nce term paper team greek

8/14/2019 NCE Term Paper Team Greek

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FROM WASTE TO PROFIT

K u r a l a m u d h a n . R

K a i l a s a n a t h a n . T

K a r t h i k A r u m u g h a m

K o w t h a m K u m a r . K

Presen t


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OUTLINE OF

PRESENTATION Indian Energy Scenario Renewable Energy

Development Power Generation from

Biomass


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Video1Bi m
http://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch7/Biomass%20%20Maybe....flvhttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch7/Biomass%20%20Maybe....flv


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INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO


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THE CHALLENGE India is facing formidable

challenges in meetings itsenergy needs and providingadequate energy of desiredquality in a sustainable mannerand at reasonable costs.


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INDIA-SOME FACTS Total Population - 10.6 billion Rural Population - 7.0 billion

Total Villages - 610,000 Un-electrified Villages - 125,000 Un-electrified Households - 45%

total 56% rural


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INDIAN POWER

TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY 1,48,265 MW

GROSS GENERATION 640 BUs PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION 620

kwh/ ANNUM ENERGY SHORTAGE about 8% PEAKING SHORTAGE about 13-14

%


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POWER SECTOR AT A

Thermal:94,205

Large Hydro:36,877 Renewable :

13,242 Nuclear:

4,120


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POWER GROWTH

PER PE TIVE Elec t r ic i ty demand growing @ 8%Elec t r ic i ty demand growing @ 8%

annual lyannual ly

Capaci ty addi t ion of about 92 ,000Capaci ty addi t ion of about 92 ,000MW required in the next 10 yearsMW required in the next 10 years

Chal leng e is to meet the energyChal lenge i s to meet the energyneeds in a sus ta inab le mannerneeds in a sus ta inab le manner


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RENEWABLE

ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS


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RENEWABLE BASED GRIDINTERA TIVE P WER

Electr ici ty generat ion fromElectr ici ty generat ion from WindWind Small HydroSmall Hydro BiomassBiomass

These sources a re becoming These sources a re becomingincreasingly competi t ive withincreasingly competi t ive withsome preferential t reatmentsome preferential t reatmentbeing meted out to them.being meted out to them.


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RENEWABLE ENERGY IN

INDIA - Wind Power - 48000 MWWind Power - 48000 MW Small Hydro - 15000 MWSmall Hydro - 15000 MW Biomass Power - 16000 MWBiomass Power - 16000 MW Bagasse Cogen - 5000 MWBagasse Cogen - 5000 MW Solar Energy - 20 MW/Sq KmSolar Energy - 20 MW/Sq Km Waste to Energy - 2500 MWWaste to Energy - 2500 MW


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Video2B n r ti n
http://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch7/BAGASSE-BASED%20CO-GENERATION.flvhttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch7/BAGASSE-BASED%20CO-GENERATION.flv


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BIOMASS


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TYPES OF BIOMASS WHICH

AN BE Agricultural FieldAgricultural Field

ResiduesResidues Agro Industr ial ResiduesAgro Industr ial Residues BagasseBagasse Wood from plantat ionWood from pl antat ion Waste wood fromWaste wood from

industr ial operat ionsindustr ial operat ions


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POTENTIAL OF BIOMASSP WER

Biomass based power genera t ionf rom surp lus b iomass 18 ,000 MW

Addi t iona l power genera t ion th roughopt imum bagasse cogenera t ion 5000MW


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Video3El tri it fr m Bi m
http://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch7/Electricity%20from%20biomass.flvhttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch7/Electricity%20from%20biomass.flv


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BIOMASS PROGRAMMEMP NENT

Biomass based powerBiomass based powergenerat ion in gr id connectedgenerat ion in gr id connectedmodemode

Bagasse based cogenerat ionBagasse based cogenerat ionfor export of surplus power tofor export of surplus power togridgrid

Biomass gasif icat ion systemsBiomass gasif icat ion systemsfor thermal and electr icalfor thermal and electr icalapplications, primarily in off-applications, primarily in off-


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CONVERSIONTE HN L IE

Biomass Techno log ies Cur ren t lyBiomass Techno log ies Cur ren t lyDep l o y ed :Dep l o y ed :

Gr i d Po werGr i d Po wer Combus t ionCombus t ion Gas i f i ca t ionGas i f i ca t ion

