nd international conference of analytical sciences ... program book.pdf · zakira imana abu mansor...

ABSTRACT BOOK

THE 32nd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ANALYTICAL SCIENCES

SIMPOSIUM KIMIA ANALISIS MALAYSIA (SKAM32)

Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability

Copyright

Universiti Kuala Lumpur

Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology

2019

Published in Malaysia by

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering

Technology, Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, MALAYSIA

Tel: 06 5512000 Fax: 06 5512001

2

Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability SKAM32 2019

PREFACE

The 32nd International Conference of Analytical Sciences 2019, also known as Simposium Kimia

Analisis Malaysia ke-32 (SKAM32) witnesses the full commitment of Universiti Kuala Lumpur

Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL

MICET) jointly organized with Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS) in providing

a premier platform for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss their views on recent

research and application in related area of analytical science and chemistry. The central theme

of the conference is “Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability” is

intended to provide an opportunity for networking and sharing of ideas that can be serve to

enhance collaboration across universities, research institutions, government, industry and

experts both local and international. This 32nd edition comprises of local and international expert

keynote speakers, invited lectures, with over 180 presenters are involved in making this

conference a success. All papers presented are analytical sciences and chemistry-related,

specifically on Advanced Materials, Environmental Chemistry, Synthesis Chemistry,

Bioanalysis, and Separation Chemistry. The organizing committee of SKAM32 sincerely hopes

that this conference provides all involved with interesting and multidimensional perspectives

and relevant information, which proves useful for your professional and personal use. Finally,

we do hope that SKAM32 opens up new opportunities and the path towards further development

within IR4.0 in addition to general significant contributions to the fields.

3


CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

PREFACE 2

CONTENTS 3

INTRODUCTION 17

FOREWORD

1. Professor Dato’ Dr Mazliham Mohd Su'ud

President/CEO


21

2. Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman

President

Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)

22

3. Associate Professor Dr Ruzainah Ali @ Jaafar

Dean/Head of Campus

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and

Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET)

23

4. Associate Professor Dr Norzahir Sapawe

Conference Chairperson of SKAM-32/2019

24

PROGRAM ITINERARY 25

KEYNOTE SPEAKER

1. Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr Sukiman Sarmani

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 – CHALLENGES IN MEETING THE

REQUIRED STI HUMAN CAPITAL

Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

28

2. Professor Dr Adrian Evan Flood

TEMPERATURE-CYCLE INDUCED DERACEMIZATION FOR OBTAINING

OPTICALLY PURE PRODUCTS

Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Thailand

29

INVITED SPEAKER

1. Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, UPM

EMBRACING ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENZYME IMMOBILISATION

AND DRUG NANODELIVERY

30

2. Professor Dr Norhayati Mohd Tahir, UMT

USE OF BIOMARKERS TO ELUCIDATE SOURCES OF PAH IN THE

ENVIRONMENT

31

3. Professor Dr Zainab Ngaini, UNIMAS

SHINE THE SCAFFOLDS LIKE A DIAMOND: A CHALLENGE TOWARDS

IR 4.0

32

4. Professor Dr Muhammad Mukram Mohamed Mackeen, UKM

ANALYSIS OF BIOMOLECULES VIA PROTEOMIC AND GLYCOMIC

APPROACHES

33

4


5. Professor Dr Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, UTM

SPOROPOLLENIN-BASED COMPOSITES AS ENVIRONMENTALLY

BENIGN ALTERNATIVE SORBENT FOR DETERMINATION OF SELECTED

DRUGS FROM WATER SAMPLES

34

6. Associate Professor Dr Norzahir Sapawe, UniKL

ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM: A PROMISING AND SIMPLE TOOL FOR

SYNTHESIZING METAL CATALYST WITH TAILORED SIZE,

MORPHOLOGY, AND CRYSTAL PHASES

35

7. Associate Professor Dr Gaanty Pragas Maniam, UMP

THE ACTUAL IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TO THE

ENVIRONMENT

36

8. Associate Professor Dr Juliana Jumal, USIM

SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER SCREENING ACTIVITY OF 6-

HYDROXY-4-METHYL COUMARIN DERIVATIVES AND THEIR

COMPLEXES

37

9. Associate Professor Dr Zainiharyati Mohd Zain, UiTM

MAKING SENSE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR IN BIOANALYSIS 38

10. Associate Professor Dr Sharifah Mohamad, UM

EDIBLE NATURAL PRODUCTS: A PROMISING MATERIALS FOR

ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS

39

ABSTRACT – ORAL

THEME: ADVANCED MATERIALS

ADV01 DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS POTENTIAL ELECTROLYTES FOR

REDOX FLOW BATTERY Sharifah Nurain Syed Nasir, Nadiah Sidek, M.F.Z. Kadir and Ninie S. A. Manan

40

ADV02 SURFACTANT-BOUND Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES AS CATALYST

SUPPORT: SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES Hassanain Hafiz Mohd Asnan, Siti Kamilah Che Soh, Wan Fatihah Khairunisa Wan Nor,

Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini, Uwaisulqarni M. Osman, Mohd Hasmizam

Razali and Mustaffa Shamsuddin

41

ADV03 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL FREE OXYGEN-

DOPED MESOPOROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE AS A

POTENTIAL PHOTOCATALYST UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT

IRRADIATION Shittu Fatimah Bukola, Anwar Iqbal, Farook Adam and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim

42

ADV04 THE EFFECT OF ANALYTICAL ACCELERATED AGING ON

POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) CONTAINING GYNOSTEMMA

PENTAPHYLLUM EXTRACT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH UV

RESISTANCE Rahimi M. Yusop, Raghda Alsayed, Hadeel Adil, Dina S. Ahmed and Emad Yousif

43

ADV05 PARAMETER INFLUENCES ON GELATION PROCESS OF SILICA

SOL-GEL AND SILICA SOL-GEL/KENAF Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof, Zulhafiz Tajudin, Ong Siew Kooi and Azanam Shah Hashim

44

ADV06 ADSORPTION ISOTHERM AND KINETIC STUDIES OF BIS(2-

ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE-IMPRINTED POLYMER VIA BULK

POLYMERIZATION Noor Fadilah Yusof, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod and Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah

45

5


ADV07 DETERMINATION OF PERFECT OPERATION CONDITION FOR

GLYCEROL OXIDATION USING PdAu/VGCNF ELECTROCATALYST

FOR DIRECT GLYCEROL FUEL CELL Norilhamiah Yahya and Nabila A. Karim

46

ADV08 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA-SILVER CORE-

SHELL NANOPARTICLES AND ITS POTENTIAL IN CATALYTIC

DEGRADATION OF METHYL ORANGE DYE Alyza A. Azmi, Nur Kamilah Mohd and W.M.A.W.M. Khalek

47

ADV09 KINETIC STUDIES OF BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM WASTE

COOKING OIL USING HYDROTALCITE CATALYST Mohamed Afiq Mohamed Moffit, Mohd Razealy Anuar

48

ADV10 PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMI-REFINED

CARRAGEENAN REINFORCED WITH CELLULOSE NANOFIBER

INCORPORATED WITH Α-TOCOPHEROL AS AN ACTIVE FOOD

PACKAGING

Wan Amnin Wan Yahaya, Raja Nurliyana Raja Ahmad, Nurul Aini Mohd Azman,

Ahmad Salihin Bin Samsudin and Wan Faizal Wan Ishak

49

ADV11 PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT AMINE - BASED FUNCTIONALISED

SILICA/OPBI NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR HIGH

TEMPERATURE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL (PEMFC) Amir Aiman Tahrim and Indok Nurul Hasyimah Mohd Amin

50

ADV12 CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYANILINE FUNCTIONALIZED

GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS FOR ELECTROANALYSIS OF CHIRAL

TYROSINE Zakira Imana Abu Mansor and Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi

51

ADV13 X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

OF SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES BASED ON

MALTODEXTRINMETHYLCELLULOSE BLEND DOPED WITH

AMMONIUM BROMIDE Ahmad Syafiq Fauzan Mohd Asnawi, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani Abdul Kadir and Yuhanees

Mohamed Yusof

52

ADV14 CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROGENERATED Ni-Pb SUPPORTED

ON CALCIUM OXIDE DERIVED FROM WASTE COCKLE SHELL Faridah Ghafar, Norzahir Sapawe, Mohd Amin Alikasturi and Nor Azmmi Masripan

53

ADV15 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PREPARATION METHODS OF

CALCIUM BASED CHROMIUM OXIDES CATALYST FOR

TRANSESTERIFICATION OF REFINED COOKING OIL Susilawati Toemen, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar, Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid, Wan Nur Aini

Wan Mokhtar and Juan Matmin

54

ADV16 EFFECT OF TEOS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF SILICA-COATED IRON

OXIDE NANOPARTICLES Nurul Izza Taib, Nur Diyana Syazwani Zambri, Famiza Abd Latif and Zakiah Mohamed

55

ADV17 ELECTROCHEMICAL DISCRIMINATION OF CHIRAL ASPARTIC

ACID BY USING GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS-FUNCTIONALIZED

AMINO ACID FROM L-PROLINE/GOLD NANORODS ON SCREEN

PRINTED CARBON ELECTRODE Nurul Hidayah Mustaffar Kamal, Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi and Lim Hong Ngee

56

ADV18 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ACID CATALYST SUPPORTS TOWARDS

GLUCOSE HYDROLYSIS Puteri Nurain Syahirah Megat Muhammad Kamal, Amin Safwan Alikasturi, Nur Izwani

Jimat, Muhammad Aizuddin Aminuddin Suharto, Nur Izzati Mohamad and Magdalyn

Empina Serit

57

6


ADV19 ELECTRONIC TEXTILES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS Mohd Muzamir Mahat

58

ADV20 BIMETALLIC OXIDE Fe/Mn/Al2O3 CATALYST FOR DEEP OXIDATIVE

DESULFURIZATION OF MODEL DIESEL OIL Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar, Wan Azalee Wan Abu Bakar and Wan Nazwanie Wan

Abdullah

59

THEME: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

ENV01 APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION COUPLED

WITH DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION FOR THE

DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN

VEGETABLES Chai Mee Kin, Tan Yeong Hwang and Wong Ling Shing

60

ENV02 COMPARISON STUDY FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY

TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE COOKING OIL AND PILOT

PLANT WASTE OVER Ni/CaO CATALYST Nurul Shahira Anuar, Mohd Nor Irham Nor Azan, Amin Safwan Alikasturi and Nor

Shahirah Mohd Nasir

61

ENV03 DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE

METALS IN LAKE KENYIR, MALAYSIA Suhaimi Suratman, Fatin Adlina Md Nasir and Tan Hock Seng

62

ENV04 TREATMENT OF POND FROM ABANDONED LANDFILL VIA

ELECTROCOAGULATION Norhafezah Kasmuri, Dian Khairunnisa Muhammad Amin and Nurazwa Adnan

63

ENV05 TOWNWATER FOOTPRINT FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS

ADDRESING IMPACT-ORIENTED APPROACH METHOD Masitah Alias, Ahmad Rosly Abbas, Nuriffika Ruslan and Ammar Harith Ahmad Amer

64

ENV06 EVALUATION OF TETREMETHYLAMMONIUM ACETATE AS

CORROSION SUPPRESSOR FOR FLOW ASSURANCE APPLICATIONS Ali Qasim, Muhammad Saad Khan, Bhajan Lal and Mokhtar Che Ismail

65

ENV07 EFFECT OF REACTION PARAMETERS (TEMPERATURE, TIME AND

SOLID LOADING) ON LIGNIN FROM OIL PALM FROND (OPF) UNDER

SUBCRITICAL PHENOL CONDITIONS AS A PRECURSOR FOR

CARBON FIBER PRODUCTION Khalidatul Athirah Khalid, Asimi Ana Ahmad and Tau Len-Kelly Yong

66

ENV08 HEAVY METALS LEVEL IN BAMBOO SHARKS (Chiloscyllium sp.) IN

STRAITS OF MALACCA MALAYSIA Poong Jun Han, Tee Lian Sheng, Tan Evonne, Yip Tiam Hing, Muhammad Hasbi Ramli,

Abd Rahman Ali Hassan, Ahmad Ali, Chen Meng Hsien, James Lam Chung Wah and Ong

Meng Chuan

67

ENV09 IMPACTS OF CITRIC ACID ON PHYTOEXTRACTION OF ZINC (Zn)

USING SORGHUM BICOLOR L.M PLANTS Hamza Badamasi and Muhammad Saminu Dagari

68

ENV10 MICROBIAL PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY ACID (PLFA) ASSOCIATED WITH

CADAVER DECOMPOSITION AT LATE DECAY STAGE: A BURIAL IN

NAMI SERIES SOIL OF BUKIT KOR Siti Sofo Ismail, Syazwani Ainaa Aling and Nik Mohd Shin

69

ENV11 DEACIDIFICATION OF NAPHTHENIC ACIDS FROM PETROLEUM

CRUDE OILS USING 2-METHYLIMIDAZOLE WITH THE AID OF Ni/Ce

and Cu/Ce CATALYST Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi

70

7


ENV12 MULTICLASS EMERGING ORGANIC POLLUTION AND ASSOCIATED

RISK IN THE KLANG RIVER ESTUARY, MALAYSIA Tuan Fauzan Tuan Omar, Ahmad Zaharin Aris, Fatimah Md. Yusoff and Shuhaimi Mustafa

71

ENV13 KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS STUDIES FOR THE ADSORPTION

OF CHRYSENE ONTO MIL-88(Fe) AND NH2-MIL-88 METAL-ORGANIC

FRAMEWORKS Zakariyya Uba Zango and Bahruddin Saad

72

ENV14 REMOVAL OF DYE USING THE NANO-CRYSTALLINE

HYDROXYAPATITE FROM FOOD WASTE Mohamed Imran Shah Mohd Shah, Elyzar Abdul Aziz and Sabrina Karim

73

ENV15 RECYCLING OF SPENT GARNET BY WASHING WITH ORGANIC ACID Amelia Md Som

74

ENV16 PERFORMANCE OF SIMULTANEOUS PERSULFATE AND FERROUS

SULPHATE OXIDATION FOR LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT Salem S. Abu Amr, Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi, Mohammed J.K. Bashir and Tamer M. Alslaibi

75

ENV17 TURBIDITY EFFECTS OF SUSPENDED BAUXITE IN EMBRYONIC

STAGE OF CLIMBING PERCH, ANABAS TESTUDINEUS AFTER POST

FERTILIZATION Nurulnadia Mohd Yusoff

76

ENV18 REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY MAGNETIC

KAOLINITE-IRON OXIDE COMPOSITE Izzan Salwana Izman, Siti Nor Atika Baharin and Ruhaida Rusmin

77

ENV19 SIZE-DEPENDENT ABUNDANCE AND COMPOSITION OF DISSOLVED

ORGANIC MATTER (DOM) IN PEAT SWAMP SOIL FROM RAJA MUSA

PEAT SWAMP FOREST Noor Fazreen Dzulkafli, Noor Atikah Sahadan, Mohd Fadzli Ahmad and Ainilhawa Sazali

