ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rlrwjfl pju~ eunza tu;fr loje~ aa v"vks lfkkukfu...

22
o.kZfopkj% 1- o.kkZ % la LÑrs bnkuha 48 o.kkZ uka iz ;ks x% HkofrA rs eq [;r;k Hkkx=k;s .k foHkDrk% lfUr] 1&Lojk% 2&O;×tukfu 3&v;ks xokgk'ps fr] ;Fkk& Lojk%&13 gª LoLojk%&5 nh?kZ Lojk%&8 v] b] m] ½] y` vk] bZ ] Å] ½` ] ,] ,s ] vks ] vkS O;×tukfu&33 oxhZ ;O;×tukfu&25 voxhZ ;O;×tukfu&8 vUrLFkk%&4 Å"ek.k%&4 ;~ ] j~ ] y~ ] o~ ] 'k ~ ] "k ~ ] l~ ] g~ ] v;ks xokgkS &2 vuq Lokj% folxZ % o~ Q] [k~ ] x~ ] ?k~ ] Ä~] p~ ] N~ ] t~ ] >~ ] ×k~ ] V~ ] B~ ] M~ ] <+ ~ ] .k~ ] r~ ] Fk~ ] n~ ] /~ ] u~ ] i~ ] i~ Q] c~ ] Hk~ ] e~ ] 2021–22

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Page 1: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

o.kZfopkj%

1- o.kkZ%

laLÑrs bnkuha 48 o.kkZuka iz;ksx% HkofrA rs eq[;r;k Hkkx=k;s.k foHkDrk% lfUr]1&Lojk% 2&O;×tukfu 3&v;ksxokgk'psfr] ;Fkk&

Lojk%&13

gªLoLojk%&5 nh?kZLojk%&8v] b] m] ½] y vk] bZ] Å] ½] ,] ,s] vks] vkS

O;×tukfu&33

oxhZ;O;×tukfu&25 voxhZ;O;×tukfu&8

vUrLFkk%&4 Å"ek.k%&4;~] j~] y~] o~] 'k~] "k~] l~] g~]

v;ksxokgkS&2

vuqLokj% folxZ%

o~Q] [k~] x~] ?k~] Ä~]

p~] N~] t~] >~] ×k~]

V~] B~] M~] <+~] .k~]

r~] Fk~] n~] /~] u~]

i~] i~~Q] c~] Hk~] e~]

2021–22

Page 2: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

88

2- mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

o.kkZfHkO;fDrizns'k% LFkkua dF;rsA 'kCniz;ksxle;s dk;kfXuuk izsfjr% ok;q% d.BkfnLFkkus"kql×pju~ o.kkZu~ vfHkO;ufDrA ;FkksDra ikf.kuh;f'k{kk;ke~&

vkRek cqn~è;k lesR;FkkZu~ euks ;qÄ~Drs foo{k;k Aeu% dk;kfXuekgfUr l izsj;fr ek#re~ AAek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AAv"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk Aftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA

,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu v"VkS lfUrA (i) mj% (ii) d.B% (iii) f'kj%(iv) ftàkewye~ (v) nUrk% (vi) ukfldk (vii) vks"BkS (viii) rkyq%A r|Fkk&

o.kkZ% mRifÙkLFkkukfu o.kkZuka laKk

v] vk] d~] [k~] x~] ?k~] Ä~] g~] folxZ% d.B% d.B~;%

b] bZ] p~] N~] t~] >~] ×k~] ;~] 'k~ rkyq% rkyO;%

½] ½`] V~] B~] M~] <~] .k~] j~] "k~ ew/kZ ew/ZU;%

y`] r~] Fk~] n~] /~] u~] y~] l~ nUrk% nUR;%

m] Å] i~] iQ~] c~] Hk~] e~ vks"BkS vks"B~;%

Ä~] ×k~] .k~] u~] e~ ukfldk $ d.Bknhfu ukflD;%

,] ,s d.Brkyw d.BrkyO;%

vks] vkS d.Bks"Be~ d.Bks"B~;%

o nUrks"Be~ nUR;ks"B~;%

vuqLokj% ukfldk ukflD;%

2021–22

Page 3: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

ifjf'k"Ve~

89

dkjde~(lkekU;ifjp;%)

lkekU;r% "kV~dkjdkf.k HkofUrA ;Fkk&dÙkkZ deZ p dj.ka lEiznkua rFkSo p Aviknkukf/dj.ke~ bR;kgq% dkjdkf.k "kV~ AA