Off -g r id / Di s t r i bu ted PowerOff -g r i d / D i s t r i b u t ed Po wer Gas i f i ca t ionGas i f i ca t ion

Co g en e ra t i o nCo g en e ra t i o n Bagasse cogenera t ion in sugar mi l l sBagasse cogenera t ion in sugar mi l l s


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BIOMASS POWER /- ENERATI N TAT


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EQUIPMENTMAN FA T RIN

Bi o mas s Gas i f i e rB i o mas s Gas i f i e r 12 manufac tu re r s ind igenous12 manufac tu re r s ind igenous Uni t s i ze f rom a f ew KW-1 MWUni t s i ze f rom a f ew KW-1 MW Annua l P roduc t ion capac i ty 10 MWAnnua l P roduc t ion capac i ty 10 MW Commerc ia l i zed 100% producer gasCommerc ia l i zed 100% producer gas

and b iogas eng ines w i th enhancedand b iogas en g ines w i th en hancedre l i ab i l i tyre l i ab i l i ty

Gas c lean ing / s c rubb ing sys temsGas c lean ing / s c rubb ing sys temsdeve lo eddeve lo ed


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W H E R E D O E S B I O M A S S C O M E F R O M ? W H E R E D O E S B I O M A S S C O M E F R O M ?

B i o m a s s i s o b t a i n e d f r o mB i o m a s s i s o b t a i n e d f r o m

a n y p l a n t , h u m a n o r a n i m a la n y p l a n t , h u m a n o r a n i m a ld e r i v e d o r g a n i c m a t t e r.d e r i v e d o r g a n i c m a t t e r.

Wo o d f r o m t r e e s ,Wo o d f r o m t r e e s ,

a g r i c u l t u r a l c r o p s , w o o da g r i c u l t u r a l c r o p s , w o o df a c t o r y w a s t e , a n d t h ef a c t o r y w a s t e , a n d t h e

c o n s t r u c t i o n i n d u s t r yc o n s t r u c t i o n i n d u s t r y

B u r n t w o o d f r o m f o r e s tB u r n t w o o d f r o m f o r e s t

f i r e sf i r e s

A n i m a l s a n d a n i m a lA n i m a l s a n d a n i m a l


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WHAT IS BIOMASS?WHAT IS BIOMASS? A l lA l l o rg a n i c m a t t e ro rg a n i c m a t t e r i s k n o w n a s b i o m a s s ,i s k n o w n a s b i o m a s s ,

a n d t h e e n e rg y r e l e a s e d f r o m b i o m a s sa n d t h e e n e rg y r e l e a s e d f r o m b i o m a s sw h e n i t i s e a t e n , b u r n t o r c o n v e r t e d i n t ow h e n i t i s e a t e n , b u r n t o r c o n v e r t e d i n t of u e l s i s c a l l e d b i o m a s s e n e rg y.f u e l s i s c a l l e d b i o m a s s e n e rg y.

B i o m a s s p r o v i d e s aB i o m a s s p r o v i d e s a c l e a n , r e n e w a b l ec l e a n , r e n e w a b l ee n e rg y s o u r c ee n e rg y s o u r c e t h a t c o u l d d r a m a t i c a l l yt h a t c o u l d d r a m a t i c a l l yi m p r o v e o u r e n v i r o n m e n t , e c o n o m y a n di m p r o v e o u r e n v i r o n m e n t , e c o n o m y a n den e rg y s ecu r i t y.en e rg y s ecu r i t y.

B i o m a s s e n e rg y g e n e r a t e s f a rB i o m a s s e n e rg y g e n e r a t e s f a r l e s s a i rl e s s a i re m i s s i o n se m i s s i o n s t h a n f o s s i l f u e l s .t h a n f o s s i l f u e l s .

U n l i k e c o m b u s t i o n o f f o s s i l f u e l s , w h i c hU n l i k e c o m b u s t i o n o f f o s s i l f u e l s , w h i c hr e l e a s e s c a r b o n d i o x i d e c a p t u r e d b yr e l e a s e s c a r b o n d i o x i d e c a p t u r e d b yp h o t o s y n t h e s i s b i l l i o n s o f y e a r s a g o ,p h o t o s y n t h e s i s b i l l i o n s o f y e a r s a g o ,c a r b o n d i o x i d e r e l e a s e d b y b i o m a s s i sc a r b o n d i o x i d e r e l e a s e d b y b i o m a s s i sb a l an ce d b c a rb o n d i ox i de c a t ure d i n t heb a l a n c e d b y c a r b o n d i o x i d e c a p t u r e d i n t h e