78

ENV20 GREEN SYNTHESIZED COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM

Blumea Balsamifera LINN. LEAVES AND ITS BIOCIDAL ACTIVITIES

AGAINST Bactrocera Dorsalis (HENDEL) Danila S. Paragas, Kathlia DC. Cruz and Elaida R. Fiegalan

79

ENV21 INVESTIGATION OF GLYCEROL AS CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR

FLOW ASSURANCE IN GAS PIPELINES Belkhir Walid, Yoann Madec, Vinayagam Sivabalan and Bhajan Lal Rahanu

80

ENV22 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL VIA Ni-

DOPED ONTO CALCINED CHICKEN EGGSHELL CATALYST Haniza Kahar, Muhammad Farid Fitri Kamaronzaman, Norzahir Sapawe and

Nazatulshima Hassan

81

ENV23 METALS CONCENTRATION IN FRESH AND DRIED ANCHOVY

(Encrasicholina Devisi) FROM KUALA TERENGGANU COASTAL WATER,

MALAYSIA Nik Mohmmad Azmi Nik Nurasyikin and Mohd Yusoff Nurulnadia

82

ENV24 INVESTIGATION OF TORREFACTION PROCESS PARAMETERS AND

CHARACTERIZATION OF TORREFIED EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES Mohamad Azri Sukiran, Nasrin Abu Bakar, Faisal Abnisa, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud,

Astimar Abdul Aziz and Soh Kheang Loh

83

ENV25 STABILIZATION OF PEAT SOIL USING MAGNESIA OXIDE – A

PRELIMINARY STUDY Lily Suhaila Yacob and Amelia Md Som

84

ENV26 TOXICITY STUDIES OF OXIDIZED PRODUCT OF 17α

ETHINYLESTRADIOL (EE2) WHEN UNDERGO OXIDATION WITH

CATALYTIC POLYMER-CLAY FILMS Nur Khairunnisa Nazri, Nabilah Ismail and Fatimah Hashim

85

8


ENV27 SYNTHESIS OF NICKEL SUPPORTED ONTO CALCINED COCKLE

SHELL CATALYST FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION Aiman Nazmi Rosli, Muhd Hasyir Mirza Dazriman and Norzahir Sapawe

86

ENV28 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIO OIL DERIVED FROM

CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE PYROLYSIS Noor Afiqah Mohd, Siti Nurul Atikah Abdul Halim and Afifah Abd. Rahim

87

ENV29 CHEMOSENSOR DEVELOPMENT FOR COBALT ION RECOGNITION

USING 2-ACETYLPYRAZINE THIOSEMICARBAZONE:

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACH Hakimah Ismail, Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad and Erna Normaya Abdullah

88

ENV30 CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZES OF RAW

WASTE TYRE THROUGH PROXIMATE, ULTIMATE AND THERMAL

ANALYSIS FOR FUEL PRODUCTION Dzuhairy Ab. Taleb, Muzafar Zulkifli, Raja Razuan Raja Deris, Hamidah Abd Hamid and

Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya

89

ENV31 WASTE GLASS BASED CATALYSTS FOR PRODUCTION OF

BIODIESEL Tanussha Tamil Selvan and Tan Yen Ping

90

ENV32 EXTRACTION OF 4-OCTYLPHENOL AND 4-NONYLPHENOL FROM

RIVER WATER USING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH

PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Mohd Zahid Baharom, Nurulnadia Mohd Yusoff, Marinah Mohd Ariffin and Wan Mohd Afiq

Wan Mohd Khalik

91

ENV33 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID REMOVAL OF PALM OIL MILL

EFFLUENT (POME) VIA OPTIMIZATION OF MODIFIED

ELECTROCOAGULATION Rusmawarni Ramli and Mohammad Fadhil Alias

92

THEME: SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY

SYN01 SYNTHESIS OF DITHIOCARBAZATE TRANSITION METAL SCHIFF

BASE COMPLEXES AND ITS CATALYTIC STUDY OF CYCLOHEXANE

OXIDATION Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir, Ali Ahmed Alshaheri, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul

Rahman and Thahira Begum

93

SYN02 DIRECT CARBOXYLATION OF CRUDE GLYCEROL OVER

LANTHANUM OXIDE AND IMPACT OF IMPURITIES Nurul Ashraf Razali, Marco Conte and James McGregor

94

SYN03 OPTIMIZATION OF MONTMORILLONITE K10 ION-EXCHANGE WITH

Fe3+ FOR THE APPLICATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION Syahirah Yahya and Farah Wahida Harun

95

SYN04 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 7-HYDROXYCOUMARIN

CONTAINING NEW TYPE OF PHTHALOCYANINE COMPOUNDS AND

INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL

PROPERTIES Aminu Dauda

96

SYN05 ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF 4-NITROPHENYLPALMITATE BY

CANDIDA RUGOSA LIPASE ENCAPSULATED WITHIN ZIF-8 Noor Fazrieyana Hamidon, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir, Muhammad Alif Mohamad

Latif, Emilia Abdulmalek and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman

97

9


SYN06 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDATIVE

EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SELECTED CURCUMA SPECIES Noor Izzatie Munira Kamaruddin, Nor Azah Mohd Ali, Zaidah Zainal Ariffin and Muhd

Fauzi Safian

98

SYN07 ENHANCEMENT OF MOLECULAR IMPRINTED CORE-SHELL

MICROSPHERE RESPONSE TO VANILLIN BY DELAYED

TERPOLYMERIZATION Nor Nadiah Mohamad Yusof, Takaomi Kobayashi and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim

99

SYN08 EFFECT OF THERMAL PRO-OXIDANT AND CARBON BLACK

SUBSTITUTION ON PHOTO-THERMAL DEGRADATION OF

LDPE/BIOCHAR COMPOSITES Khaliesah Abbas, Muhammad Aiman Sukri, Raja Nazrul Hakim Raja Nazri, Siew Kooi Ong,

Soh Kheang Loh and Robert Thomas Bachmann

100

SYN09 ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF AQUOUES

INFUSION AND JUICING OF BENTONG GINGER T.A Faiz T. Anuar, Fiona How Ni Foong and Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir

101

SYN10 IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND

FLAVONOID CONTENTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PSEUDOBULB

OF DENDROBIUM CRUMENATUM SWARTZ Siti Aisyah Mohamed Diah, Nur Hidayah Abd Razak, Nabilah Ismail, Nurhayati Yusuf,

Nurul Aliaa Idris, Razifah Mohd Razali, Zamzahaila Mohd Zain and Nurul Ulfah Karim

102

SYN11 CHEMICALLY MODIFIED BENTONITE EFFECT THE PREPARATION

AND PROPERTIES OF POLYSTYRENE-BASED COMPOSITES C.H.N. Faizah, M.N.A. Nazira, R.N. Hakim and L. Yusriah

103

SYN12 SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND CYTOTOXICITY STUDY OF

3,5-DISUBSTITUTED THIADIAZINE DERIVATIVES Dayang Fatin Nadhirah binti Abang Sapani and Fiona How Ni Foong

104

THEME: BIOANALYSIS

BIO01 IN-VITRO DISSOLUTION BEHAVIOR AND DATA VALIDATION OF

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN KACIP FATIMAH AS HERBAL PRODUCTS

COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN MARKETS Noorazwani Zainol, Nazurah Mohd Azman, Mohd Eeyad Arief Mohd Nor Asri and Harisun

Yaakob

105

BIO02 SCREENING OF NATURAL COLOURS FROM VARIOUS NATURAL

RESOURCES AS A POTENTIAL OF RE-USEABLE VISUAL INDICATOR Mohd Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim, Nurdiyana Husin, Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor, Ismail Fitry

Mohammad Rashedi and Zaida Rahayu Yet

106

BIO03 PHYSICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF

FUNCTIONAL PH PROBE PVC MEMBRANE FOR DETERMINATION

OF TOTAL ALKALINITY Azrilawani Ahmad, Noor Sheryna Jusoh, Marinah Mohd Ariffin and Hafiza Mohamed Zuki

107

BIO04 PRELIMINARY STUDY IN DISCOVERING 2-GERANYLPHENOL FROM

LANSIUM DOMESTICUM LEAVES AS OXIDATION AND TYROSINASE

INHIBITOR FOR ANTI-AGING AND SKIN WHITENING AGENTS:

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY Nur Diana Abdul Razak, Erna Normaya Abdullah, Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah,

Kamaruzzaman Yunus and Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad

108

10


BIO05 ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ATLANTIC MACKEREL (SCOMBER

SCOMBRUS SP) AND MIXED FISH PROCESSING WASTE STREAMS

BY LIPID PEROXIDATION INHIBITION AND RADICAL SCAVENGING

ACTIVITY Nor Raihana Mohamed Zam

109

BIO06 FATTY ACID PROFILING OF EPINEPHELUS COIOIDES, GERRES

FILAMENTOSUS AND LATES CALCARIFER FROM THE ESTUARY OF

TERENGGANU, EAST COAST PENINSULAR MALAYSIA USING GAS

CHROMATOGRAPHY-FLAME IONIZATION Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Chan Yu Bin, Ng Yih Ning, Kwan Yee Sang, Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim and

Loh Saw Hong

110

BIO07 VARIABILITY OF THE FLAVONOID METABOLITES IN CARICA

PAPAYA LEAVES BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS

SPECTROMETRY AND MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS Norazlan Mohmad Misnan, Low Kah Hin, Adlin Afzan, Mohd Isa Wasiman and Ami Fazlin

Syed Mohamed

111

BIO08 DEVELOPMENT OF ACETOBACTER XYLINUM GROWTH PROFILE

METHOD VIA TOTAL PROTEIN ANALYSIS Sharifah Soplah Syed Abdullah, Jessica Harriette Supang John and Mohd Azizan Mohd

Noor

112

BIO09 ANTIOXIDANT AND XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY

BY Euphorbia hirta (ARA TANAH)

Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny, Thum Carmen, Mohd Hishamuddin Che Mat, Ahmad Azudin

Nordin and Azalina Mohamed Nasir

113

BIO10 DEVELOPMENT OF α-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-5-METHYL-4-

ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID (AMPA) OPTICAL IMMUNOSENSOR

FOR DOMOIC ACID DETECTION IN SHELLFISH SEAFOOD Hafiza Mohamed Zuki, Lai Yun Ru, Noor Sheryna Jusoh, Azrilawani Ahmad @ Othman and

Marinah Mohd Ariffin

114

BIO11 MEASUREMENT MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION OF

ANTIFUNGAL IN MULTIPLE VOLATILE SYSTEMS OF COMBINATION

THYMOL AND CARVACROL Mazidah Abdul Rahman, Faridatul Ain Mohd Roslan, Noriza Ahmad and Siti Fatimah

Ibrahim

115

BIO12 A SENSITIVE UHPLC-ORBITRAP-MS METHOD FOR THE

DETERMINATION OF 2,4,6-TRIHYDROXY-3-GERANYL

ACETOPHENONE IN RAT PLASMA Yamen Alkhateeb, Faridah binti Abas, Yaya Rukayadi and Khozirah Shaari

116

BIO13 PRODUCTION OF VERMICOMPOST FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT

BUNCH (EFB) USING EISENIA-FETIDA EARTHWORMS Mohd Saufi Md Zaini, Muzafar Zulkifli, Nor Afifah Khalil, Robert Edyvean, Ahmad Naim

Ahmad Yahaya

117

BIO14 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIA BREADFRUIT PULP

AND KERNEL Noriza Ahmad, Faridatul Ain Mohd Roslan, Mazidah Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Izzat

Nazrin Mohd Nordin and Siti Fatimah Ibrahim

118

BIO15 SALASA ADULIS AS A NOVEL DUAL FUNCTIONAL FOOD ADDITIVE

FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES:

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACH Siti Hajar Ahmad Shariff, Erna Normaya Abdullah, Mohd Armi Abu Samah, Muhammad

Nor Omar and Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad

119

BIO16 REAL-TIME MONITORING OF MEAT FRESHNESS USING

DELPHINIDIN BASED VISUAL INDICATOR Nurdiyana Husin, Mohd Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim, Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor and Ismail Fitry

Mohammad Rashedi

120

11


BIO17 A NONTARGETED GC/MS ANALYSIS COMBINED WITH

CHEMOMETRICS METHODS FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF

HARUMANIS MANGO (MANGIFIRA INDICA) : DETERMINATION OF

CHEMICAL MARKERS Siti Raihan Zakaria, Norashikin Saim, Rozita Osman and Hafizan Juahir

121

BIO18 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING WITH RESPONSE SURFACE

METHODOLOGY (RSM) OF LOCALLY-PRODUCED-XYLOSE

REDUCTASE ENZYME PURIFICATION BY REVERSE MICELLE Rusmawarni Ramli, Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim and Zularisam Ab Wahid

122

BIO19 TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM OF NANOEMULSION CONTAINING

GEMCITABINE (GEM) Nadiatul Atiqah Wahgiman, Norazlinaliza Salim and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman

123

BIO20 FAT REDUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS ENHANCEMENT OF

EDIBLE COMPOSITE COATING (PECTIN-MALTODEXTRIN)

ON FRIED POTATO CHIPS Nur Afiqah Mohamed Latif , Abdul Manan Dos Mohamad and Shahrulzaman Shaharuddin

124

THEME: SEPARATION CHEMISTRY

SEP01 SCREENING OF PLANTS FOR INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES AGAINST

ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY Bactrocera Dorsalis (HENDEL) FOR PEST

MANAGEMENT OF MANGO Mangifera Indica Danila S. Paragas, Kathlia DC. Cruz and Elaida R. Fiegalan

125

SEP02 DEVELOPMENT OF SUPRAMOLECULAR SOLVENT ASSISTED

MAGNETIC SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION FOR DETERMINATION OF

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN AQUEOUS SAMPLES USING HIGH

PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Kasturi Gopal, Muggundha Raaov, Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah, Noorfatimah Yahaya and Nur

Nadhirah Mohamad Zain

126

SEP03 IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE

AND SUCROSE IN WATERMELON JUICE PEEL Wan Mazlina Md Saad, Fatimah Salim, Nur Shafinaz Mohamad Salin and Ainza Suzila

Ramzi

127

SEP04 THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GOLD EXTRACTION FROM

CYANIDE SOLUTION Nor Nabiha Md Zan

128

SEP05 MULTI-SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHEMOMETRICS ANALYSIS FOR

FORENSIC DETERMINATION OF BLOOD SPECIES Durga Devi Sandran, Nik Fakhuruddin Nik Hassan, Yusmazura Zakaria and Noor Zuhartini

Md Muslim

129

SEP06 THIN FILM µ-EXTRACTION WITH C18-CTA AS THE SORBENT FOR

SEPARATION AND PRE-CONCENTRATION OF CAFFEINE IN

ENVIRONMENTAL WATER Aida Farhana Mazlan, Nurul Aryani Zulkipli, Loh Saw Hong and Wan Mohd Afiq Wan

Mohd Khalik

130

SEP07 AGAROSE-CHITOSAN-INTERGRATED MULTIWALLED CARBON

NANOTUBES FILM MICRO-SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION COMBINED

WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE

DETERMINATION OF TRUCYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS IN

AQUEOUS SAMPLES Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim, Mohd Marsin Sanagi and Nor Suhaila Mohammad Hanapi

131

12


SEP08 EFFECT OF BMIM-CHLORIDE PHYSIO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF

ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBER MEMBRANE FOR DOMESTIC WASTE

WATER Ahmad Tarmizi Mohd, Nur Syakinah Abd Halim, Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal, Muhammad

Roil Bilad, Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin, Zulfan Adi Putra and Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff

132

SEP09 ISOLATION, STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF LUPEOL, STEROL

GROUP AND CHEMICAL PROFILING OF Fortunella Polyandra LEAVES

USING UPLC Q-TOF/MS Norazah Basar, Hazim Syahmi Elias, Atiqah Othman, Syarul Nataqain Baharum and

Kamalrul Azlan Azizan

133

SEP10 EVALUATION OF CAR PRIMER USING PYROLYSIS-GAS

CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (PY-GC-MS) Raja Zubaidah Raja Sabaradin, Norashikin Saim, Rozita Osman and Hafizan Juahir

134

SEP11 SOURCE DETERMINATION OF PSEUDOEPHEDRINE USING

ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM

INFRARED (ATR-FTIR) SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS Ainol Hayah Ahmad Nadzri, Saravana Kumar Jayaram, Dzulkiflee Ismail and Wan Nur

Syuhaila Mat Desa

135

SEP12 COMPARISON OF LIPIDS EXTRACTION METHODS ON Chlorella

Vulgaris sp. WITH IONIC LIQUID AS AN ADDITIVE Ninna Sakina Azman and Noraini Abd Ghani

136

SEP13 A SIMPLE MINIATURIZED SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUE FOR

DETERMINATION OF POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL

WATER Muhammad Nur’ Hafiz Rozaini, Bahruddin Saad and Noorfatimah Yahaya

137

SEP14 FACILE SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO/Fe3O4)

FOR RAPID EXTRACTION, PRECONCENTRATION AND TRACE

DETERMINATION OF TETRACYCLINES FROM WATER SAMPLES Ungku Amirul Arif Ungku Abdullah, Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi, Wan Nazihah Wan

Ibrahim and Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir

138

SEP15 PURIFICATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM ASYSTASIA

GANGETICA BY RECYCLING HPLC Isna Athirah Othman and Norizan Ahmat

139

SEP16 EVALUATION OF PANDANUS AMARYLLIFOLIUS ESSENTIAL OIL

AS A SOURCE OF INSECT REPELLENT SOAP Marmy Roshaidah Mohd Salleh, Norulakmal Norhadi and Nurul Ardilla Abdul Manaf Yusof

140

SEP17 AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT DECADE RACEMIC DRUG

RESOLUTION Hatijah Basri, Tahir Shah and Haider Al-Lawati

141

SEP18 PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, NUTRIENT CONTENT,

PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF

EDIBLE RED SEAWEEDS (KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII, EUCHEUMA

SPINOSUM AND EUCHEUMA STRIATUM) FROM SABAH, MALAYSIA Farah Nurshahida, M.S., Nurul Aini, M.A, Nazikussabah, Z., Wan Mohd Faizal, W.I. and

Aida Hamimi, I

142

SEP19 ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOL

EXTRACT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE LEAVES OF

Macaranga Gigantea (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) M. Sulaiman M. Johari, Norizan Ahmat, Zetty Zulikha Hafiz and Aisyah Salihah

Kamarozaman

143

13


ABSTRACT – POSTER

THEME: ADVANCED MATERIALS

PAM01 THE VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOUR OF DICLOFENAC VIA

MICROPOROUS MEMBRANE AT WATER|1,2-DICHLOROETHANE

INTERFACE SYSTEM Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi and Eissa M. Al-mbrok

144

PAM02 UTILIZATION OF NEEM LEAF EXTRACT ON BIOSYNTHESIS OF IRON

OXDIE NANOPARTICLES IN SODIUM HYDROXIDE MEDIUM Nurul Izza Taib, Nur Diyana Syazwani Zambri, Famiza Abd Latif and Zakiah Mohamed

145

PAM03 PHOTODEGRADATION OF PARACETAMOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

BY HYBRID ZnO-PES PHOTOCATALYST Maureen Chijioke-Okere, Emeka E. Oguzie, Abdul Halim Abdullah, Cynthia E. Ogukwe and

Paschal C. Njoku

146

PAM04 MORPHOLOGICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON

DIOXIDE FILLED POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL PLASTICIZED

POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE ELECTROLYTES Sharil Fadli Mohamad Zamri, Famiza Abdul Latif, Ruhani Ibrahim, Fazni Susila Abdul

Ghani and Nurul Dhabitah Basri

147

PAM05 STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGY, CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL

STUDIES OF POLYANILINE FABRICS DOPED HCl AND pTSA ACIDS Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin, Nazreen Che Roslan, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim,

Siti Norzatul Ikma Omar and Mohd Muzamir Mahat

148

PAM06 STRUCTURAL, ELEMENTAL AND CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES OF

POLYANILINE DOPED PHOSPHORIC ACID Nazreen Che Roslan, Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin, Siti Nurzatul Ikma Omar, Mohamed

Izzharif Abdul Halim and Mohd Muzamir Mahat

149

PAM07 STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND CRYSTAL PHASE OF ZrO2

CATALYST GENERATED VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD Muhammad Farhan Hanafi and Norzahir Sapawe

150

PAM08 PREPARATION OF HIGH PURITY AMORPHOUS SILICA FROM OIL

PALM FROND (OPF) ASH VIA ACID LEACHING TREATMENT Nor Surayah Osman and Norzahir Sapawe

151

PAM09 ELECTROBIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING

GARCINIA MANGOSTANA PEEL EXTRACT FOR DEGRADATION OF

MALACHITE GREEN Mohd Ariff Rustam and Norzahir Sapawe

152

PAM10

ELECTROSYNTHESIS OF Zn-Cu SUPPORTED CALCINED EGG SHELLS

FOR REMOVAL OF CONGO RED Nurul Fahmi Khairol and Norzahir Sapawe

153

PAM11 ELECTROBIOSYNTHESIS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLE

USING HIBISCUS LEAF EXTRACT VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL

METHOD FOR PHENOL DEGRADATION Muhammad Syahin Firdaus Aziz Zamri and Norzahir Sapawe

154

14


THEME: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

PEC01 EMISSION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

COMPOUND IN SMOKE PARTICULATE AT THREE DIFFERENT

COMBUSTION STAGES FROM BURNING OF RHIZOPHORA

APICULATA, MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRON AND HEVEA

BRASILIENSIS WOOD Suhaimi Suratman, Tan Hock Seng, Mhd Radzi Abas and Norhayati Mohd Tahir

155

PEC02 HEAVY METALS IN MARSH CLAM (POLYMESODA EXPANSA) AS

BIOINDICATOR FOR POLLUTION IN SAND MINING AREA OFF

KELANTAN RIVER MALAYSIA Abdul Hafidz Yusoff, Nurul Nashuha Roslan, Azwan Mat Lazim, Mohd Shahrul Mohd

Nadzir,Nor Fakihin Aqsa and Minhaz Farid Ahmed

156

PEC03 EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM AQUEOUS USING HYBRID

GRAPHITE NANOFLAKES/MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES,

AMINE FUNCTIONALIZED MESOPOROUS SILICA AND GRAPHITE

NANOFLAKES Haslina Ahmad, Vilander Vince Laini, Tan Zhi Qian, Radhiah Mohd Jelani, Fatin Ahza

Rosli and Sazlinda Kamaruzzaman

157

PEC04 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN E-CIGARETTE LIQUIDS AND

AEROSOLS USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS

SPECTROMETRY (GCMS) Mohd Naeem bin Mohd Nawi, Sharifah Mazrah Sayed Mohamed Zain and Mohd Fairulnizal

Md Noh

158

PEC05 INVESTIGATION ON THE STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL

PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN BASED UREA FERTILISERS IN SOIL AND

WATER Amierul Hakiem Azhari, Arina Shairah Abdul Sukor, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim and

Mohd Muzamir Mahat

159

PEC06 STUDY ON THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF PHENOL USING

ELECTROGENERATED ZIRCONIA CATALYST Muhammad Farhan Hanafi and Norzahir Sapawe

160

PEC07 SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES FROM SKEWER OF

COCONUT LEAVES FOR REMOVAL METHYLENE BLUE Yusak Asri Mohd Esa and Norzahir Sapawe

161

PEC08 SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES FROM BANANA PEEL ASH

FOR REMOVAL OF PHENOL AND METHYL ORANGE IN AQUEOUS

SOLUTION Diyana Faziha Mohamad and Norzahir Sapawe

162

PEC09 SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLE FROM BAMBOO LEAVES

ASH FOR REMOVAL OF METHYL ORANGE AND PHENOL Mohd Khairul Hanif Mohd Nazri and Norzahir Sapawe

163

THEME: SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY

PSS01 SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF

TRIAZOLE-CONTAINING METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFS) Thahira Begum S.A Ravoof, Nurul Nabihah Mohamad Ishak and Mohamed Ibrahim

Mohamed Tahir

164

15


PSS02 ENZYME CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION OF SUGAR BY

THERMOSTABLE T1 LIPASE FROM Geobacillus Zalihae IN IONIC

LIQUID Emilia Abdulmalek, Hanim Salami Mohd Saupi, Syarilaida Zulkefli and Mohd Basyaruddin

Abdul Rahman

165

PSS03 IONOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF Zn-BASED METAL ORGANIC

FRAMEWORKS IN PYRIDINIUM IONIC LIQUID Haslina Ahmad, Nur Aininie Yusoh, Khairulazhar Jumbri and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul

Rahman

166

PSS04 SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF

RHENIUM(I) COMPLEX WITH CINNAMOYL-PYRIDYLPYRAZOLE

LIGAND Wun Fui Mark-Lee, Yan Yi Chong, Azizul Hakim Lahuri and Mohammad B. Kassim

167

THEME: BIOANALYSIS

PBA01 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Cucurbita Moschata Norfarizan Hanoon Noor Azmi and Nor Aniza Mohmad Aspar

168

PBA02 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF

FUNCTIONAL GUMMY IN MALAYSIA CURRENT MARKET Muhammad Afiq Fikri Md Jamil, Shahiman Manja Saharil, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim

and Mohd Muzamir Mahat

169

THEME: SEPARATION CHEMISTRY

PSN01 EFFECTS OF ANOMERIC NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS ON THE

STABILITY OF OIL-IN-WATER (O/W) EMULSIONS Akmal A.M. Raffi and Hairul A.A. Hamid

170

PSN02 ANALYSIS OF INK ON PAPER USING OPTIMIZED METHOD ATR-FTIR Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim, Putri Nabihah Abdul Khofar, Sarah Nadhirah Hasrin

Rathi, Mohd Muzamir Mahat and Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim

171

PSN03 THE ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER FIRECRACKER USING FTIR

SPECTROSCOPY Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim, Muhd

Fauzi Safian and Zaidah Zainal Arifin

172

PSN04 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC METHOD FOR

QUANTIFICATION OF DOCETAXEL IN PALM-BASED

NANOEMULSION AEROSOLS Azren Aida Asmawi, Norazlinaliza Salim, Mas Jaffri Masarudin, Emilia Abdulmalek and

Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman

173

PSN05 SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF KETOPROFEN ENATIOMERS

WITH BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN Asma Omar Obaid, Siti Munirah Saharin, Arniza Khairani Mohd Jamil and Sharifah

Mohamad

174

PSN06 ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GUNSHOT RESIDUE

(GSR) ON DIFFERENT AMMUNITIONS USING ATTENUATED TOTAL

REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

(ATR-FTIR) Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin, Mohd Izzharif Abdul Halim and Zainiharyati Mohd Zain

175

16


PSN07 SEPARATION OF A DIASTEREOMERIC PENTACYCLIC OXINDOLE

ALKALOIDS OF UNCARIA LONGIFLORA VAR. PTEROPODA

BY USING RECYCLING HPLC Nurul Aina Suzlin Sulaiman, Yusri Mohd Yunus and Fatimah Salim

176

PSN08 UHPLC PROFILING OF THE LEAF, TWIG AND FLOWER EXTRACTS

OF ERYTHRINA FUSCA LOUR. AND THEIR CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES Adiez Sapura Azmi, Norina Abdul Rahim, Zuriati Zahari and Fatimah Salim

177

PSN09 CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILING OF THE CRUDE EXTRACTS AND

THE ISOLATION OF LOLIOLIDE FROM ELEUSINE INDICA (L.

GAERTN) Nur Syahirah Mad Sukor and Fatimah Salim

178

PSN10 X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF TALC POWDER Krit Won-in, Siriwat Soontaranon and Pisutti Dararutana

179

ORAL PRESENTATION SCHEDULE 180 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 181 ADVERTISEMENTS 183 SPONSORSHIPS 189 APPENDICES 193 NOTES 197

17


INTRODUCTION

SKAM-32/2019 : Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability

The 32nd Symposium of Malaysia Analytical Sciences (Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia - SKAM

32), also known as International Conference of Analytical Science 2019 is jointly organized by Universiti

Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET,

Melaka) and Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS). Participants from universities,

industries, governmental and non-governmental organizations and venture capital providers will present

their views on recent research and application in related area of research in analytical science and

chemistry. In this international conference, we also aim to provide a platform for researchers to share and

discuss research findings and build a research network. The conference consists of local and international

expert keynote speakers, invited lectures, researchers, and postgraduate students. Since its inauguration

in 1987, SKAM has provided tremendous findings and contributions for the scientific community in

various analytical-related field.

Objectives

The SKAM 32 will help to rationalize ANALIS mission through the following objectives:

To improve the advancement and to promote knowledge transfer in analytical sciences,

To give critical views and advice at liberty in matter related to analytical science and

To promote collaboration of members within the society and outside bodies which shares the

same purpose.

Conference Streams The symposium comprises of invited keynote speaker, parallel and poster sessions. The topics to be

covered are:

Bioanalysis Analytical Biotechnology, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Food

Trace Analysis, Chemical and Biosensors Analysis, Nutraceutical

Chemistry, Cosmeceutical Chemistry, Computational Chemistry.

Advanced Materials Nanotechnology Analysis, Catalysis, Oleochemistry, Polymers, Material

Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry, Soft Materials.

Separation

Chemistry

Extraction Techniques, Chromatographic Techniques, Separation

Techniques, Spectroscopic Techniques, Radiochemistry, Nuclear Sciences,

Forensic Chemistry, Membrane Science.

Synthesis Chemistry Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Synthesis, Natural Product Analysis, Aqua

Chemistry.

Environmental

Chemistry

Trace Elemental Analysis, Green Chemistry and Technology, Clean

Technology, Environmental Analysis.

