nc department of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention

North Carolina’s Efforts to Reduce North Carolina’s Efforts to Reduce Disproportionate Minority ContactDisproportionate Minority Contact

by by Jamal CarrJamal Carr

Youth and Family Services AdministratorYouth and Family Services Administrator

NC Department of Juvenile NC Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Justice and Delinquency PreventionPrevention

Inspirational QuoteInspirational Quote

Difficulties are meant to rouse, not Difficulties are meant to rouse, not discourage. discourage.

The human spirit is to grow strong by The human spirit is to grow strong by conflict.conflict.

William Ellery Channing William Ellery Channing 1780-18421780-1842

PresentationPresentation ObjectivesObjectives

Understand what is meant by DMCUnderstand what is meant by DMC

Examine DMC data at critical decision points Examine DMC data at critical decision points within the juvenile justice systemwithin the juvenile justice system

Highlight known risk factors that contribute Highlight known risk factors that contribute to DMCto DMC

Review Department efforts towards reducing Review Department efforts towards reducing DMCDMC

Four Core Protections of the Four Core Protections of the Juvenile Justice and Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention ActDelinquency Prevention Act

Deinstitutionalization of status offenders (DSO)Deinstitutionalization of status offenders (DSO)

Separation of juveniles from adults in Separation of juveniles from adults in institutions (Separation)institutions (Separation)

Removal of juveniles from adult jails and lockupsRemoval of juveniles from adult jails and lockups (Jail Removal)(Jail Removal)

Reduction of disproportionate minority contact Reduction of disproportionate minority contact (DMC)(DMC)

Understanding DMCUnderstanding DMC In 1988, Congress amended the federal Juvenile In 1988, Congress amended the federal Juvenile

Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJPD) Act Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJPD) Act requiring states to address the overrepresentation requiring states to address the overrepresentation of minorities in the juvenile justice system.of minorities in the juvenile justice system.

In 2002, Congress re-established the JJDP Act.In 2002, Congress re-established the JJDP Act. What had previously been studied as What had previously been studied as

disproportionate minority disproportionate minority confinement was confinement was expanded to consider all the decision points of expanded to consider all the decision points of the juvenile justice system (Contact).the juvenile justice system (Contact).

Source: http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/dmc/Source: http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/dmc/

Calculating DMC In North Calculating DMC In North CarolinaCarolina

Using the Relative Rate Index (RRI) Using the Relative Rate Index (RRI) we are able to calculate DMC at the we are able to calculate DMC at the following decision points:following decision points:

Complaints referred to juvenile justiceComplaints referred to juvenile justice Complaints petitioned (approved) for Complaints petitioned (approved) for

courtcourt Detention admissionsDetention admissions Youth development center commitmentsYouth development center commitments