(i) dÙkZdkjde~ (ii) deZdkjde~ (iii) dj.kdkjde~(iv) lEiznkudkjde~ (v) viknkudkjde~ (vi) vf/dj.kdkjde~

dÙkZdkjde~ & LorU=k% dÙkkZA fØ;k;ka ;% LorU=k% iz/kuks ok Hkofr l% dÙkkZA ;Fkk&jke%xzkea xPNfrA v=k xeufØ;k;ka jke% LorU=k% orZrs] vr% l% dÙkZdkjde~ vfLrA okD;seq[;s drZfj izFkek] xkS.ks drZfj p rrh;k foHkfDr% HkofrA ;Fkk&

(d) jke% xzkea xPNfrA([k) jkes.k xzke% xE;rsA

deZdkjde~ & dÙkZqjhfIlrrea deZA dÙkkZ LofØ;;k ;e~ vFkZe~ vfr'k;su izkIrqe~ bPNfrrr~ deZ HkofrA ;Fkk&ckyd% fo|ky;a xPNfrA v=k okD;s ckyd% dÙkkZ Hkofr]xeufØ;;k fo|ky;% rL; bZfIlrrea orZrs] vr% fo|ky; bfr deZdkjoaQ orZrs]deZf.k f}rh;k foHkfDr%] (deZokP;s) eq[;s p izFkek foHkfDr% Hkofr] ;Fkk&

(d) ckyd% fo|ky;a xPNfrA([k) ckyosQu fo|ky;% xE;rsA

dj.kdkjde~ & lk/drea dj.ke~A fØ;kfl¼kS ;r~ vfr'k;su lgk;oaQ Hkofr] rr~dj.ka Hkofr] ;Fkk&';ke% dyesu fy[kfrA v=k dÙkqZ% ';keL; ys[kufØ;k;ka dye%vfr'k;su lgk;d%] vr% dye bfr dj.kdkjoaQ HkofrA dj.ks rrh;k&foHkfDr% HkofrA

lEiznkudkjde~ & deZ.kk ;efHkizSfr l lEiznkue~A dÙkkZ nkufØ;;k ;a lEc¼qe~bPNfr] rr~ lEiznkua HkofrA ;Fkk&nsonÙk% fHk{kqdk; fHk{kka nnkfrA v=k dÙkkZ nsonÙk%

2021–22

Page 4: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

90

nkufØ;;k fHk{kqde~ vfHkizSfr ¾ lEc¼qe~ bPNfrA vr% fHk{kqdina lEiznkudkjde~AlEiznkus prqFkhZ&foHkfDr% HkofrA

viknkudkjde~~ & /zqoeik;s¿iknkue~A vik;s ¾ foHkkxs] ;r~ /zqoe~ ¾ vofèkHkwre~ rr~viknkua Hkofr] ;Fkk& o{kkr~ iQya irfrA v=k iQyL; foHkkx% o{kkr~ Hkofr] vr%o{k% /zqo% bfr viknkudkjde~A viknkus i×peh&foHkfDr% HkofrA

vf/dj.kdkjde~ & vkèkkjks¿f/dj.ke~A drZdeZfu"BfØ;k;k% vk/kjHkwra ;r~ orZrs] rr~vf/dj.ka Hkofr] ;Fkk& fo|ky;s Nk=kk% iBfUrA v=k dÙkqZ% iBufØ;k;k% vk/kj%fo|ky;% vfèkdj.kdkjde~A vf/dj.ks lIreh&foHkfDr% HkofrA

miinfoHkfDr%ine~ vkfJR; ;k foHkfDr% lk miinfoHkfDr%A ;Fkk&

mHk;r% ¾ nksuksa rjiQ (f}rh;k) unhe~ mHk;r% o{kk% lfUrAifjr% ¾ pkjksa rjiQ (f}rh;k) fo|ky;a ifjr% izkphje~ vfLrA