18


History of SKAM-ANALIS

The Symposium Analytical Chemistry series was started in 1987 at UKM Bangi when efforts led by

analytical scientists from several local universities received rave reviews from scientists around the

country. The original idea of organizing seminar based on analytical chemistry was inspired by Professor

Dr Sukiman Sarmani (now Datuk, Emeritus Professor) in 1986, who was then Dean of the Faculty of

Physics and Applied Sciences (FSFG) of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The First Malaysian

Analytical Chemistry Symposium, known as Simposium Kimia Analisis Kebangsaan (SKAK 1) was held

on September 2-4, 1987 on the campus of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi. The theme of the

symposium was “Kimia Analisis Dalam Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan Negara”.

Based on the success and good feedback from the first symposium, next the Universiti Sains Malaysia

took the lead to organize the Second Malaysian Analytical Chemistry Symposium (SKAK 2) on 6-8

September 1988 with the theme of “Arah Kimia Analisis Semasa”. After gaining its momentum, the

symposium continues to be an annual event, and for the first six years, it is known as the Simposium

Kimia Analisis Kebangsaan (SKAK) and is being rotated between institutions of higher learning in

Peninsular Malaysia such as Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (now Universiti Putra Malaysia or

UPM), Universiti Malaya (UM), and Institut Teknologi MARA (now UiTM), and Bahasa Malaysia

became the language of the symposium.

Several issues have been raised in several discussion sessions, including the publication of journals

related to analytical sciences and the publisher. It was proposed that the association be formed to manage

the journal publishing (as publisher) and organizing symposium. This is where the initiative to publish

journals and establish associations began. The proposal presented at SKAK 2 at the USM campus, was

once again being presented at the UM campus during the organization of SKAK 5 in a special meeting

on the establishment of the association and the appointment of a 'protemp' committee chaired by Professor

Dr Sukiman Sarmani (now Datuk, Emeritus Professor). This committee has been mandated to register

the Persatuan Sains Analisis Malaysia (ANALIS). Finally, thanks to the efforts and perseverance of the

ANALIS 'protemp' committee, in 1993, the registration of the Persatuan Sains Analisis Malaysia

(ANALIS) was approved by the Jabatan Pertubuhan Malaysia (ROS) and the start of a new era for analyst

in the country. Professor Sukiman Sarmani (who is now Datuk, Emeritus Professor) had been elected the

first President of ANALIS.

In the following year (1994), the 7th Simposium Kimia Analisis Kebangsaan was continued by the

ANALIS under the new rebranding name, Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia (SKAM) with jointly

organized by UKM and held at a leading hotel in Kuala Lumpur. Since 1994, all the work presented at

the symposium has been published in the journal owned by ANALIS called the “Malaysian Journal of

Analytical Sciences (MJAS)”. The first volume of MJAS was published in 1995 and was launched by the

Vice-Chancellor of UPM at SKAM 8, UPM.

The SKAM Symposium Series continues as an annual ANALIS event, and is being held on a rotational

basis until this year, the 32nd year of the SKAM launch in Malaysia. For the first time, SKAM32 is being

organized by Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) as the first Government-Linked University (GLU)

hosting, with active participations from research academic fellows, postgraduate students, involvement

of research institute researchers, and also even receiving participations from abroad.

This year 2019, inaugural SKAM32 event will join together with the launch of the Silver Jubilee

Celebration of ANALIS (25 years) by the Minister of Entrepreneur Development Malaysia, Datuk Seri

Mohd Redzuan Md Yusof at Thsitle Port Dickson Resort, Negeri Sembilan. Now, SKAM-ANALIS is

stepping up in providing a forum for training the young talent postgraduate students and scientists in

presenting their scientific research findings as well as honing their skills and self-confidence.

19


Previous Host University of SKAM from Year 1987 – present

Year Host University

1987 SKAK 1 UKM

1988 SKAK 2 USM

1989 SKAK 3 UTM

1990 SKAK 4 UPM

1991 SKAK 5 UM

1992 SKAK 6 UiTM

1994 SKAM 7 ANALIS and UKM

1995 SKAM 8 UPM

1996 SKAM 9 USM

1997 SKAM10 UKM

1998 SKAM 11 UTM

1999 SKAM 12 UMT

2000 SKAM 13 UPM

2001 SKAM 14 Agensi Nuklear Malaysia

2002 SKAM 15 USM

2003 SKAM 16 UNIMAS

2004 SKAM 17 UiTM

2005 SKAM 18 UTM

2006 SKAM 19 UPM

2007 SKAM 20 ANALIS and IKM

2008 SKAM 21 UMS

2009 SKAM 22 Co-Host with ASIANALYSIS X

2010 SKAM 23 UMT

2011 SKAM 24 UiTM

2012 SKAM 25 UKM

2013 SKAM 26 UNIMAS

2014 SKAM 27 UTM

2015 SKAM 28 UPM

2016 SKAM 29 USM

2017 SKAM 30 ANALSIS

2018 SKAM 31 IIUM

2019 SKAM 32 UniKL

20


Former Presidents and Current President of ANALIS from Year 1993 – present

EMERITUS PROFESSOR DATUK DR SUKIMAN SARMANI

THE 1st PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 1993 – 1997

EMERITUS PROFESSOR DATO’ DR WAN MD ZIN WAN YUNUS

THE 2nd PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 1997 – 2001

PROFESSOR DR MHD RADZI ABAS

THE 3rd PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 2001 – 2005

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR ZAINI HAMZAH

THE 4th PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 2005 – 2016

PROFESSOR DR NORHAYATI MOHD TAHIR

THE 5th PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 2016 – 2018

PROFESSOR DR MOHD BASYARUDDIN ABDUL RAHMAN

THE 6th PRESIDENT OF ANALIS, 2018 – present

21


FOREWORD

It is my pleasure to welcome all participants to the 32nd International

Conference of Analytical Sciences (SKAM32) 2019, which is held in

Thistle Port Dickson Resort, Negeri Sembilan. Universiti Kuala Lumpur

is proud to be given the honour to host this conference in collaboration

with Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS) as we are resolute

in contributing and making an impact to the research development of

Analytical Sciences and Chemistry through Industrial Revolution 4.0

(IR4.0) in Malaysia. This is the first time for Universiti Kuala Lumpur, as

a Government-Linked University (GLU), to host this prestigious

conference, after over 32 years since the establishment of SKAM-ANALIS.

Organizing a conference is not a simple task. The conference is indeed convened at an opportune time as

it fits in aptly with the focus given by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia, which is to further enhance

the collaboration among universities around the nations, resulting in collaborations with the aim of

unlocking the inherent potentials in universitities, and being beneficial for all.

Globalization tranlates into universities having to move towards stronger commitments beyond the

boundary of an ivory tower. With conference participants coming from both academic and industry

background, both sides are expected to complement each other and be exposed to new innovations,

management practices and technology from across the world. I believe that SKAM32 will not only benefit

the academics but also bring advantages to the industries, hopefully resulting in potential collaborations

in various areas related to sciences, engineering and technology.

Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to all authors, session chairs, reviewers, speakers,

and participants for your contribution to SKAM32. I hope you will enjoy the conference and that this

conference will be highly successful and fruitful to all.

Professor Dato’ Dr Mazliham Mohd Su'ud

President / CEO


22


FOREWORD

As-Salaam and Greetings from the Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society!

On behalf of the Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS), it is an

honour and a great pleasure to welcome all analytical scientists to the 32nd

International Conference of Analytical Sciences 2019 (SKAM32). This year,

ANALIS would like to welcome the Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus

Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL

MICET, MELAKA) into the fraternity of SKAM co-organisers.

Since the SKAM inauguration in 1987, ANALIS has been recognised as a leading scientific society to

foster the interest and provide platform in bringing rapid development in the field of analytical sciences

in Malaysia through annual SKAM conference series. ANALIS with more than 700 members also would

like to take the opportunity to launch its Silver Jubilee Celebration (25 years) and to galvanise its effort

to support sustainability through fundamental and analytical approaches. This can be reflected through

the theme this year: “Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability” which aligned

with the development of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Sustainable Development Goals in Malaysia and

worldwide.

The double events will bring together academic pioneers and experts, industrial professionals, and

graduate researchers to interact and share their latest research findings in analytical sciences, environment

and related technologies. Special thanks to the SKAM32 organiser for providing ample opportunities for

the delegates to exchange ideas and application experiences face to face and develop networking among

them throughout this conference.

Finally, I must thank all keynote speakers, invited speakers, presenters, participants, sponsors, and the

organizing committee member, who have contributed, directly or indirectly, to the success of this

SKAM32. Wishing you all a fruitful conference and a very enjoyable stay in Port Dickson.

Best Wishes

Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, FRSC, FASc

President

Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)

23


FOREWORD

“Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability”. This is

the theme of the year for the International Conference of Analytical Sciences

2019. We are aspired to truly show our commitment and passion towards the

obtainment of the theme chosen for year 2019 through the 32nd Symposium

of Malaysia Analytical Sciences (SKAM32).

This year, SKAM32 is hosted by Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus

Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL

MICET) in collaboration with Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society

(ANALIS). This platform allows presenters and participants to share

knowledge related to Analytical Sciences and Chemistry.

This conference aims to provide a platform for young researchers to exchange expertise and information

in various related areas. It is my hope that this gathering of academics, researchers, industrialists and

officials will enable them to explore new developments and innovation together in the effort to push for

an Analytical Science and Chemistry economy.

I would like to take this opportunity to extend my warmest welcome and appreciation to all participants

who are here to enrich the diversity of perspective and content. My appreciation also goes to the

organizing committee for their endless commitment, diligence and support that have made this conference

possible.

Associate Professor Dr Ruzainah Ali @ Jaafar

Dean / Head of Campus


Technology (UniKL MICET) Melaka

24


FOREWORD

On behalf of the organizing committee, it is my pleasure to warmly welcome

all participants, delegates, all keynote and invited speakers to the 32nd

International Conference of Analytical Sciences (SKAM32) 2019.

This year, SKAM32 is held in Thistle Port Dickson Resort Negeri Sembilan,

is jointly organized by Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian

Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET)

Melaka and Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS).

This is the first time Universiti Kuala Lumpur as Government-Linked

University (GLU) in Malaysia, hosting this prestigious conference since 1987, the year

when SKAM (formerly known as SKAK) was first launched in Malaysia. What makes it more meaningful

is: this year also, witnesses ANALIS celebrating its 25th Years of establishment, namely Sambutan Jubli

Perak. Congratulation to ANALIS for the great contributions and achievements towards analytical

sciences field in Malaysia. Keep accelerate to empowered analytical sciences toward research

development and sustainability!

This year, our conference theme, “Empowering Analytical Sciences Through IR4.0 for Sustainability”,

incorporates new findings across interdisciplinary research between science, chemistry and engineering,

specifically to analytical sciences, to provide the latest information and knowledge for future

advancement and sustainable growth in the research toward the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) that

also reflected to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDS) in Malaysia and worldwide.

Furthermore, this conference will provide a good platform for researchers and scientists to present and

share their knowledge, disseminate ideas and create a platform for collaborative research in the related

fields. I would like to congratulate all participants for being a part of this conference. I am sure that you

will find this conference both fulfilling in embracing new knowledge and enjoyable with huge

opportunities for future research collaboration.

Thank you very much to all who have contributed directly or indirectly to the success of this conference.

Appreciation also goes to all sponsors for the generous contributions. Last but not least, to the organizing

committee: thank you for your perseverance, hard work and endless supports to ensure that this event

possible and a success.

Thank you.

Associate Professor Dr Norzahir Sapawe

Conference Chairperson, SKAM-32/2019


Technology (UniKL MICET) Melaka

25


PROGRAM ITINERARY

14 AUGUST 2019 (WEDNESDAY)

Time Activity

3.00 – 6.30 pm Early Registration

15 AUGUST 2019 (THURSDAY)

Time Activity

8.00 – 8.30 am Registration

Arrival of Participants, Invited Speakers, Keynote Speakers, and Special Guests

8.30 – 8.45 am Arrival of Associate Professor Dr Ruzainah Ali @ Jaafar

Dean / Head of Campus UniKL MICET | Conference Advisor of SKAM32

Arrival of Professor Dr Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman

President of Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)

8.45 – 9.00 am Welcoming Remark by Associate Professor Dr Ruzainah Ali @ Jaafar

Dean / Head of Campus UniKL MICET | Conference Advisor of SKAM32

Opening Remark by Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman


9.00 – 9.45 am KEYNOTE 1



Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr Sukiman Sarmani


9.45 – 10.00 am Tea Break

10.00 – 1.00 pm Parallel Session (Room I, II, III, IV, V, VI) | Poster Session | Exhibition

1.00 – 2.00 pm Lunch Break | Poster Session | Exhibition

2.00 – 5.00 pm Parallel Session (Room I, II, III, IV, V, VI) | Poster Session | Exhibition

3.30 – 5.00 pm Poster Evaluation Session | Exhibition

5.00 – 5.15 pm Tea Break & Adjourn

5.15 – 6.15 pm ANALIS Annual General Meeting (AGM) 2019

OPENING CEREMONY @ CONFERENCE GALA NIGHT DINNER

7.30 – 10.00 pm Opening Ceremony | Conference Dinner | Award Presentation

26


16 AUGUST 2019 (FRIDAY)

Time Activity

8.30 – 10.30 am Parallel Session (Room I, II, III, IV, V, VI) | Poster Session | Exhibition

10.30 – 10.45 am Tea Break

10.45 – 11.30 am KEYNOTE 2

TEMPERATURE-CYCLE INDUCED DERACEMIZATION FOR

OBTAINING OPTICALLY PURE PRODUCTS

Professor Dr Adrian Evan Flood

Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Thailand

11.30 – 12.00 pm Closing Ceremony by Associate Professor Dr Norzahir Sapawe

Conference Chairman of SKAM32

12.00 – 2.00 pm Lunch Break & Adjourn

End of Conference

OPENING CEREMONY @ CONFERENCE GALA NIGHT DINNER

15 AUGUST 2019 (THURSDAY)

Time Activity

7.30 pm Arrival of Participants, Speakers, Special Guests and Sponsors

7.45 pm Arrival of Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman


Arrival of Professor Dato’ Dr Mazliham Mohd Su’ud

President / CEO of Universiti Kuala Lumpur

Arrival of Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr Sukiman Sarmani

Chairman of Universiti Kuala Lumpur

Founder / 1st President of Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)

8.00 pm Arrival of YB Datuk Seri Mohd Redzuan Md Yusof

Minister of Entrepreneur Development Malaysia

8.05 pm Negaraku, Nahkoda Kemajuan, Amanah Rakyat Song

Doa’ Recitation

27


8.15 pm Welcoming Remark by Professor Dato’ Dr Mazliham Mohd Su’ud

President / CEO of Universiti Kuala Lumpur

Welcoming Remark by Professor Dr Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman


8.30 pm Officiating SKAM 32 and Launching ANALIS Silver Jubilee Celebration (25

Years) by YB Datuk Seri Mohd Redzuan Md Yusof

Minister of Entrepreneur Development Malaysia

8.40 pm Dinner

9.30 pm Best Poster Award | ANALIS Award

Token of Appreciation

Photo Session

10.00 pm End of Event

*Gala Night Dinner Theme: Silver

28


KEYNOTE SPEAKER 1



Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr Sukiman Sarmani


*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

The advent of Fourth Industrial Revolution means that Malaysia’s talent must be made adaptable

for changes, encompasses a high degree of facility for life-long learning, good interpersonal and

collaborative skills, and is trained in multi-sectoral thinking in which could possibly increase the

dynamic capabilities of the nation’s workforce endeavour. It is a holistic endeavour that targets

all levels of the population, from children in pre-school all the way to secondary and tertiary

education, as well as ensures that the current labour force is ready for the inevitable

transformation of the job and socio-economic landscape.