Iredell2.03

Ashe0.59

Watauga2.29

Avery 1.51

Yancey4.35

Mitchell 0.00

Madison0.46

Haywood0.70 Swain

0.45

Graham1.76

Cherokee3.45 Clay

1.16

Macon1.07

Jackson0.47

Transylvania

3.39

Buncombe

2.70

McDowell

1.21

Polk1.26

Rutherford

1.88

Burke1.41

Caldwell2.03

Wilkes1.05

Catawba

1.37

Cleveland

2.80

Lincoln1.44

Gaston

1.82

Surry1.21

Henderson1.68

Alleghany 3.02

Currituck 1.78

Camden 0.00

Pasquotank 1.92

Perquimans

3.94 Chowan

1.78

Gates2.73

Hertford1.41

Northampton1.79

Bertie2.42

Halifax2.93

Dare0.31

Tyrrell0.44

Washington2.81

Hyde1.43

Jones0.76

Pamlico2.15

Martin3.12

Pitt4.36

Craven2.26

Beaufort

2.13

Onslow1.94

Pender2.43

Brunswick2.00

Columbus2.76

Bladen2.27

Sampson

1.38Duplin1.48

Lenoir3.49

Greene1.01

Edgecombe

1.84

Wayne2.99

Wilson

4.69

Nash4.51

Warren2.75

Franklin1.97

Wake6.28

Vance2.26

Person3.02

Johnston2.51

Gra

nville

2.0

9

Orange 2.81

Caswell1.12

Durham6.50

Chatham1.77

Lee1.18

Harnett

3.41

Rockingham

1.72

Stokes

1.24

Yadkin1.21

Forsyth5.73

Guilford3.79

Randolph1.74

Davidson2.07

Davie1.58

Rowan2.10

Cabarrus

2.94 Stanly3.19

Montgomer

y2.00 Moore

2.59

Union2.17

Anson14.74

Richmond1.82 Hoke

3.39

Cumberland2.79

Robeson

2.77

Relative Rate IndexCases Referred to DJJDP

NC–JOIN Data FY 2008-09

Carteret2.67

< 1.00 - Under Representation for Youth of Color

> 1.00 - Over Representation for Youth of Color

> 2.00 - 2x Over Representation for Youth of Color

= 1.00 - Proportional Representation for Youth of Color

Legend: Relative Rate Index Value Description

> 3.00 - 3x Over Representation for Youth of Color

Alexander

2.53

Alamance

1.94

Scotland 4.18

Mecklenburg 4.07

New Hanover

4.01

Catawba

0.84

Iredell1.09

Ashe0.94

Watauga1.16

Catawba0.99

Yancey0.82

Mitchell 0.00

Madison0.00

Haywood0.71 Swain

0.95Graham

1.41

Cherokee0.89 Clay

0.00

Macon0.91

Jackson1.36

Transylvania1.03

Buncombe

1.10

McDowell

0.97

Polk 1.78

Rutherford

0.97

Burke 1.02

Caldwell0.86

Wilkes0.93

Cleveland

0.80

Lincoln 0.77

Gaston

0.97

Surry

1.43

Henderson 1.00

Alleghany1.09

Currituck 0.99

Camden

0.00

Pasquotank 0.87

Perquimans

1.58

Chowan

0.76

Gates0.64

Hertford

1.28

Northampton0.69

Bertie5.43

Halifax1.28

Dare0.26

Tyrrell0.53

Washingto

n0.88

Hyde2.00

Jones1.13

Pamlico2.27

Martin 1.02

Pitt1.30

Craven1.07

Beaufort

1.24

Onslow

1.15

Pender

0.72

Brunswick0.83

Columbus1.74

Bladen2.88

Sampson

1.00 Duplin0.93

Lenoir1.39

Greene (47)