loZr% ¾ lHkh rjiQ (f}rh;k) xzkea loZr% Ñf"k{ks=kkf.k lfUrA

izfr ¾ dh vksj (f}rh;k) Nk=k% fo|ky;a izfr xPNfrAfud"kk ¾ lehi esa (f}rh;k) fo|ky;a fud"kk m|kue~ vfLrA

f/o~Q ¾ fuUnk (f}rh;k) ew[k± f/o~QA

lg ¾ lfgr (rrh;k) ckfydk ckyosQu lg [ksyfrAfouk ¾ vfrfjDr (rrh;k@i×peh@f}rh;k) Kkusu fouk thoua oFkkAvye~ ¾ okj.k (rrh;k) fooknsu vye~A

leFkZ (prqFkhZ) eYy% eYyk; vye~Aue% ¾ ueLdkj (prqFkhZ) firnsok; ue%Acfg% ¾ ckgj (i×peh) fo|ky;kr~ cfg% ckydk% [ksyfUrAmifj% ¾ Åij ("k"Bh) o{kL; mifj eoZQVk% ØhMfUrAv/% ¾ uhsps ("k"Bh) o{kL; v/% ifFkd% mifo'kfrAvUr% ¾ Hkhrj ("k"Bh) fo|ky;L; vUr% Nk=kk% iBfUrA

2021–22

Page 5: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

ifjf'k"Ve~

91

'kCn:ikf.k

loZuke&'kCn%,rr~ (iq¡fYyX)

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek ,"k% ,rkSS ,rs

f}rh;k ,re~ ,rkS ,rku~

r`rh;k ,rsu ,rkH;ke~ ,rS%

prqFkhZ ,rLeSs ,rkH;ke~ ,rsH;%

i×peh ,rLekr~ ,rkH;ke~ ,rsH;%

"k"Bh ,rL; ,r;kss% ,rs"kke~

lIreh ,rfLeu~ ,r;kssss% ,rs"kq

,rr~ (L=khfyX)foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek ,"kk ,rs ,rk%

f}rh;k ,rke~ ,rs ,rk%

r`rh;k ,r;k ,rkH;ke~ ,rkfHk%

prqFkhZ ,rL;Ss ,rkH;ke~ ,rkH;%

i×peh ,rL;k% ,rkH;ke~ ,rkH;%

"k"Bh ,rL;k% ,r;kss% ,rklke~

lIreh ,rL;ke~ ,r;kssss% ,rklq

,rr~ (uiqaldfyX)foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek ,rr~ ,rs ,rkfu

f}rh;k ,rr~ ,rs ,rkfu

2021–22

Page 6: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

92

r`rh;k ,rsu ,rkH;ke~ ,rS%

prqFkhZ ,rLeSs ,rkH;ke~ ,rsH;%

i×peh ,rLekr~ ,rkH;ke~ ,rsH;%

"k"Bh ,rL; ,r;kss% ,rs"kke~

lIreh ,rfLeu~ ,r;kssss% ,rs"kq

fo'ks"k%& loZuke'kCnkuka lEcks/us :ikf.k u HkofUrA

rr~ (iq¡fYyX)foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek l% rkS rs

f}rh;k re~ rkS rku~

r`rh;k rsu rkH;ke~ rS%

prqFkhZ rLeSs rkH;ke~ rsH;%

i×peh rLekr~ rkH;ke~ rsH;%

"k"Bh rL; r;kss% rs"kke~

lIreh rfLeu~ r;kssss% rs"kq

rr~ (L=khfyX)foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek lk rs rk%

f}rh;k rke~ rs rk%

r`rh;k r;k rkH;ke~ rkfHk%

prqFkhZ rL;Ss rkH;ke~ rkH;%

i×peh rL;k% rkH;ke~ rkH;%

"k"Bh rL;k% r;kss% rklke~

lIreh rL;ke~ r;ks% rklq

2021–22

Page 7: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

ifjf'k"Ve~

93

rr~ (uiqaldfyX)foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek rr~ rs rkfu

f}rh;k rr~~ rs rkfu

r`rh;k rsu rkH;ke~ rS%

prqFkhZ rLeSs rkH;ke~ rsH;%

i×peh rLekr~ rkH;ke~ rsH;%

"k"Bh rL; r;kss% rs"kke~

lIreh rfLeu~ r;kssss% rs"kq

fde~ (iq¡fYyX)foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek d% dkS osQ