Schools play an important role in supplying the potential human capital. At the school levels,

there are about 5 million students enrolled each year in both primary and secondary schools

across Malaysia. About 100,000 enrol in Science Streams at upper secondary level. Data from

MOE and MOHE demonstrate that only about 80,000 enrolled in Science Technology

Engineering and Mathematics or STEM-related tertiary courses. The low enrolment is due to

lack of awareness of opportunities in STEM careers, parents not favouring science education,

STEM subjects are too difficult, learning science is boring and too theoretical, and lack of

encouragement to take up STEM subjects in school. As the nation moves towards joining the

next industrial revolution bandwagon, we may face a possible shortage of technological

competent talents.

Some suggestions that may increase the number of students taking STEM subjects are:

a. Development of STEM Education Ecosystem

b. Establishment of the National STEM Learning Centre

c. Improvement of the teacher’s skills and competencies

d. Laboratory exercises made the learning more interesting

e. Curriculum review

f. STEM career paths review

Under the Malaysia Education Blueprint, a new strategy to enhance student’s experience in the

industry through degree apprenticeship has been developed whereby the students will spend time

in the industry to enable them to have real world experience with the theoretical knowledge they

have obtained in the university.

29


KEYNOTE SPEAKER 2

TEMPERATURE-CYCLE INDUCED DERACEMIZATION FOR OBTAINING

OPTICALLY PURE PRODUCTS

Adrian E. Flood*, Kritsada Intaraboonrod and Tharit Lerdwiriyanupap

Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Engineering,

Rayong, 21210 Thailand


Abstract

The majority of pharmaceutical relevant molecules are chiral species, where one of the pair of

enantiomers has a higher beneficial biological activity than the other. In the best possible case,

the use of both enantiomers leads to a higher drug loading than necessary, causing higher stress

on internal organs. In worse cases the counter enantiomer may be toxic, mutagenic or

teratogenic, and this was the problem with the drug thalidomide which caused large numbers of

birth defects, due to the presence of the counter enantiomer of the desired drug. This has made

chiral separation an essential part of pharmaceutical development.

Resolution of a racemic mixture of a chiral species is the process of separation of the two

enantiomers. Deracemization is the related process of converting a racemic mixture of two

enantiomers into a pure enantiomer – where the 50% of the mixture that is the unwanted

enantiomer has been completely converted into the preferred enantiomer; this obviously

increases the overall yield of the process. The techniques are significant in various chemical

industries that deal with chiral species, but most important in the pharmaceutical industry.

The process of deracemization of a suspension of crystals was first demonstrated in 2005 by

Viedma1 on a mixture of D- and L-NaClO3. Viedma’s process was modified to deracemize

inherently chiral molecules by the group of Vlieg2 in 2008. In 2013, Suwannasang et al.

demonstrated that the process could be more easily performed using temperature cycles3 rather

than grinding; this allows for a simpler and faster process, while minimizing problems in

downstream processing. Initially the process was used on an intermediate in herbicide

manufacture, Cl-TAK, however, since this time the process has been demonstrated on a number

of compounds that are significant to the pharmaceutical industry. Various additional

modifications have been made, including the use of other energy sources such as ultrasound and

microwaves, and also separation of epimers via the method, after which a pure enantiomer of

the desired species can be recovered by hydrolysis.

The current talk will describe the development of the temperature cycle deracemization process,

and some newly developed processes using similar methodology.

30


INVITED SPEAKER 1

EMBRACING ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENZYME IMMOBILISATION

AND DRUG NANODELIVERY

Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1,2*, Muhammad Alif Mohamad Latif1,3 and Emilia Abdulmalek1,2

1Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Application of advanced materials as novel supporting matrix for molecules and biomolecules

immobilisation has engendered incredible interest in the chemical and biotechnology

communities. In particular, the robust nanostructured forms, such as nanoparticles, nanofibers,

nanotubes, nanoporous, and nanosheets, possess a high surface area to volume ratios that can

cause a high enzyme loading and facilitate reaction kinetics, thus improving biocatalytic

efficiency for industrial applications. It can also be used in targeted nanodelivery of therapeutics

and diagnostics to diseased tissues. Several natural (kaolin, mica, feldspar) and synthetic

materials (layered double hydroxide, metal organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate

frameworks) modified and characterised for both enzyme and drug application are highlighted.

The selection of appropriate support materials with tailored properties are critical for anticipated

application and future investigations should endeavour at adopting logistic and sensible

entrapment techniques. These could provide new perspectives to the industrial sector.

Keywords: advanced materials, drug nanodelivery, enzymes, immobilization, inorganic

supports

31


INVITED SPEAKER 2

USE OF BIOMARKERS TO ELUCIDATE SOURCES OF PAH IN THE

ENVIRONMENT

Pang Swee Yun1, Muhammad Fais Fadzil1, Mursyid Sanip1 and Norhayati Mohd Tahir2*

1Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), 2School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia


Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of compounds with two or more fused

aromatic rings. Their presence in the environment is ubiquitous and their concentrations in the

environment are generally higher near urban and industrialized centers. PAHs have received

worldwide attention over the past few decades because some of these compounds exhibit

carcinogenic and mutagenic properties; US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has

promulgated 16 unsubstituted PAHs as priority pollutants. Input of PAHs in the environment is

primarily associated with incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic material such as

petroleum and its refined products, coal and to lesser extent wood. PAHs are also present in

sedimentary rocks and petroleum thus oil exploration and production related activities, oil

seepage and oil spills are also possible contributors of PAHs to the environment. Nevertheless,

some PAHs can be formed from natural processes such as through diagenetic alteration of its

biogenic precursors and also biological synthesis by plants and bacteria. Biomarkers are organic

compounds that can be used as tracers for geological and environmental processes. Polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbons, being one of the most stable marker series, have been extensively used

for characterization of its sources of input into the environment viz. biogenic, combustion and

petrogenic sources. This presentation will review applications of the biomarker approaches in

the effort to evaluate sources of PAHs in Malaysian environment.

Keywords: biomarker PAHs, pyrogenic, oil spills, environmental tracers, organic compounds

32


INVITED SPEAKER 3

SHINE THE SCAFFOLDS LIKE A DIAMOND:

A CHALLENGE TOWARDS IR 4.0

Zainab Ngaini

Faculty of Resource Science and Technology,

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia


Abstract

The unique structural complexity and diversity of natural product offers an important scaffold

for the development of a wide range of pharmaceutical and industrial applications. New drug is

commonly resources from naturally derived compounds in medicinal plants. Nevertheless, not

all structures in natural products participated in the binding interaction, thus reduce ligand

efficiency and pharmaceutical properties. In drug discovery process, the derivatization of the

scaffolds is highly relevant as such molecular changes able to provide new insights into the

bioactivities and structure-activity relationships against the specific targets. Removing the

unnecessary moieties, chirality and stereochemistry make the derivatives of organic scaffolds

become convenience and economical to synthesize. Synthesis and individualized structure

manipulation of natural product-based molecules able to raise the probability of additional

interactions and strong binding to the active sites. The current trend of fundamental research in

organic chemistry is now moving towards industrial needs. Small organic scaffolds have become

important materials and employed for several other usages namely as precursor in

optoelectronic, super conductor, photo sensors, chemo sensor etc. In view of IR 4.0, this talk

will cover our research endeavours on the synthetic development of organic compounds derived

from natural product-based scaffolds towards liquid crystals studies, optical storage devices,

drug designed via molecular docking and binding interaction of ligand-receptor complexes. The

synthesis and individualized structure manipulation of selected natural product-derived

molecules namely aspirin, kojic acid and coumarin as scaffolds with other active pharmacophore

such as thiourea, azo dye etc. will be presented.

Keywords: scaffold, natural product-based molecules, organic chemistry, drug discovery

33


INVITED SPEAKER 4

ANALYSIS OF BIOMOLECULES VIA PROTEOMIC AND GLYCOMIC

APPROACHES

Mukram Mohamed Mackeen1,2

1Chemistry Programme, Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science

& Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor 2Instutite of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor


Abstract

Bioanalysis encompasses the analysis of both small and large molecules that includes

metabolites and biomolecules. The latter comprises the four well-known and major classes of

biological molecules namely carbohydrates (glycans), proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. This

talk will be an overview of the advanced analysis of medium-sized carbohydrates

(oligosaccharides) and proteins. Oligosaccharides are notoriously difficult to analyse because of

complex isomerism arising from their naturally occurring stero- and regiochemistry. The

analytical challenge posed by proteins results from their large size in the kilo to mega Dalton

range. Both oligosaccharides and proteins may contain modifications of which several are

isobaric to further complicate their analysis. Additionally, the analysis of biomolecules using

proteomics and glycomics can be performed at different levels namely the whole proteome and

glycome, subsets of it or isolated proteins and glycans. Proteomics- and glycomics-based

bioanalysis using several examples involving inhibitor analysis and protein modification will be

discussed.

Keywords: bioanalysis, oligosaccharides

34


INVITED SPEAKER 5

SPOROPOLLENIN-BASED COMPOSITES AS ENVIRONMENTALLY

BENIGN ALTERNATIVE SORBENT FOR DETERMINATION OF

SELECTED DRUGS FROM WATER SAMPLES

Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim1, 2*, Siti Munirah Abd Wahib1, Mohd Marsin Sanagi1

and Muhammad Afzal Kamboh3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial

Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 3Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan

*Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

Emerging pollutants (EPs) are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that are not commonly

monitored in the environment but which have the potential to enter the environment and cause

known or suspected adverse ecological and (or) human health effects. Nowadays, more than

700 EPs, their metabolites and transformation products, are listed as present in the

European aquatic environment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and tricyclic

antidepressants (TCAs) are among the growing use pharmaceutical products under EPs that can

be found in environments. Their occurrence might be due to improper disposal of unused or

expired drugs, during their manufacture as well as from human or animal excretions. Even

though there is no legal discharge limits for the micro pollutants, the elevating load in aquatic

compartments has turned into alarming issue. For monitoring purpose, sample preparation prior

to instrumentation analysis is no doubt essential. Evolution of solid phase extraction (SPE) by

directly introducing small amount of sorbent in aqueous sample holds great promise as an easy,

rapid and greener method. On the other hand, the use of natural polymer as sorbent material is

in line with green chemistry. Herein, sporopollenin, an inexpensive abundant bio-based polymer

from Lycopodium Clavatum spores species was proposed as bio-sorbent of dispersive micro-

SPE (D-μ-SPE). To enhance the sorption affinity, the biopolymer was blended with desired

compounds and applied to the determination of targeted NSAIDs and TCAs in water samples.

Results indicated that the developed D-μ-SPE employing the sporopollenin-based composites

provided low LODs (3s) at ppb levels (< 0.50 µg L-1), good correlation (R2 ≥ 0.9951) and

accuracy (> 86%). Findings showed that this approach is a promising environmentally benign

method and is a potentially good alternative for determination of emerging pollutants in water

samples.

Keywords: dispersive micro-solid phase extraction, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,

antidepressants, Lycopodium Clavatum, sporopollenin, composites

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/aquatic-environment

35


INVITED SPEAKER 6

ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM: A PROMISING AND SIMPLE TOOL FOR

SYNTHESIZING METAL CATALYST WITH TAILORED SIZE,

MORPHOLOGY, AND CRYSTAL PHASES

Norzahir Sapawe*


Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,

Malaysia


Abstract

Electrolysis is an alternative procedure for the synthesizing of new metal catalyst. This

procedure can easily control the use of reagent and current density which allows us establishing

new morphology and structural rearrangement, tuning and tailoring size of metal nanoparticle,

and also the adjustment of crystal phases of the nature of metal catalyst. The successful

application of an electrochemical synthesis requires a detailed understanding of the phenomena,

leading to an appropriate choice of parameters, such as the nature of the electrochemical cell,

the use of electrode plate, the mixture and formulation of media solution, and etcetera. Our study

reveals that the metal catalyst that is generated through this method shows an excellent activity

towards the photocatalytic reaction especially in the degradation of organic pollutants

contamination in wastewater. Therefore, the controllability and the efficiency of this

electrochemical system to generate excellent metal catalyst in a shorter time, simple, and less

chemical use; thus make this method is the right choice and more preferable.

Keywords: electrochemical method, metal catalyst, controllable, morphology, photocatalytic

36


INVITED SPEAKER 7

THE ACTUAL IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TO THE

ENVIRONMENT

Gaanty Pragas Maniam*

Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia


Abstract

Climate change has intensified the realization of renewable energy globally. The declaration of

2016, third year in a row, as the warmest year ever recorded, with 2017 and 2018 as the third-

and fourth-hottest year on record, the rising of CO2 concentration to around 410 ppm versus the

safe level of 350 ppm, increasing of seawater acidity as well as sea surface temperature are

among the worst scenarios of global warming. In the past few decades, the merits of renewable

energy have been well recognized and documented, in contrary, the world is still relying heavily

on fossil fuels where about four-fifths of primary energy is sourced from fossil fuels. The main

purpose for the establishment of renewables is to mitigate the destructive effects from the use of

fossil fuels and for some extent to establish energy sources that are sustainable in nature. Time

has come to evaluate the relation between renewables and environment, and to an extent their

sustainability. While renewables are broadly understood as matters renewed faster than they are

exhausted, but the impacts of the various inter-depending processes are often neglected. With

such abandonment the destructive impacts that are often not readily seen, and may smaller at

once but significant in overall, tradeoff the benefits from the renewables. This reminds us to be

more conscious when deal with these renewables and demands to use the right terms whether

the energy flow is really sustainable or merely of waste utilization, for instance. As a result, the

researchers and policy makers must assess well the institutional practices in renewables as not

to merely spell the environmental gains without dissecting the actual production process.