Edgecombe 1.27

Wayne1.13

Wilson

0.83

Nash1.63

Warren1.07

Franklin1.02

Wake1.21

Vance1.00

Person1.15

Johnston1.16

Gra

nville

1.9

8

Orange 1.39

Caswell1.00

Durham1.11

Chatham1.30

Lee0.85

Harnett

1.46

Rockingham

1.05

Stokes

0.87

Yadkin0.63

Forsyth1.95 Guilford

1.10

Randolph1.31

Davidson1.00

Davie0.81

Rowan1.24

Cabarrus

1.04 Stanly0.68

Montgomer

y1.24

Moore1.00

Union1.21

Anson1.02

Richmond

1.01 Hoke0.96

Cumberland1.25

Robeson

1.13

Relative Rate IndexCases Approved for Court


Carteret1.30

< 1.00 – Under Representation for Youth of Color

> 1.00 – Over Representation for Youth of Color

> 2.00 – 2x Over Representation for Youth of Color

= 1.00 – Proportional Representation for Youth of Color

Legend: Index Values


Alexande

r 1.45

Alamance

0.91

Scotland

1.65

Mecklenburg 1.33

New Hanover

1.04

Avery

0.47

Catawba

0.84

Iredell1.85

Ashe11.40

Watauga1.24

Avery 0.00

Yancey6.65

Mitchell 0.00

Madison0.00

Haywood0.00

Swain0.84

Graham

Cherokee0.99 Clay

0.00

Macon0.94

Jackson0.95

Transylvania0.87

Buncombe

1.23

McDowell

0.37

Polk 3.28

Rutherford

0.86

Burke1.24

Caldwell0.77

Wilkes1.16

Cleveland

0.88

Lincoln0.72

Gaston

1.09

Surry

0.81

Henderson1.97

Alleghany2.39

Currituck 0.26

Camden 0.00

Pasquotank 1.08

Perquimans

1.17

Chowan

3.17

Gates0.95

Hertford

1.30

Northampton7.26

Bertie(37)

Halifax0.48

Dare0.00

Tyrrell

(5)

Washington5.36

Hyde0.54

Jones4.64

Pamlico5.24

Martin 1.47

Pitt2.50

Craven1.33

Beaufort

1.00

Onslow1.22

Pender

3.60

Brunswick1.22

Columbus1.24

Bladen 0.59

Sampson

1.53 Duplin0.77

Lenoir7.10

Greene(11)

Edgecombe 1.53

Wayne1.26

Wilson

1.32

Nash1.84

Warren 0.35

Franklin0.87

Wake1.40

Vance0.84

Person1.48

Johnston1.09

Gra

nville

2.0

2

Orange 2.07

Caswell1.43

Durham1.54

Chatham 4.44

Lee1.66

Harnett

1.04

Rockingham

1.34

Stokes

2.70

Yadkin0.75

Forsyth0.95 Guilford

1.38

Randolph2.10

Davidson1.04

Davie 1.10

Rowan1.09

Cabarrus

1.71 Stanly0.87

Montgomer

y1.88

Moore1.37

Union1.42

Anson 0.19

Richmond

0.36

Hoke0.76

Cumberland1.72

Robeson

1.06

Relative Rate IndexDetention Admissions


Carteret1.66







Alexande

r 1.61

Alamance

0.77

Scotland 1.19

Mecklenburg2.02

New Hanover

1.82

Catawba

1.21

Madison

Catawba

0.84

Iredell5.82

Ashe

Watauga

Catawba 5.34

Yancey

Mitchell

Haywood Swain

Graham

Cherokee 0.00 Clay

Macon 0.00

Jackson

Transylvania (1)

Buncombe

0.65

McDowell

Polk

Rutherford 0.00

Burke1.12

Caldwell3.63

Wilkes0.00

Cleveland

4.04

Lincoln 4.30

Gaston

0.98

Surry0.00

Henderson 0.00

Alleghany

Currituck

Camden

Pasquotank

Perquimans

Chowan

Gates

Hertford

0.64

Northampton(5)

Bertie(3)

Halifax(11)

Dare0.00

Tyrrell

(1)

Washingto

n(2)

Hyde

Jones(2)

Pamlico0.00

Martin (3)

Pitt(24)

Craven0.85

Beaufort

(4)

Onslow

2.49

Pender

Brunswick0.97

Columbus(1)

Bladen (1)

Sampson

3.93 Duplin

Lenoir(19)

Greene

Edgecombe (14)

Wayne1.65

Wilson

1.52

Nash0.76

Warren

Franklin4.75

Wake4.58

Vance(4)

Person1.79

Johnston4.40

Gra

nville

0.6

9

Orange 0.00

Caswell(2)

Durham(51)

Chatham

Lee1.00 Harnet

t1.89

Rockingham

11.47

Stokes

0.00

Yadkin

Forsyth0.90

Guilford 3.19

Randolph1.40

Davidson1.27

Davie

Rowan1.43

Cabarrus

0.95 Stanly0.87

Montgomer

y(2)

Moore (3)

Union8.15

AnsonRichmon

d0.40

Hoke0.70

Cumberland1.76

Robeson

0.96

Relative Rate IndexYouth Development Center Commitments


Carteret1.34







Alexande

r 1.67

Alamance

2.54

Scotland (2)