f}rh;k de~ dkS dku~

r`rh;k osQu dkH;ke~ oSQ%

prqFkhZ dLeS dkH;ke~ osQH;%

i×peh dLekr~ dkH;ke~ osQH;%

"k"Bh dL; d;ks% osQ"kke~

lIreh dfLeu~ d;ks% osQ"kq

fde~ (L=khfyX)foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek dk osQ dk%

f}rh;k dke~ osQ dk%

r`rh;k d;k dkH;ke~ dkfHk%

2021–22

Page 8: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

94

prqFkhZ dL;S dkH;ke~ dkH;%i×peh dL;k% dkH;ke~ dkH;%"k"Bh dL;k% d;ks% dklke~lIreh dL;ke~ d;ks% dklq

fde~ (uiqaldfyX)foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek fde~ osQ dkfu

f}rh;k fde~ osQ dkfu

r`rh;k osQu dkH;ke~ oSQ%

prqFkhZ dLeS dkH;ke~ osQH;%

i×peh dLekr~ dkH;ke~ osQH;%

"k"Bh dL; d;ks% osQ"kke~

lIreh dfLeu~ d;ks% osQ"kq

bdkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ&'kCn%efr

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek efr% erh er;%

f}rh;k efre~ erh erh%

r`rh;k eR;k efrH;ke~ efrfHk%

prqFkhZ eR;S@er;s efrH;ke~ efrH;%

i×peh eR;k%@ers% efrH;ke~ efrH;%

"k"Bh eR;k%@ers% eR;ks% erhuke~

lIreh eR;ke~@erkS eR;ks% efr"kq

lEcks/ue~ gs ers! gs erh! gs er;%!

,oeso xfr&fLFkfr&'kfDr&izhfr&Ñfr&bR;knhuke~ bdkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

2021–22

Page 9: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

ifjf'k"Ve~

95

bZdkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ&'kCn%unh

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek unh u|kS u|%

f}rh;k unhe~ u|kS unh%

r`rh;k u|k unhH;ke~ unhfHk%

prqFkhZ u|S unhH;ke~ unhH;%

i×peh u|k% unhH;ke~ unhH;%

"k"Bh u|k% u|ks% unhuke~

lIreh u|ke~ u|ks% unh"kq

lEcks/ue~ gs ufn! gs u|kS! gs u|%!

,oeso Hkfxuh&ys[kuh&ekfuuh&iBUrh&bR;knhuke~ bZdkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

bdkjkUr&uiqaldfyÄõ&'kCn%okfj

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek okfj okfj.kh okjhf.k

f}rh;k okfj okfj.kh okjhf.k

r`rh;k okfj.kk okfjH;ke~ okfjfHk%

prqFkhZ okfj.ks okfjH;ke~ okfjH;%

i×peh okfj.k% okfjH;ke~ okfjH;%

"k"Bh okfj.k% okfj.kks% okjh.kke~

lIreh okfjf.k okfj.kks% okfj"kq

lEcks/ue~ gs okfj! gs okjs! gs okfj.kh! gs okjhf.k!

2021–22

Page 10: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

96

½dkjkUr&iq¡fyÄõ&'kCn%fir`

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkek firk firjkS firj%

f}rh;k firje~ firjkS firÏu~

r`rh;k fi=kk fir`H;ke~ fir`fHk%

prqFkhZ fi=ks fir`H;ke~ fir`H;%i×peh firq% fir`H;ke~ fir`H;%

"k"Bh firq% fi=kks% firÏ.kke~

lIreh firfj fi=kks% fir`"kq

lEcks/ue~ gs fir%! gs firjkS! gs firj%!