Keywords: renewable energy, environment, sustainability, climate change

37


INVITED SPEAKER 8

SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER SCREENING ACTIVITY OF

6-HYDROXY-4-METHYL COUMARIN DERIVATIVES AND

THEIR COMPLEXES

Nur Tasnim Sayutiy, Dalal M Ibrahim and Juliana Jumal

Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia,

71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan


Abstract

Ten compounds of 6-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin derivatives and their complexes have been

successfully synthesized; 6- hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin, C1, 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,7-(bis-p-

chlorophenylazo) coumarin, C2, 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,7-(bis-p-bromophenylazo) coumarin,

C3, 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,7-(bis-p-nitrophenylazo) coumarin, C4, copper complex of C2

ligand, C5, copper complex of C3 ligand, C6, copper complex of C4 ligand, C7, cobalt complex

of C2 ligand, C8, cobalt complex of C3 ligand, C9 and cobalt complex of C4 ligand, C10. The

syntheses of the compounds were accomplished via Pechmann condensation reaction by reacting

hydroquinone with ethyl acetoacetate, selected halo-anilines, metal ions of copper (II) and cobalt

(II). Microelemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Nuclear

Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) Spectroscopy were used to characterize the compounds. The

FTIR spectra of the compounds showed the presence of four important functional groups of ѵ(-

OH) at 3194-3425 cm-1, ѵ(C=O) at 1591-1738 cm-1, ѵ(C=C) at 1461-1599 cm-1 and ѵ(C-N) at

1086-1246 cm-1. Meanwhile, 1H NMR spectra of the compounds possesed the presence of proton

signal in the range of δH 7.23-8.27 ppm, δH 2.37-2.50 ppm and δH 7.39-7.73 ppm allocated to

proton aromatic, proton methyl and proton pyrone, respectively. The synthesized compounds

were then screened for anticancer activity by using MTT assay aginst MCF-7 cells, which was

measured using ELISA reader at the wavelength 570 nm. It has been found that compound C8

possessed the highest anticancer screening activity with low IC50 value. The presence of chloro-

substituent group and complexation with cobalt (II) play important roles in the anticancer

screening activity.

Keywords: 6-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin derivatives, complexes, anticancer, MTT assay

38


INVITED SPEAKER 9

MAKING SENSE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR IN BIOANALYSIS

Zainiharyati Mohd Zain*

Electrochemical Material and Sensor Research Group

Faculty of Applied Sensor, Universiti Teknology MARA, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Biosensor is an analytical device that consists of three main parts; (i) the biomarker (target

molecule), (ii) a bioreceptor (recognition element) and (iii) a compatible transducer that is able

to capture and produce a readable output. Biosensor has been widely used in bioanalysis because

of its simplicity and offers faster analysis time. Electroanalytical techniques are widely coupled

with biosensors due to low level of detection and inexpensive laboratory equipment. Moreover,

an analyst can quantify the target molecule in situ Here, concepts on enzymatic, antibody and

DNA affinity based biosensors are presented. The used of nanomaterials in signal enhancement

such as Glucose oxidase immobilization on the Zinc Oxide (ZnO) –Silicon substrate, prostate

specific antigens on Au nanogold and DNA aptamers on ZnO nanowires on Au electrode are

discussed. Their limit of detections are at micro level. Novel biocompatible material with

acceptable electrical conductivity is also needed to hold the biorecognition element on electrode

surface in order to enhance the shelf-life of the biosensor. Amperometry technique is used for a

time dependent observation of bioelectrochemical reactions of neurotransmitters like D-serine

and glutamate oxidase in rat brain. These brain implantable electrodes have to undergo surface

modifications with polyphenylenediamine for specificity detection of the neurotransmitters.

Differential pulse voltammetry and anodic square wave voltammetry are suitable for potential

dependent affinity bio reactions such as in DNA based biosensors Impedimetric measurement

advances the understanding of electrochemical behavior on electrode-electrolyte interface where

parameters such as charge transfer resistance (Rct) and solution resistance. (Rs) were easily

extracted from the modelled equivalent circuit. Impedimetric technique was used in the label

less antibody-antigen reactions namely amyloid beta (a biomarker for Alzheimer’s) and prostate

specific antigen (PSA) biosensors.

Keywords: biosensor, bioanalysis, bioelectrochemical, differential pulse voltammetry, anodic

square wave voltammetry

39


INVITED SPEAKER 10

EDIBLE NATURAL PRODUCTS: A PROMISING MATERIALS FOR

ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS

Sharifah Mohamad*

UM Green Analytical Chemistry Sphere (UMGACS), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


Abstract

In this study, we are discovering the potential of the edible natural products as useful resources

for analytical application in environmental studies. Some of the edible natural products that

available in our kitchen have a great potential to be used as inexpensive materials for analytical

application. In this presentation, we focus mainly on various approaches in the exploitation of

edible natural products as eco-friendly analytical solutions.

Keywords: edible natural products, analytical application, separation science

40


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ADVANCED MATERIALS

DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS POTENTIAL ELECTROLYTES FOR

REDOX FLOW BATTERY

Sharifah Nurain Syed Nasir1,2, Nadiah Sidek1, M.F.Z. Kadir3 and Ninie S. A. Manan1,4

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2Solar Energy Research Institute, National University of Malaysia, 43600 Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

4Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia


Abstract

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been proposed as non-aqueous electrolyte for potential

application in the redox flow battery (RFB) as it has large electrochemical window, less toxic,

easy to prepare, biodegradable and low cost. To study the potential of DES for this application,

several preliminary works have been conducted using common redox compounds. In this work

the redox behavior of vanadate ion in deep eutectic solvent (DES) was studied via cyclic

voltammetry (CV) method where glyceline DES and NH4VO3 were used as electrolyte and the

source of +5 vanadium ions respectively. The CV showed a quasi-reversible redox couple

pattern of +5 to +4 vanadium ions in glyceline DES. Analysis by UV-Vis revealed the presence

of +3 vanadium ions at max 545 nm. The glyceline DES does not only act as a solvent but also

as a reducing agent by chemically reducing +4 vanadium ions to the most stable oxidation state

of +3. Temperature dependence study of vanadate ion in glyceline DES showed that the peak

current increased with temperature which enhance the reaction kinetics. In addition, the

conductivity of NH4VO3 in glyceline DES improved remarkably with temperature, whereas its

viscosity declined. Moreover, the Rs and Rct values decreased with increasing temperature.

Keywords: ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, redox flow battery, electrochemical devices

41


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SURFACTANT-BOUND Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES AS CATALYST SUPPORT:

SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Hassanain Hafiz Mohd Asnan1, Siti Kamilah Che Soh1*, Wan Fatihah Khairunisa Wan Nor1,

Sabiqah Tuan Anuar1, Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini2, Uwaisulqarni M. Osman3,

Mohd Hasmizam Razali3 and Mustaffa Shamsuddin4

1School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Institute of Marine and Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3School of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia


Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles are highly valuable solid support for the attachment of homogeneous

inorganic catalyst and organocatalyst. In this study, surfactant-bound Fe3O4 nanoparticles were

successfully synthesised via a co-precipitation method between FeCl3.6H2O and FeCl2.4H2O, in

which sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was applied as a stabilising agent. The use of surfactant

was also to avoid the agglomeration process during the catalytic activity. Different techniques

were employed to characterise the synthesised magnetic nanoparticles, such as Fourier

Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray

Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy/Electron Dispersive X-ray

(FESEM/EDX), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer– Emmett–Teller (BET)

Surface Area Analysis. The results recommended for surfactant-bound Fe3O4 nanoparticles to

potentially be used as solid support for catalytic applications due to their unique properties, for

example high surface area, superparamagnetism, and welldispersed material.

Keywords: magnetite nanoparticles, catalyst support, heterogeneous catalysis

mailto:[email protected]

42


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL FREE OXYGEN-

DOPED MESOPOROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE AS A

POTENTIAL PHOTOCATALYST UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT

IRRADIATION

Shittu Fatimah Bukola1, Anwar Iqbal1*, Farook Adam1, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim1

1School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia


Abstract

Metal free oxygen-doped mesoporous carbon nitride (O-MCN) has been successfully prepared

through a condensation-polymerization reaction between urea and glucose. Silica nano-disc

prepared from rice husk ash was used as the hard template to create the mesopores. The presence

of oxygen within the framework of the mesoporous carbon nitride, high surface area (99.6 m2 g-

1), wide pore size distribution and narrow band gap energy (2.65 eV) are expected to increase

the absorption of visible light, improve the separation of charge carriers and alter the position of

valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB). These features suggest that the O-MCN is highly

potential to be used as a photocatalyst under visible light irradiation.

Keywords: mesoporous carbon nitride, oxygen-doped mesoporous carbon nitride, rice husk, rice

husk ash, photocatalyst

43


ABSTRACT - ORAL

THE EFFECT OF ANALYTICAL ACCELERATED AGING ON

POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) CONTAINING GYNOSTEMMA

PENTAPHYLLUM EXTRACT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP

WITH UV RESISTANCE

Rahimi M. Yusop1, Raghda Alsayed2, Hadeel Adil2, Dina S. Ahmed3 and Emad Yousif1

1School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq

3Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour

University College, Baghdad 64021, Iraq


Abstract

In this study, natural extracts of plant origin were used as anti-aging compounds of biodegradable

polymers. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (0.01–0.03 wt%) extracts were added to the poly(vinyl

chloride) matrix. The obtained materials were subjected to an accelerated aging process 300h)

at room temperature under continuous UV radiation. The effectiveness of the tested extracts was

compared to PVC (blank). FTIR spectroscopy, weight loss, electronic microscope and scanning

electron microscopy were performed. The use of smaller amounts of tested extracts is

particularly advantageous, which do not adversely affect the properties of PVC-based materials

at low contents.

Keywords: PVC, gynostemma pentaphyllum, green tea, plant extract, anti-aging compounds,

biodegradable polymers

44


ABSTRACT - ORAL

PARAMETER INFLUENCES ON GELATION PROCESS OF SILICA

SOL-GEL AND SILICA SOL-GEL/KENAF

Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof1*, Zulhafiz Tajudin2, Ong Siew Kooi1 and Azanam Shah Hashim1

1Polymer Department, Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology,

Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Malacca 2Process Department, Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology,

Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Malacca


Abstract

The gelation process of silica sol-gel and silica sol-gel/kenaf were investigated rheologically.

The correlation between gelation time and process parameters (i.e. the catalyst ratio: 0.03, 0.05,

0.07, water ratio: 2, 4, 6 and temperature: 30, 40, 50oC) were elucidated. The gelation time was

determined from crossing over of storage moduli (G′) and loss moduli (G″). Effect of the process

parameters on gelling time was analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Analysis

of variance (ANOVA) depicted that all examined parameters have a profound effect on gelling

time for both silica sol-gel and silica sol-gel/kenaf systems. In silica sol-gel system, the

interaction between catalyst ratio and water ratio influenced the gelling time response.

Interestingly, in silica sol-gel/kenaf system, the interaction between catalyst ratio and

temperature contributed to gelling time response. In particular, gelation time for silica sol-

gel/kenaf system was faster compared to silica sol-gel system. The apparent activation energy

of silica sol-gel and silica sol-gel/kenaf system were 27.13 and 12.52 kJ/mol, respectively.

Keywords: kenaf, silica sol-gel, gelation time, activation energy

45


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ADSORPTION ISOTHERM AND KINETIC STUDIES OF

BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE-IMPRINTED POLYMER

VIA BULK POLYMERIZATION

Noor Fadilah Yusof1, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod2* and Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah3

1School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Advanced Nano Materials (ANoMa) Research Group, School of Fundamental Science,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),

11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.


Abstract

The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) was

successfully prepared by bulk polymerization method. The polymer was synthesized by a non-

covalent approach using 4-vinylpyridine, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and benzoyl peroxide

as functional monomer, cross-linker and initiator, respectively. The non-imprinted polymer

(NIP) was prepared as controlled samples, using the same protocol in the absence of DEHP

molecule. The characterizations of polymers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared

spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and surface area and porosity analysis. The

performance of synthesized polymers were evaluated through batch rebinding experiment.

Therefore, the kinetic spectrophotometric method was used to describe the determination of

DEHP molecule based on its adsorption effect onto the polymers. The effect of initial

concentration and time taken were investigated to reveal the possible mechanism through the

adsorption isotherm studies. The result revealed that the adsorption capacity of MIP was 34.42

mg/g with 80% of percentage removal and it shows MIP exhibited good selectivity toward

DEHP compared to NIP. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm was successfully described the

polymers followed Langmuir isotherm model and display the Pseudo-second-order as the best

kinetic model. As conclusion, the present study revealed that the MIP was a promising adsorbent

for selective recognition of DEHP molecule.

Keywords: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, molecularly imprinted polymers, adsorption isotherm,

adsorption kinetic

46


ABSTRACT - ORAL

DETERMINATION OF PERFECT OPERATION CONDITION FOR

GLYCEROL OXIDATION USING PdAu/VGCNF ELECTROCATALYST

FOR DIRECT GLYCEROL FUEL CELL

Norilhamiah Yahya1* and Nabila A. Karim2

1Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia


Abstract

In this study PdAu/VGCNF has been used as catalyst for glycerol oxidation. Prior to

electrochemical analysis, the physical characterization of PdAu/VGCNF was carried out by

XRD, TEM, FESEM and EDX. Efforts have been taken to enhance the current density by

improving the reaction conditions. Thus, the aim of this paper is to use experimental design to

screen, optimize experimental variables and studying the impact of each component on

electrochemical performance for electrooxidation of glycerol. A two-level full factorial design

was employed to screen the effect of catalyst loading, concentration of NaOH and reaction

temperature for glycerol electrooxidation by using PdAu/VGCNF as electrocatayst in order to

get the highest current density and lowest onset potential. Eight electrochemical testing

experiments were performed with different combination of factors. The finding was evaluated

by half normal, full normal plot and pareto chart analysis which revealed that an increase of

temperature and concentration of NaOH shows positive effect on current density as evidenced

by factorial analysis. Further analysis of variance inhibit that temperature and NaOH

concentration is the most significant component compare to catalyst loading. The using of

factorial design is able to determine the significant factors towards the response with quick and

efficient ways.

Keywords: palladium, aurum, VGCNF, electrooxidation, glycerol oxidation, direct glycerol fuel

cell

47


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA-SILVER CORE-SHELL

NANOPARTICLES AND ITS POTENTIAL IN CATALYTIC DEGRADATION

OF METHYL ORANGE DYE

Alyza A. Azmi1*, Nur Kamilah Mohd1 and W.M.A.W.M. Khalek1


21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia


Abstract

The aim of this study is to synthesis silica-silver core-shell nanoparticles and to assess its uses

as a potential catalyst in dye treatment process. The silica particles have been synthesized using

Stӧber method. The deposition of nanoscales silver layer on silica surface mainly involves the

electrostatic attraction between [Ag(NH3)2]+ ions and silanol groups. UV-Vis spectroscopy

evidenced the absorption of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of silver nanoparticles in the range

380-450 nm. The crystallinity of silica-silver core-shell nanoparticles showed the face centered

cubic (fcc) structure by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Spherical shapes of silica

particles with 200 nm in size have been determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

The High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM) images visualized the

successful formation of spherical silver nanoparticles on the silica surface with the average of

size 10-50 nm. The successful employments of silver element have been demonstrated by X-ray

Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The wide scan of XPS shows the peak of Si 2p, C 1s, O 1s,

and Ag 3d elements. Methyl orange dye, which is one of the azo dyes group has been chosen in

this study. The catalytic degradation of methyl orange occurred when the (-N=N-) groups are

broken down to less harmful byproducts. Batch experiments were conducted in order to evaluate

the efficiency of methyl orange degradation by three parameters namely concentration of dye,

volume of catalyst and time of reaction. The catalytic degradation results of dye have been

degraded at optimum conditions: concentration of methyl orange dye (5.4 × 10-5 M), volume of

catalyst (0.5 mL) and time of reaction (5 minutes). This study indicates that silica-silver core-

shell nanoparticles become a beneficial catalyst for dye removal process in the future.