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HOW WAS BIOMASS

B i o m a s s w a s t h e f i r s t f u e lB i o m a s s w a s t h e f i r s t f u e lm a n k i n d l e a r n e d t o u s e f o rm a n k i n d l e a r n e d t o u s e f o re n e rg y.e n e rg y. B u r n i n g w o o dB u r n i n g w o o d f o rf o rw a r m t h a n d c o o k i n g a n dw a r m t h a n d c o o k i n g a n dk e e p i n g w i l d a n i m a l s a w a yk e e p i n g w i l d a n i m a l s a w a y

S o m e o f t h eS o m e o f t h e e a r l i e s t p o w e re a r l i e s t p o w e rp l a n t sp l a n t s i n A m e r i c a w e r e f u e l e di n A m e r i c a w e r e f u e l e db y w o o d m a t e r i a lb y w o o d m a t e r i a l

I t w a s a n a b u n d a n t f u e l i n m a n yI t w a s a n a b u n d a n t f u e l i n m a n yp a r t s o f t h e c o u n t r y w h e r ep a r t s o f t h e c o u n t r y w h e r el o g g i n gl o g g i n g t o o k p l a c et o o k p l a c e

I t b u r n e d m u c hI t b u r n e d m u c h c l e a n e r t h a nc l e a n e r t h a nc o a lc o a l a n d i t w a s a v a i l a b l e b e f o r ea n d i t w a s a v a i l a b l e b e f o r ea b u n d a n t o i l a n d n a t u r a l g a sa b u n d a n t o i l a n d n a t u r a l g a sw a s d i s c o v e r e dw a s d i s c o v e r e d

M a n y c u l t u r e s u s e dM a n y c u l t u r e s u s e d a n i m a la n i m a l


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CONVERSION OFBIOMASS WASTE INTOG a s i f i c a t i o nG a s i f i c a t i o n

E x p o s i n g a s o l i d f u e l t o h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e sE x p o s i n g a s o l i d f u e l t o h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e sa n d l i m i t e d o x y g e n p r o d u c e s b i o g a s .a n d l i m i t e d o x y g e n p r o d u c e s b i o g a s .

P y r o l y s i sP y r o l y s i s H e a t i n g t h e b i o m a s s c a n p r o d u c e p y r o l y s i sH e a t i n g t h e b i o m a s s c a n p r o d u c e p y r o l y s i s

o i l a n d p h e n o l o i l l e a v i n g c h a r c o a l .o i l a n d p h e n o l o i l l e a v i n g c h a r c o a l .

D i g e s t i o nD i g e s t i o n B a c t e r i a , i n a n o x y g e n - s t a r v e dB a c t e r i a , i n a n o x y g e n - s t a r v e d

e n v i r o n m e n t c a n p r o d u c e m e t h a n e .e n v i r o n m e n t c a n p r o d u c e m e t h a n e .

F e r m e n t a t i o nF e r m e n t a t i o n B i o - m a t e r i a l t h a t i s u s e d t o m a n u f a c t u r eB i o - m a t e r i a l t h a t i s u s e d t o m a n u f a c t u r e

E t h a n o l a n d B i o d i e s e l b y a n a n a e r o b i cE t h a n o l a n d B i o d i e s e l b y a n a n a e r o b i cb i o l o g i c a l p r o c e s s i n w h i c h s u g a r s a r eb i o l o g i c a l p r o c e s s i n w h i c h s u g a r s a r e


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GASIFICATION BiogasBiogas i s p roduced byi s p roduced by

expos ing b iomass toexpos ing b iomass to

h igh t empera tu res andh igh t empera tu res and

l imi ted oxygen .l imi ted oxygen .

Bi o g as en e rg yBi o g as en e rg y cancan

se r ve a s a f eed s to ckse rve as a f eeds tockf o r e l ec t r i c i t yf o r e l ec t r i c i t y

gene r a t i on o r agene r a t i on o r a


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PYROLYSIS H e a t i s u s e d t o c h e m i c a l l yH e a t i s u s e d t o c h e m i c a l l y

c o n v e r t b i o m a s s t o b i o o i l .c o n v e r t b i o m a s s t o b i o o i l .