,oeso Hkzkr`&tkekr`&nso` (nsoj)&bR;knhuke~ ½dkjkUr&iq¡fyÄõ&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrAr`u~&r`p~&izR;;kUrkuka nkr`&oDr`&/kr`&usr`&bR;knhuka rFkk Lol`&uIr`&{k=k`&gksr`&iksr`&'kCnkukaizFkek&f}rh;k&foHkDR;ks% :is"kq nh?kZ% HkofrA ;Fkk&nkrk] nkrkjkS nkrkj%A ekr`'kCnL; f}rh;k

cgqopus ekrÏ% Hkofr] vU;kfu :ikf.k lekukfu ,oA

mdkjkUr&uiqaldfyÄõ&'kCn%e/q

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkek e/q e/quh e/wfuf}rh;k e/q e/quh e/wfur`rh;k e/quk e/qH;ke~ e/qfHk%prqFkhZ e/quss e/qH;ke~ e/qH;%

i×peh e/qu% e/qH;ke~ e/qH;%"k"Bh e/qu% e/quks% e/wuke~lIreh e/qfu e/quksss% e/q"kqqlEcks/ue~ gs e/q] gs e/ks! gs e/quh! gs e/wfu!

,oeso tkuq&rkyq&oLrq&bR;knhuke~ mdkjkUr&uiqald'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

2021–22

Page 11: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

ifjf'k"Ve~

97

/krq&:ikf.k

pj~ (pyuk] pjuk)

yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% pjfr pjr% pjfUr

eè;eiq#"k% pjfl pjFk% pjFk

mÙkeiq#"k% pjkfe pjko% pjke%

yV~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% pfj";fr pfj";r% pfj";fUr

eè;eiq#"k% pfj";fl pfj";Fk% pfj";Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% pfj";kfe pfj";ko% pfj";ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% vpjr~ vpjrke~ vpju~

eè;eiq#"k% vpj% vpjre~ vpjr

mÙkeiq#"k% vpje~ vpjko vpjke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% pjrq pjrke~ pjUrq

eè;eiq#"k% pj pjre~ pjr

mÙkeiq#"k% pjkf.k pjko pjke

2021–22

Page 12: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

98

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% pjsr~ pjsrke~ pjs;q%

eè;eiq#"k% pjs% pjsre~ pjsr

mÙkeiq#"k% pjs;e~ pjso pjse

,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy~] [kkn~] /ko~] j{k~] iwt~] owQnZ~] ir~] Hkze~] fy[k~] xe~ (xPN)] iB~]ØhM~&bR;knhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

Ñ (djuk)

yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% djksfr oqQ#r% oqQoZfUr

eè;eiq#"k% djksf"k oqQ#Fk% oqQ#Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% djksfe oqQoZ% oqQeZ%

yV~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% dfj";fr dfj";r% dfj";fUr

eè;eiq#"k% dfj";fl dfj";Fk% dfj";Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% dfj";kfe dfj";ko% dfj";ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% vdjksr~ voqQ#rke~ voqQoZu~

eè;eiq#"k% vdjks% voqQ#re~ voqQ#r

mÙkeiq#"k% vdjoe~ voqQoZ voqQeZ

2021–22

Page 13: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

ifjf'k"Ve~

99

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% djksrq oqQ#rke~ oqQoZUrq

eè;eiq#"k% oqQ# oqQ#re~ oqQ#r

mÙkeiq#"k% djokf.k djoko djoke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% oqQ;kZr~ oqQ;kZrke~ oqQ;Zq%

eè;eiq#"k% oqQ;kZ% oqQ;kZre~ oqQ;kZr

mÙkeiq#"k% oqQ;kZe~ oqQ;kZo oqQ;kZe

ol~ (jguk)

yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% olfr olr% olfUr

eè;eiq#"k% olfl olFk% olFk

mÙkeiq#"k% olkfe olko% olke%

yV~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% oRL;fr oRL;r% oRL;fUr

eè;eiq#"k% oRL;fl oRL;Fk% oRL;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% oRL;kfe oRL;ko% oRL;ke%

2021–22

Page 14: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

100

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% volr~ volrke~ volu~eè;eiq#"k% vol% volre~ volrmÙkeiq#"k% vole~ volko volke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% olrq olrke~ olUrqeè;eiq#"k% ol olre~ olrmÙkeiq#"k% olkfu olko olke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% olsr~ olsrke~ ols;q%eè;eiq#"k% ols% olsre~ olsrmÙkeiq#"k% ols;e~ olso olse

n'k~ (i';) ns[kuk

yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% i';fr i';r% i';fUreè;eiq#"k% i';fl i';Fk% i';FkmÙkeiq#"k% i';kfe i';ko% i';ke%

yV~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% nz{;fr nz{;r% nz{;fUreè;eiq#"k% nz{;fl nz{;Fk% nz{;FkmÙkeiq#"k% nz{;kfe nz{;ko% nz{;ke%