Keywords: silica-silver core-shell, nanoparticles, catalytic degradation, methyl orange, dye

48


ABSTRACT - ORAL

KINETIC STUDIES OF BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM WASTE

COOKING OIL USING HYDROTALCITE CATALYST

Mohamed Afiq Mohamed Moffit* and Mohd Razealy Anuar



Malaysia


Abstract

Waste cooking oil was used to produce biodiesel via transesterification using hydrotalcite

catalyst as heterogeneous catalyst. Transesterification reaction were carried out. Different types

of fuel used i.e. saccharose, rice husk and rice straw were used as fuel to synthesize hydrotalcite

catalyst using combustion method. The data from the synthetization of hydrotalcite catalyst via

combustion method using saccharose as fuel was used as reference. The highest biodiesel yield

of 93.70 %, 84.15 % and 74.15 % were obtained from hydrotalcite catalyst synthesized using

fuel of coconut shell, rice husk and saccharose respectively. The reaction followed pseudo-first

order kinetics. For hydrotalcite catalyst using coconut shell as fuel, the activation energy (Ea) is

32.08 kJ/mol and frequency factor (A) is 2.222 x 104 min-1. Whereas for hydrotalcite catalyst

using rice husk as fuel, the activation energy (Ea) is 40.26 kJ/mol and frequency factor (A) is

3.3739 x 104 min-1. For reference hydrotalcite catalyst, the activation energy (Ea) is 208.39

kJ/mol and frequency factor (A) is 1.447 x 1031 min-1. The study shows that the agricultural

waste can serve as a better fuel in the synthesis of hydrotalcite catalyst to produce biodiesel.

Keywords: biodiesel, waste cooking oil, transesterification, hydrotalcite

49


ABSTRACT - ORAL

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMI-REFINED

CARRAGEENAN REINFORCED WITH CELLULOSE NANOFIBER

INCORPORATED WITH Α-TOCOPHEROL AS AN ACTIVE

FOOD PACKAGING

Wan Amnin Wan Yahaya1, Raja Nurliyana Raja Ahmad1, Nurul Aini Mohd Azman1*,

Ahmad Salihin Bin Samsudin1 and Wan Faizal Wan Ishak2

1Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,

26300 Gambang Pahang 2Faculty of BioEngineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus,

Locked Bag No. 100, 17600 Jeli Kelantan, Malaysia


Abstract

Recent alternative in the development of bioactive packaging films which contribute both to

reduce waste disposal problems and prolong shelf life of food have received attention among

consumers. Semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) based film plasticized with glycerol (G) reinforced

with different concentration cellulose nanofibre (CNF) (2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% [w/w])

incorporated with 0.4% (w/w) α-tocopherol were prepared for food packaging application.

Functional mechanical and physical properties of SRC-based films were characterized. The

release of antioxidant α-tocopherol from SRC-based film were studied based on total phenolic

content (TPC) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) throughout 31 day storages. FTIR

spectra analysis provided some insight interaction between SRC, glycerol, CNF and antioxidant

α-tocopherol. The result shows incorporation of CNF increased the mechanical properties of

SRC-based film when compared to the control film. The filling effect of CNF caused an increase

in elongation and tensile strength. When a high content of CNF (10%) was incorporated in the

films, the water solubility was decreased due to the reduction of hydrophilic domains in the film

matrix. Moreover, addition of α-tocopherol into films contained phenolic compounds displayed

strong antioxidant activities. These results demonstrate that CNF and α-tocopherol can

significantly enhance the mechanical properties, antioxidant ability, and reduce the water

solubility of SRC-based films that can be used as an active food packaging material. Hence, the

incorporation of CNF into SRC-based film could be an alternative way to replace non-

biodegradable plastic whilst reduce the use of synthetic antioxidant directly into food product.

Keywords: cellulose nanofibre, semi-refined carrageenan, natural antioxidant

50


ABSTRACT - ORAL

PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT AMINE - BASED FUNCTIONALISED

SILICA/OPBI NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE

POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL (PEMFC)

Amir Aiman Tahrim* and Indok Nurul Hasyimah Mohd Amin

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology

(UniKL MICET), 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka, Malaysia


Abstract

This paper reports the preparation of series of different amine – based functionalised silica/OPBI

nanocomposite membrane for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT – PEMFC)

application. Polyethyleneimine and ethylenediamine were immobilised onto the surface of silica

and named SiPEI and SiEDA before added into poly(4,4’-diphenylether-5, 5’-bibenzimidazole)

(OPBI) separately with the objective to provide a better dispersion and improving the interfacial

interaction between organic/inorganic materials. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

experiment confirmed the synthesised polymer while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

(FTIR) used to confirm the success of grafting of the amine derivatives to the silica surface in

the polymer matrix. The performance of the nanocomposite membrane was investigated by using

thermogravimetric analysis for high temperature PEMFC application. Water uptake and swelling

ratio in both water and phosphoric acid (PA) has significant impact with the usage of different

amine – based funtionalised silica compared to naked OPBI. Addition of amine functionalised

silica into OPBI shows a significant improvement compared to pure OPBI while the

concentration of the amine functionalised silica loading influenced the thermal stability of the

membrane at high temperature region (100 – 200 °C).

Keywords: polybenzimidazole, silica nanoparticles, proton exchange membrane

51


ABSTRACT - ORAL

CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYANILINE FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE

QUANTUM DOTS FOR ELECTROANALYSIS OF CHIRAL TYROSINE

Zakira Imana Abu Mansor and Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,

Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Graphene quantum dots-polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid (GQD-PANI-CSA) were

synthesized using electrochemical deposition processes on screen-printed carbon electrode

(SPCE). The optimization for electrode growth development was precisely conducted to achieve

the optimal measurement of the chiral sensor. The film electrodeposition was carried out using

cyclic voltammetry at 0.3V to 0.7V followed by a potentiostatic of 0.55V for 300s. The

ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used to analyze the optical properties of the film

while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to characterize the functional group presence.

The structural morphology was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy

(FESEM). The FESEM images expose the flake structure of GQD-PANI-CSA with granules.

Differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to evaluate the analytical

performance of tyrosine (Tyr) in the presence of phosphate buffer solution (pH7). The capability

of GQD to catalyze electron transfer on PANI doped CSA is promising as a potential rapid

enantiorecognition of chiral compounds.

Keywords: polyaniline, chiral detector, graphene quantum dots, electrochemical sensor

52


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ELECTRICAL AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF SOLID

POLYMER ELECTROLYTE BASED ON POLYETHYLENE OXIDE AND

GRAPHENE OXIDE BLEND

Ahmad Syafiq Fauzan Mohd Asnawi1, Alyaa Amalina Mohd Azli2, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani Abdul

Kadir3 and Yuhanees Mohamed Yusof 1*

1Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and

Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca 2Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


Abstract

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(ethylene carbonate) are synthetic

polymers that have been widely used as polymer host in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). A

proton source, for example, lithium triflate (CF3SO3Li), ammonium bromide (NH4Br) and

ammonium fluoride (NH4F) are doped in the polymer blend to provide the mobile H+ or Li+ ions

(Mohanta, Padhi, & Si, 2018). Polymer blending has been introduced to improve the properties

of SPEs due to the easy preparation and excellent physical properties (Samsudin & Isa, 2012). In

the present work, SPEs hosted by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-graphene oxide (GO) blend doped

with ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NH4CF3SO3) has been prepared via solution casting

technique. The highest room temperature conductivity of the PEO-GO polymer electrolytes

containing 35 wt.% NH4CF3SO3 was found to be (2.48 ± 0.83) ×10-6 Scm-1. Fourier transmission

infrared (FTIR) analysis exhibits the complexation between ammonium salt and polymer host.

The FTIR spectra have been deconvoluted in the wavenumber region between 1015 and 1075

cm-1 to determine the percentage of free and contact ions. Dielectric studies show that all the

electrolytes obey non-Debye behaviour.

Keywords: polymer electrolyte, PEO-GO blend, ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, ionic

conductivity, dielectric constant

53


ABSTRACT - ORAL

CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROGENERATED Ni-Pb SUPPORTED ON

CALCIUM OXIDE DERIVED FROM WASTE COCKLE SHELL

Faridah Ghafar1*, Norzahir Sapawe1, Mohd Amin Alikasturi1 and Nor Azmmi Masripan2

1Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering

Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka

2Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Hang Tuah Jaya,

76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka


Abstract

The solid bifunctional catalyst of nickel-plumbum supported calcium oxide derived from waste

cockle shell was synthesis by simple one-pot electrochemical method. This reaction was carried

out in a one-compartment cell fitted with a Pt plate cathode (2 x 2 cm2) and a metal plate anode

(2 x 2 cm2). The compartment cell was filled with 20 mL N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)

solution containing 0.1M tetraethylammonium perchlorate (TEAP) in the presence of

naphthalene as a mediator. The synthesized catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction

(XRD), BET surface area, FE-SEM and FTIR analysis.

Keywords: bifunctional catalyst, electrochemical, calcium oxide, waste cockle shell

54


ABSTRACT - ORAL

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PREPARATION METHODS

OF CALCIUM BASED CHROMIUM OXIDES CATALYST FOR

TRANSESTERIFICATION OF REFINED COOKING OIL

Susilawati Toemen1*, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar1, Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid2,

Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar3 and Juan Matmin1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Unisza Science and Medicine Foundation Centre, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,

Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor


Abstract

In this paper, the influence of preparation methods on calcium based chromium oxides catalyst

for transesterification of refined cooking oil was systematically investigated. The Cr/Ca/Al2O3

catalyst was prepared via modified and unmodified wetness impregnation methods. For modified

method, the extraction solution of sapodilla leaves was incorporated in the catalyst solution. All

synthesized catalysts were calcined at temperatures of 600-800ºC and the conversion were

monitored by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). From the result, Ca/Cr

(10:90)/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 700ºC with 1 g dosage of sapodilla leaves was exhibited the

highest conversion of triglycerides. Around 95% conversion was achieved at mild reaction

conditions of 65ºC reaction temperature, 6 wt.% catalyst loading, 1:18 oil to methanol ratio and

3 hours reaction time. The physicochemical analysis of this catalyst was accomplished using

several characterization techniques. The catalyst showed polycrystalline structure with sparsely

populated nanosheet with unhomogeneous shapes and sizes. It also posseses high surface area

of 402 m2g-1 with small particle sizes in the range of 10-60 nm and less metal leaching. The

observed results are much better than unmodified catalyst preparation.

Keywords: transesterification, biodiesel, catalyst, metal oxide, sapodilla leaves

55


ABSTRACT - ORAL

EFFECT OF TEOS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF SILICA-COATED IRON

OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

Nurul Izza Taib1*, Nur Diyana Syazwani Zambri2, Famiza Abd Latif 2 and Zakiah Mohamed2

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus,

35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

In targeted drug delivery system, the drug is embedded in SiO2 that will be transported to the

targeted area by coating it on Fe3O4 nanoparticle. In this study, this SiO2 has been coated on the

surface of Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@SiO2) by hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate

(TEOS) under alkaline medium at 80oC. It was found that only 500 L TEOS is required to

obtain the best coated Fe3O4 core structures which has been confirmed from its TEM micrograph.

FTIR analyses revealed the formation of Si-O-Si bonds at 1084.2–1101.4 cm-1 hence confirmed

that SiO2 has been successfully coated the Fe3O4 core. From the FESEM analyses, the average

size of silica was ~ 50 -70 nm. EDX of the Fe3O4@SiO2 showed that silica had been effectively

bonded onto the surface of Fe3O4. The VSM measurements confirmed the superparamagnetic

properties of Fe3O4@SiO2 that is desirable for biomedical applications.

Keywords: iron oxide nanoparticles, silica, magnetic properties, superparamagnetic

56


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ELECTROCHEMICAL DISCRIMINATION OF CHIRAL ASPARTIC ACID BY

USING GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS-FUNCTIONALIZED AMINO ACID

FROM L-PROLINE/GOLD NANORODS ON SCREEN PRINTED CARBON

ELECTRODE

Nurul Hidayah Mustaffar Kamal1*, Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi2 and Lim Hong Ngee3

1

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science

Universiti Putra Malaysia


Abstract

In this study, graphene quantum dots-functionalized amino acids from L-proline (GQDs-L-pro)

and gold nanorods (AuNRs) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, Uv-Vis spectroscopy

and FESEM. Then, GQDs-L-pro was drop casted and dried onto screen printed carbon electrode

(SPCE) surface, and AuNRs also was drop casted and electrodeposited onto SPCE surface by

using chronoamperometry (CA) method at 0.4 V. This modified SPCE surface was characterized

by Raman Spectroscopy and SEM-EDX. Electrochemical discrimination of chiral aspartic acid

(Asp) were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and were optimized at pH 5 of

phosphate buffer solution as supporting electrolyte, the ratio of GQDs-L-pro and AuNRs was

1:2 and the immerse time to discriminate L-aspartic acid and D-aspartic acid was determined at

35 minutes. The GQDs-L-pro/AuNRs was able to discriminate aspartic acid enantiomers, thus,

have good reproducibility and repeatability.

Keywords: electrochemical, chiral, discrimination, chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry

57


ABSTRACT - ORAL

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ACID CATALYST SUPPORTS TOWARDS

GLUCOSE HYDROLYSIS

Puteri Nurain Syahirah Megat Muhammad Kamal, Amin Safwan Alikasturi*, Nur Izwani Binti Jimat,

Muhammad Aizuddin Aminuddin Suharto, Nur Izzati Mohamad and Magdalyn Empina Serit

Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering

Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning,

78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia


Abstract

Glucose, a part of biomass, would be such a waste if it is not utilized properly as glucose can be

converted into levulinic acid through hydrolysis process. Levulinic acid is known for its building

block which is useful especially in fuel industry. This study focused on the conversion of glucose

to levulinic acid in the presence of different types of solid acid catalyst. This solid acid catalyst

was prepared by using a wet impregnation method and characterized using FTIR. The reaction

took place in a batch reactor for 3 hours. Besides that, other conditions such as calcinations of

temperature and types of solvent were taken into consideration in aiming to obtain a high

conversion of glucose. It was revealed that the calcinations temperature of 200ºC produced the

highest conversion of glucose to levulinic acid when catalyst supported on alumina was used.

The conversion of glucose was found to be 77.31%. Meanwhile, as temperature of hydrolysis

increases up to 160ºC, 74.89% of glucose was converted into levulinic acid in the presence of

catalyst supported on silica. On top of that, it was proven that different types of solvent

influenced the conversion of glucose where the highest conversion was 98.69% and 98.27% for

reaction conditions; 1) ethanol as solvent with catalyst supported on alumina 2) acetone as

solvent with silica alumina respectively. It is found that all the parameters used in this present

work influenced the catalytic reaction.