Mecklenburg 5.27

New Hanover

4.01

Avery0.00

Madison

Department InitiativesDepartment Initiatives

Data Collection and AnalysisData Collection and Analysis

Terry Sanford StudyTerry Sanford Study

Critical Decision Points MapCritical Decision Points Map

Race Matters ToolkitRace Matters Toolkit

Data Collection and Data Collection and AnalysisAnalysis

North Carolina-Juvenile Online Information North Carolina-Juvenile Online Information Network (NC-JOIN)Network (NC-JOIN)

System allows Department staff to track the System allows Department staff to track the

progress and placement of court involved youthprogress and placement of court involved youth

System provides a way for gathering data on DMC System provides a way for gathering data on DMC

at critical points within the juvenile justice systemat critical points within the juvenile justice system

Terry Sanford StudyTerry Sanford Study

Study by Terry Sanford Institute of Public Study by Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy atPolicy at

Duke University, 2003Duke University, 2003

Contributing factors to DMC in North Contributing factors to DMC in North Carolina Carolina

Family situationsFamily situations Socio-economic conditionsSocio-economic conditions Education systemEducation system Juvenile justice systemJuvenile justice system

Critical Decision Point Critical Decision Point MapMap

Developed Developed Critical Decision Points Map of of

thethe

juvenile justice system.juvenile justice system.

Key highlights Key highlights Shows where major decisions are made in the Shows where major decisions are made in the

system that potentially impact DMCsystem that potentially impact DMC

Depicts role players at those decision pointsDepicts role players at those decision points

Describes the level of influence the Describes the level of influence the

Department has at those decision pointDepartment has at those decision pointss

Race Matters ToolkitRace Matters Toolkit

Developed by the Annie E. Casey Developed by the Annie E. Casey FoundationFoundation

Designed to assist organizations in Designed to assist organizations in obtaining equitable outcomesobtaining equitable outcomes

Uses an embedded racial inequities Uses an embedded racial inequities lens approachlens approach

Race Matters ToolsRace Matters Tools

PowerPoint PowerPoint What’s Race Got To Do With ItWhat’s Race Got To Do With It Fact SheetsFact Sheets How To Talk About RaceHow To Talk About Race Racial Equity Impact AnalysisRacial Equity Impact Analysis System Reform StrategiesSystem Reform Strategies Community Building StrategiesCommunity Building Strategies Organizational Self-AssessmentOrganizational Self-Assessment

Plan of ActionPlan of Action

Obtain DMC data to determine where Obtain DMC data to determine where DMC exists and its impactDMC exists and its impact

Share information with Department Share information with Department leaders and their staff in the area leaders and their staff in the area officesoffices

Develop strategies to reduce Develop strategies to reduce disproportionalitydisproportionality

Plan of ActionPlan of Action

Provide training on the Race Matters Provide training on the Race Matters Toolkit and instruction on using Toolkit and instruction on using individual toolsindividual tools

Re-examine data on an annual basis Re-examine data on an annual basis to identify changes or trends in DMCto identify changes or trends in DMC

Adjust strategies as neededAdjust strategies as needed

Other InitiativesOther Initiatives

DMC SubcommitteeDMC Subcommittee

Demonstration CountiesDemonstration Counties

Union County’s involvement with the Union County’s involvement with the DMC Action NetworkDMC Action Network

Statewide DMC ConferenceStatewide DMC Conference

Contact InformationContact Information

Jamal CarrJamal CarrYouth and Family Services Youth and Family Services

AdministratorAdministrator(919) 733-3388 ext. 8176(919) 733-3388 ext. [email protected]@djjdp.nc.gov

Website: www.ncdjjdp.orgWebsite: www.ncdjjdp.org

nc department of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention

Documents

federal juvenile justice

juvenile justicecomplaints

youth of color alexander

youth of colorlegend

proportional representation

dmcexamine dmc data

relative rate indexcases

critical decision points