2021–22

Page 15: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

ifjf'k"Ve~

101

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% vi';r~ vi';rke~ vi';u~

eè;eiq#"k% vi';% vi';re~ vi';r

mÙkeiq#"k% vi';e~ vi';ko vi';ke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% i';rq i';rke~ i';Urq

eè;eiq#"k% i'; i';re~ i';r

mÙkeiq#"k% i';kfu i';ko i';ke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% i';sr~ i';srke~ i';s;q%

eè;eiq#"k% i';s% i';sre~ i';sr

mÙkeiq#"k% i';s;e~ i';so i';se

LFkk (fr"B) Bgjuk

yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% fr"Bfr fr"Br% fr"BfUr

eè;eiq#"k% fr"Bfl fr"BFk% fr"BFk

mÙkeiq#"k% fr"Bkfe fr"Bko% fr"Bke%

2021–22

Page 16: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

102

yV~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% LFkkL;fr LFkkL;r% LFkkL;fUr

eè;eiq#"k% LFkkL;fl LFkkL;Fk% LFkkL;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% LFkkL;kfe LFkkL;ko% LFkkL;ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% vfr"Br~ vfr"Brke~ vfr"Bu~

eè;eiq#"k% vfr"B% vfr"Bre~ vfr"Br

mÙkeiq#"k% vfr"Be~ vfr"Bko vfr"Bke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% fr"Brq fr"Brke~ fr"BUrq

eè;eiq#"k% fr"B fr"Bre~ fr"Br

mÙkeiq#"k% fr"Bkfu fr"Bko fr"Bke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% fr"Bsr~ fr"Bsrke~ fr"Bs;q%

eè;eiq#"k% fr"Bs% fr"Bsre~ fr"Bsr

mÙkeiq#"k% fr"Bs;e~ fr"Bso fr"Bse

2021–22

Page 17: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

ifjf'k"Ve~

103

ip~ (idkuk)

yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% ipfr ipr% ipfUr

eè;eiq#"k% ipfl ipFk% ipFk

mÙkeiq#"k% ipkfe ipko% ipke%

yV~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% i{;fr i{;r% i{;fUr

eè;eiq#"k% i{;fl i{;Fk% i{;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% i{;kfe i{;ko% i{;ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% vipr~ viprke~ vipu~

eè;eiq#"k% vip% vipre~ vipr

mÙkeiq#"k% vipe~ vipko vipke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% iprq iprke~ ipUrq

eè;eiq#"k% ip ipre~ ipr

mÙkeiq#"k% ipkfu ipko ipke

2021–22

Page 18: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

104

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% ipsr~ ipsrke~ ips;q%

eè;eiq#"k% ips% ipsre~ ipsr

mÙkeiq#"k% ips;e~ ipso ipse

ik (fic~) ihuk

yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% ficfr ficr% ficfUr

eè;eiq#"k% ficfl ficFk% ficFk

mÙkeiq#"k% fickfe ficko% ficke%

yV~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% ikL;fr ikL;r% ikL;fUr

eè;eiq#"k% ikL;fl ikL;Fk% ikL;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% ikL;kfe ikL;ko% ikL;ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% vficr~ vficrke~ vficu~

eè;eiq#"k% vfic% vficre~ vficr

mÙkeiq#"k% vfice~ vficko vficke

2021–22

Page 19: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

ifjf'k"Ve~

105

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% ficrq ficrke~ ficUrq

eè;eiq#"k% fic ficre~ ficr

mÙkeiq#"k% fickfu ficko ficke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% ficsr~ ficsrke~ fics;q%

