faces, cars,
animals an so on.
The biological inspiration for CNNs is the visual cortex in
different animals. The cells in the visual cortex are sensitive
to small regions of the input. We call this the visual field.
These smaller regions are unified together to cover all the
visual field.
Image source: http://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo/
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RNN-Sequence data
Music generation ∅
Speech recognition“The quick brown fox jumped
over the lazy dog.”
Sentiment classification“There is nothing to like
in this movie.”
DNA sequence analysis AGCCCCTGTGAGGAACTAG AGCCCCTGTGAGGAACTAG
Machine translation Voulez-vous chanter avec
moi?Do you want to sing with
me?
Video activity recognition Running
Name entity recognition Yesterday, Harry Potter
met Hermione Granger.
Yesterday, Harry Potter
met Hermione Granger.
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RNN types
𝑥<2> 𝑥<𝑇𝑥>
𝑎<0>
𝑥<1>
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⋯
Many to one
𝑎<0>
𝑥<1>
𝑦<𝑇𝑦>
⋯
𝑥<2> 𝑥<𝑇𝑥>
𝑦<1> 𝑦<2>
Many to many Many to many
𝑎<0>
𝑥<1>
𝑦<1>
⋯
𝑥<𝑇𝑥>
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⋯⋯
One to many
𝑎<0>
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𝑦<1> 𝑦<2> 𝑦<𝑇𝑦>
⋯
Music Generation Sentiment Analysis
Machine Translation
Name Entity Recognition
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Distributed training
NCCL and NCCL 2, NVIDIA Collective Communications Library(TensorFlow, PyTorch, MXNet, Caffe2, Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit)
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https://developer.nvidia.com/nccl
RPC framework(TensorFlow)
https://grpc.io/
Gloo, a collective communications library(PyTorch, Caffe2)
https://github.com/facebookincubator/gloo
MPI-based distributed training(TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch)
https://github.com/uber/horovod
OpenMPI: https://www.open-mpi.org/
MPICH: https://www.mpich.org/
MPI
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Distributed training
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Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 …. Node N
MPI (CUDA aware)1 – Binding MPI processes to GPU & Interconnect
2 – Hovorod handle parameter distribution
3 - Multi-GPU handling
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Optimizing scaling with Horovod
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Optimized stack
– Run on professional OS :
– RHEL, Centos, SUSE, Scientific Linux
– Secured & patch kernel
– Large support for enterprise architecture
– Filesystems : Lustre ,Weka.io, GPFS, HDFS, …
– Get the most of the hardware with :
– Optimized libraries
– GPU : Cuda runtime
– Math : MKL, CuBlas, CuDnn, Sci-py
– Build Framework with state-of-art :
– Optimized instructions set
– Optimized GPU support
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• Numaoptimisation
• CPU / GPU pinning
• GPU RDMA
• IB / OPA
• Big Data
• CuDNN (math)
• NCCL (communications)
• Latest Nvidia GPU already supported on HPE servers
Hardware Software
TuningStart-of-
art topologies
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HPE Deep Learning CookbookTools to guide choice of the best hardware and software for deep learning
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Eliminate the “guesswork”
when choosing hardware and software
for deep learning
Validate
new hardware/software configuration
Get started fast
with technology recipes
https://www.hpe.com/software/dl-cookbook
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HPE Deep Learning CookbookMain components
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HPE Deep Learning
Performance Guide
HPE Deep Learning Benchmarking Suite
Reference Designs
Automated benchmarking tool
to collect performance of
different deep learning
workloads on various
hardware and software
configurations.
Available on GitHub
A web-based tool to guide a
choice of optimal hardware
and software configuration via
analysis of collected
performance data and
applying performance models.
http://dlpg.labs.hpe.com/
Reference hardware/software
stacks for particular classes of
deep learning workloads.
Image Classification
Reference Designs released
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HPE Deep Learning Benchmarking Suite
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An open source tool to benchmark DL frameworks and models
• Frameworks: TensorFlow, Caffe, Caffe2, MXNet, PyTorch, TensorRT
• Frameworks can have multiple benchmark backends
• Neural nets: 20 models (AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNets, VGGs …)
• Runtimes: bare metal / docker / singularity
• Containers: reference docker files / NVIDIA GPU Cloud
• Resource monitor: GPU/CPU/memory utilization
• API: command line interface / Python API
Target metrics
• Iteration time / throughput (instances / second)
• End-to-end (time to convergence)
More information
• HPE Developer Portal: https://www.hpe.com/software/dl-cookbook
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Thank you!
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