P y r o l y s i s O i lP y r o l y s i s O i l , i s e a s i e r t o, i s e a s i e r t o

s t o r e a n d t r a n s p o r t t h a n s o l i ds t o r e a n d t r a n s p o r t t h a n s o l i d

b i o m a s s m a t e r i a l a n d c a n b eb i o m a s s m a t e r i a l a n d c a n b e

b u r n e d l i k e p e t r o l e u m t ob u r n e d l i k e p e t r o l e u m t o

g e n e r a t e e l e c t r i c i t y.g e n e r a t e e l e c t r i c i t y.

P h e n o l O i lP h e n o l O i l , a c h e m i c a l u s e d, a c h e m i c a l u s e d

t o m a k e w o o d a d h e s i v e s ,t o m a k e w o o d a d h e s i v e s ,

m o l d e d p l a s t i c s a n d f o a mm o l d e d p l a s t i c s a n d f o a m

i n s u l a t i o n .i n s u l a t i o n .

Wo o d a d h e s i v e sWo o d a d h e s i v e s a r e u s e d t oa r e u s e d t o

g l u e t o g e t h e r p l y w o o d a n dg l u e t o g e t h e r p l y w o o d a n d


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FERMENTATION U n l i k e o t h e r r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y s o u r c e s ,U n l i k e o t h e r r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y s o u r c e s ,

b i o m a s s c a n b e c o n v e r t e d d i r e c t l y i n t ob i o m a s s c a n b e c o n v e r t e d d i r e c t l y i n t o

l i q u i d f u e l s l i q u i d f u e l s b i o f u e l sb i o f u e l s f o r o u r f o r o u r

t r a n s p o r t a t i o n n e e d st r a n s p o r t a t i o n n e e d s

T h e t w o m o s t c o m m o n t y p e s o f b i o f u e l s T h e t w o m o s t c o m m o n t y p e s o f b i o f u e l s

a r e e t h a n o l a n d b i o d i e s e l .a r e e t h a n o l a n d b i o d i e s e l .

E t h a n o lE t h a n o l i s a n a l c o h o l , c r e a t e d b yi s a n a l c o h o l , c r e a t e d b yf e r m e n t i n g b i o m a s s h i g h i nf e r m e n t i n g b i o m a s s h i g h i n

c a r b o h y d r a t e s . I t i s u s e d a s a f u e lc a r b o h y d r a t e s . I t i s u s e d a s a f u e l

a d d i t i v e t o c u t d o w n c a r b o n m o n o x i d ea d d i t i v e t o c u t d o w n c a r b o n m o n o x i d e

a n d o t h e r e m i s s i o n s .a n d o t h e r e m i s s i o n s .

B i o d i e s e lB i o d i e s e l i s m a d e b y c o m b i n i n g a l c o h o li s m a d e b y c o m b i n i n g a l c o h o l

w i t h v e g e t a b l e o i l , a n i m a l f a t o r o t h e rw i t h v e g e t a b l e o i l , a n i m a l f a t o r o t h e r

r e c y c l e d c o o k i n g g r e a s e a n d i s a l s o a nr e c y c l e d c o o k i n g g r e a s e a n d i s a l s o a n

a d d i t i v e t o r e d u c e e m i s s i o n s .a d d i t i v e t o r e d u c e e m i s s i o n s .

W h e n p u r e , b i o d i e s e l i s a r e n e w a b l eW h e n p u r e , b i o d i e s e l i s a r e n e w a b l e


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SOLID FUELMB TI N

A n i m a l D u n gA n i m a l D u n g

Wo o dWo o d

P e a t i s a nP e a t i s a n

a c c u m u l a t i o n o f a c c u m u l a t i o n o f

p a r t i a l l y d e c a y e dp a r t i a l l y d e c a y e d

v e g e t a b l e m a t t e r .v e g e t a b l e m a t t e r .

D i r e c t c o m b u s t i o n o f D i r e c t c o m b u s t i o n o f

s o l i d m a t t e r w h e r e t h es o l i d m a t t e r w h e r e t h e

b i o m a s s i s f e d i n t o ab i o m a s s i s f e d i n t o a

f u r n a c e w h e r e i t i sf u r n a c e w h e r e i t i sb u r n e d .b u r n e d .

T h e h e a t i s u s e d t o T h e h e a t i s u s e d t o

b o i l w a t e r a n d t h eb o i l w a t e r a n d t h e


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