eè;eiq#"k% fics% ficsre~ ficsr

mÙkeiq#"k% fics;e~ ficso ficse

la[;kokpd'kCnk%

1 ,d%

2 }kS

3 =k;%

4 pRokj%

5 i×p

6 "kV~

7 lIr

8 v"V@v"VkS

9 uo

10 n'k

11 ,dkn'k

12 }kn'k

13 =k;ksn'k

14 prqnZ'k

15 i×pn'k

16 "kksM'k

17 lIrn'k

18 v"Vkn'k

19 uon'k@,dksu¯o'kfr%@Åu¯o'kfr%

20 ¯o'kfr%

2021–22

Page 20: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

106

21 ,d¯o'kfr%

22 }k¯o'kfr%

23 =k;ks o'kfr%

24 prqfo±'kfr%

25 i×p¯o'kfr%

26 "kM~¯o'kfr%

27 lIr¯o'kfr%

28 v"Vk¯o'kfr%

29 uo¯o'kfr%@,dksu¯=k'kr~

30 ¯=k'kr~

31 ,d¯=k'kr~

32 }k¯=k'kr~

33 =k;¯L=k'kr~

34 prq L=k'kr~

35 i×p¯=k'kr~

36 "kV~ =k'kr~

37 lIr¯=k'kr~

38 v"Vk¯=k'kr~

39 uo¯=k'kr~@,dksupRok¯j'kr~

40 pRok¯j'kr~

41 ,dpRok¯j'kr~

42 f}pRok¯j'kr~

43 =k;'pRok¯j'kr~@f=kpRok¯j'kr~

44 prq'pRok¯j'kr~

45 i×ppRok¯j'kr~

46 "kV~pRok¯j'kr~

47 lIrpRok¯j'kr~

48 v"VpRok¯j'kr~@v"VkpRok¯j'kr~

49 uopRok¯j'kr~@,dksui×pk'kr~

50 i×pk'kr~

51 ,di×pk'kr~

52 }ki×pk'kr~@f}i×pk'kr~

53 =k;%i×pk'kr~@f=ki×pk'kr~

54 prq%i×pk'kr~

55 i×pi×pk'kr~

56 "kV~i×pk'kr~

57 lIri×pk'kr~

58 v"Vki×pk'kr~@v"Vi×pk'kr~

59 uoi×pk'kr~@,dksu"kf"V%

60 "kf"V%

2021–22

Page 21: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

ifjf'k"Ve~

107

61 ,d"kf"V%

62 }k"kf"V%@f}"kf"V%

63 =k;""kf"V%@f=k"kf"V%

64 prq""kf"V%

65 i×p"kf"V%

66 "kV~"kf"V%

67 lIr"kf"V%

68 v"Vk"kf"V%@v"V"kf"V%

69 uo"kf"V%@,dksulIrfr%

70 lIrfr%

71 ,dlIrfr%72 }klIrfr%@f}lIrfr%

73 f=klIrfr%@=k;LlIrfr%

74 prqLlIrfr%

75 i×plIrfr%

76 "kV~lIrfr%

77 lIrlIrfr%

78 v"VklIrfr%@v"VlIrfr%

79 uolIrfr%@,dksuk'khfr%

80 v'khfr%

81 ,dk'khfr%

82 }Ô'khfr%

83 =;'khfr%

84 prqj'khfr%

85 i×pk'khfr%

86 "kM'khfr%

87 lIrk'khfr%

88 v"Vk'khfr%

89 uok'khfr%@,dksuuofr%

90 uofr%

91 ,duofr%

92 }kuofr%@f}uofr%

93 =k;ksuofr%@f=kuofr%

94 prquZofr%95 i×puofr%

96 "k..kofr%

97 lIruofr%

98 v"Vkuofr%@v"Vuofr%

99 uouofr%@,dksu'kre~

100 'kre~

2021–22

Page 22: ncert.nic.in · 2020. 8. 1. · ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

108

iwj.kokpd'kCnk%

iq¡fyX L=khfyX uiq¡ldfyX

1 izFke% izFkek izFkee~

2 f}rh;% f}rh;k f}rh;e~

3 r`rh;% r`rh;k r`rh;e~

4 prqFkZ% prqFkhZ prqFkZe~

5 i×pe% i×peh i×pee~

6 "k"B% "k"Bh "k"Be~

7 lIre% lIreh lIree~

8 v"Ve% v"Veh v"Vee~

9 uoe% uoeh uoee~

10 n'ke% n'keh n'kee~

2021–22