Keywords: hydrolysis, glucose, levulinic acid, solid acid catalyst, calcinations temperature

58


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ELECTRONIC TEXTILES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Mohd Muzamir Mahat*

Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia


Abstract

The advancement of bioelectronics requires devices to be flexible and wearable. Fabric, is one

of the interests due to the unique properties it can offer. Important considerations include the

simplicity and ease in their fabrication. Here, we report a simple method to fabricate a conductive

fabric by incorporating a conducting polymer-Polyaniline (PANI). The present study

investigates the potential antibacterial property of conductive cotton and polyester (PES) fabric

coated with polyaniline (PANI). Phytic acid (10, 20 and 30 % v/v) was used as a dopant. The

fabricated fabric were produced via immersion technique with an immersion time of 30 minutes.

The structural identification, conductivity and morphological properties of prepared fabric were

characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electrochemical

impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM),

respectively. The optimum conductivities of 2.28 x 10-4 S/m (for cotton) and 2.15 x 10-2 S/m (for

PES) were recorded when doped with 30% (v/v) phytic acid. The antibacterial test showed that

the fabricated fabric had relatively high antibacterial activity against K. pneumaniae, S. aureus,

and E. coli strains.

Keywords: chitosan based urea fertilisers (CBUF), x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-

red, scanning electron microscope

59


ABSTRACT - ORAL

BIMETALLIC OXIDE Fe/Mn/Al2O3 CATALYST FOR DEEP OXIDATIVE

DESULFURIZATION OF MODEL DIESEL OIL

Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar1*, Wan Azalee Wan Abu Bakar2 and Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah3

1Center for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Chemical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),

81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia


Abstract

Organosulfur compounds (OSCs), present in hydrotreated diesel fuel were the main sources of

environmental pollutions and industrial problems. In this work, deep oxidative desulfurization

of model diesel consisting of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) was investigated

with/without bimetallic oxide Fe/Mn/Al2O3 catalyst followed by extraction step using

dimethylformamide (DMF). In the absence of catalyst, about 84% of organosulfur compounds

removed from model diesel. The mechanistic study showed that the reaction between tert-butyl

hydroperoxide (TBHP) and 4,6-DMDBT was solely efficient to produce corresponding

sulfoxide, instead of sulfone compound. The catalytic activity of the synthesized Fe/Mn/Al2O3

catalysts were further evaluated at the similar reaction conditions; and the results showed that Fe/Mn (10:90)/Al2O3 calcined at 500°C catalyst presented excellent performance in the oxidative

desulfurization (ODS) reaction with best 4,6-DMDBT removal of 98.5%. The improved

desulfurization yield of bimetallic catalyst may be attributed to the characteristic of the active sites

on the support of the catalyst. The mechanism by FTIR proved the interaction between TBHP and

active species of catalyst while GC-FPD detected DBT sulfoxides and sulfones in the extracted DMF.

Keywords: oxidative desulfurization, sulfones, catalysts, mechanistic study

60


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION COUPLED

WITH DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION FOR

THE DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC

HYDROCARBONS IN VEGETABLES

Chai Mee Kin1*, Tan Yeong Hwang1 and Wong Ling Shing2

1College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten,

43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Health and Life Science, INTI International University,

Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai,

Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia


Abstract

Microwave-assisted extraction coupled with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed

by gas-chromatography flame ionization detector for the determination of 13 PAHs in vegetable

samples was developed in this study. Effective parameters such as types and volumes of

extraction and dispersive solvents, microwave power, solvents for microwave and irradiation

time were optimized. The influences of physiochemical properties of the selected extraction

solvents on extraction efficiency were also investigated. The analytical performances of the

optimized DLLME and MAE-DLLME were compared. The limit of detections of DLLME and

MAE-DLLME were in the range of 4-40 and 4-10 µg/l, respectively. For DLLME, precision and

accuracy were 1.22-7.50% (RSD) and 71.77% to 90.93%, respectively; while for MAE-

DLLME, were 0.77%-3.07% (RSD) and 83.65-98.42%, respectively. The relative enrichment

factors were ranged from 126-156 and 165 to 202 for DLLME and MAE-DLLME, respectively.

The volume of extraction solvent was reduced from 50 µl to 30 µl in MAE-DLLME. The overall

analytical performances of MAE-DLLME is better than DLLME. The application of proposed

MAE-DLLME in real samples was also investigated.

Keywords: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, microwave-assisted extraction, vegetables,

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, extraction solvent

61


ABSTRACT - ORAL

COMPARISON STUDY FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY

TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE COOKING OIL AND PILOT PLANT

WASTE OVER Ni/CaO CATALYST

Nurul Shahira Anuar, Mohd Nor Irham Nor Azan, Amin Safwan Alikasturi and Nor Shahirah Mohd

Nasir*

Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering

Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988, Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning,

78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka


Abstract

Most biodiesel plants are utilizing refined vegetable oils as their primary feedstock. In this

manner, the expense of refined vegetable oils contributed about 80% of the general biodiesel

generation cost. It is obvious that feedstock will be the most essential variable influencing the

cost of biodiesel in the worldwide market. Waste cooking oil (WCO) generation in the country

will have a bad impact if the balance of cooking oil is not practiced and cause disposal problems

such as water and soil pollution, human health concerns and disruption to aquatic ecosystems.

In current waste management scenario in Pilot Plant UniKL MICET, the wastes generated from

laboratory experiments are underutilized and lead to space consumption due to increase usage

of barrel to store the wastes. Hence, there is a need to explore and evaluate various strategies to

maximize the utilization of these both wastes. The wastes were used to investigate the

transesterification reaction using heterogeneous base catalyst. The catalysts were synthesized

via wet impregnation method and its physicochemical properties were subsequently

characterized. TGA analysis was used to identify the exact calcination temperature for the fresh

as-synthesized catalyst (Ni/CaO). FAME characterizations were analyzed by using GCMS,

FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The physical properties (density, flash point, volatility and

kinematic viscosity) of FAME were measured according to ASTM D6751. The reaction was

carried out under reflux condenser of three reaction constant; methanol to oil molar ratio (1:15),

catalyst loading (3 wt%) and reaction temperature (65ºC). Ni/CaO catalyst shows the best

catalyst in order to achieve maximum FAME yield up to 90%. The produced biodiesel from this

technique has been referred according to the ASTM D6751 and considered as a potential

biodiesel for future alternative and sustainable energy sources.

Keywords: biodiesel, catalysis, Pilot Plant waste, waste cooking oil, wet impregnation


62


ABSTRACT - ORAL

DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE

METALS IN LAKE KENYIR, MALAYSIA

Suhaimi Suratman1,2*, Fatin Adlina Md Nasir1 and Tan Hock Seng1

1Institute of Oceanography and Environment

2Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.


Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the concentration and possible sources of dissolved and

particulate metals in Lake Kenyir, Malaysia. The metals studied including aluminium (Al),

cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). Horizontal and vertical

distributions of heavy metals in the lake were determined from April 2014 to February 2015.

The samples were collected at 14 stations in Lake Kenyir using a Van Dorn sampler and were

analyzed using standard method. The analysis of both dissolved and particulate metals were

carried out by using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. The finding

indicates that the mean concentration for dissolved metal of Al was 3.96 ± 1.85 µg/L, Cd 0.030

± 0.013 µg/L, Fe 7.29 ± 4.32 µg/L, Pb 0.26 ± 0.10 µg/L, Zn 4.48 ± 2.17 µg/L and Cu 0.254 ±

0.140 µg/L. While the mean concentration for particulate metals of Al was 95.0 ± 59.7 µg/L, Cd

0.08 ± 0.04 µg/L, Fe 94.0 ± 71.0 µg/L, Pb 0.10 ± 0.091 µg/L, Zn 1.39 ± 0.81 µg/L and Cu 0.52

± 0.31 µg/L. Stations situated at Pangkalan Utama and Pangkalan Gawi recorded the highest

concentration of heavy metals compared to other stations. This was caused by the anthropogenic

activities such as discharge of untreated sewage, surface runoff and boat activity. The heavy

metals concentrations were equivalent with Class II and below based on the National Water

Quality Standard (NWQS). This condition is suitable for recreational activities where body

contact is allowed and also suitable for fishing activities.

Keywords: dissolved and particulate metals, horizontal and vertical distributions, National

Water Quality Standard, Lake Kenyir (Malaysia).

63


ABSTRACT - ORAL

TREATMENT OF POND FROM ABANDONED LANDFILL VIA

ELECTROCOAGULATION

Norhafezah Kasmuri*, Dian Khairunnisa Muhammad Amin and Nurazwa Adnan

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor


Abstract

Abandoned landfill site portrays higher chances of environmental pollution, especially to the

groundwater. There are several of these sites still exists in Malaysia. This landfill was built

without any engineered liners which lead to severe environmental impact. Thus, the surrounding

environment of the landfill site has been greatly affected. This is very important to ensure the

water quality meets the required standard set by the Department of Environment (DOE),

Malaysia. This research presents the application of electrocoagulation in removing pollutants

from an abandoned pond. Two different distance between electrodes (aluminium) were

conducted in batch mode. Closed parallel aluminium plates were found to be most effective in

the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total

suspended solids (TSS), nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphorus and ammonia-nitrogen

(84%, 92%, 95%, 100%, 100%, 97% and 21%) removal efficiency. Subsequently, 66% of BOD,

84% of COD, 93% of TSS, 100% of nitrite-nitrogen, 100% of nitrate-nitrogen, 91% of

phosphorus and 17% ammonia-nitrogen were removed by non-closed parallel aluminium plates.

Both conditions were carried out for 120 minutes. Longer durations time needed for higher BOD

and ammonia nitrogen removal. This can be concluded that electrocoagulation with closed

parallel aluminium plates was more capable to remove contaminants than non-closed parallel

aluminium plate with longer durations.

Keywords: abandoned landfill, electrocoagulation, aluminium electrode, the removal efficiency

64


ABSTRACT - ORAL

TOWNWATER FOOTPRINT FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS

ADDRESING IMPACT-ORIENTED APPROACH METHOD

Masitah Alias*, Ahmad Rosly Abbas, Nuriffika Ruslan and Ammar Harith Ahmad Amer

Build Environment & Climate Change Unit, TNB Research Sdn Bhd


Abstract

The power industry is strongly influenced by water availability, in quantity, quality, and

accessibility, both directly on their operation but also along their supply chain and downstream

operations as well. Therefore, power utility companies around the globe have an increasing

interest in water-related issues, and they are moving forward to integrate water management

(water-energy nexus) in business plans and risk assessments. A key aspect of this approach is

that estimating water use on a purely volumetric basis is insufficient to improve water

management outcomes. Based on the definitions and framework, a case study was conducted for

TNB thermal power plants by implementing water reclaim technologies where a pilot water

reclaimed plant was added to an existing facility. The main reclaimed technologies used is

ultrafiltration and reveserve osmosis. Based on the results obtained, it has contributed to an

overall shown 4 to 18 percent of townwater water footprint improvement.

Keywords: power industry, waterfootprint, impact oriented method, ultrafiltration, reverse

osmosis

65


ABSTRACT - ORAL

EVALUATION OF TETREMETHYLAMMONIUM ACETATE AS

CORROSION SUPPRESSOR FOR FLOW ASSURANCE APPLICATIONS

Ali Qasim1,2, Muhammad Saad Khan1,2 Bhajan Lal*1,2 and Mokhtar Che Ismail3

1Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar,

32610, Perak, Malaysia 2CO2 Research Centre (CO2RES), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar,

32610, Perak, Malaysia 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Corrosion Research,

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia


Abstract

For flow assurance applications, different corrosion inhibitors are used in the oil and gas industry

in order to mitigate corrosion. Among corrosion suppressing compounds, quaternary ammonium

salts (QASs) find an exceptional usage as these relatively long chain compounds adsorb onto the

surface of the pipeline. The formation of protective layer by adsorbing on the surface prevents

corrosion. In this work, tetramethylammonium acetate (TMAAc) which is QAS is evaluated as

a corrosion inhibitor in saline environment using weight loss method. The weight loss

experiments are performed with the solution concentrations of TMAAc as 0.01, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and

10 wt%. Corrosion rate values are determined at these concentrations. It is observed that the

corrosion rate increases with the increase in concentration. The minimum value of corrosion rate

is found to be 0.068 mm/yr at 0.01 wt%. At lower concentrations, TMAAc can find its

application as a commercial corrosion inhibitor.

Keywords: corrosion, tetramethylammonium acetate, weight loss, inhibitor


66


ABSTRACT - ORAL

EFFECT OF REACTION PARAMETERS (TEMPERATURE, TIME AND

SOLID LOADING) ON LIGNIN FROM OIL PALM FROND (OPF) UNDER

SUBCRITICAL PHENOL CONDITIONS AS A PRECURSOR FOR

CARBON FIBER PRODUCTION

Khalidatul Athirah Khalid, Asimi Ana Ahmad and Tau Len-Kelly Yong*

1Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology

(UniKL MICET), Melaka, Malaysia


Abstract

The market price of carbon fiber which considerably high has limit its application as a value

added material. Lignin, a natural source which can be obtained from oil palm frond (OPF)

biomass could be seen as a promising precursor for carbon fiber production. The aim of this

study is to determine the feasibility of OPF lignin extracted under subcritical phenol conditions.

Focus been given to the fundamental properties (ash content, volatile content and carbon content)

as well as thermochemical properties (glass transition temperature and weight average molecular

weight) of lignin as a precursor for carbon fiber production. The effect of reaction parameters

such as temperature (260-300 °C), reaction time (5-30 min) and solid loadings (6 and 10 g) are

also the major focus in this study in order to produce high quality precursor for carbon fiber. The

result indicated that lowest ash content and volatile content of 10.93% and 6.45% was obtained

at 260 °C, 5 min, and 6 g solid loading respectively. Under the same reaction condition, highest

amount of carbon content, weight average molecular weight (Mw) and glass transition

temperature (Tg) were obtained of 53.74%, 435.40 g/mol and 96.32 °C, respectively. It can be

further concluded that, some of the analysis show that there are correlations between each of the

properties that give effects to the quality of lignin precursor produced.

Keywords: lignin, carbon fiber, subcritical phenol

67


ABSTRACT - ORAL

HEAVY METALS LEVEL IN BAMBOO SHARKS (Chiloscyllium sp.)

IN STRAITS OF MALACCA, MALAYSIA

Poong Jun Han1, Tee Lian Sheng1, Tan Evonne1, Yip Tiam Hing1, Muhammad Hasbi Ramli1,

Abd Rahman Ali Hassan2, Ahmad Ali3, Chen Meng Hsien4, James Lam Chung Wah5 and Ong Meng

Chuan1*


21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Pejabat Perikanan Daerah Larut Matang dan Selama, Tingkat, 34000 Taiping, Perak, Malaysia

3Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries

Development Center (SEAFDEC), 21080 Chendering, Terengganu, Malaysia 4Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lian-Hai Road,

Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan 5Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong,

10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong


Abstract

Sharks are top predators in ocean food chain and can accumulate a significant amount of metals

in their body. There’s also high demand in shark meat as delicacy for restaurant. Therefore, a

study was carried out to investigate the heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentration of most

landed shark, Bamboo shark edible tissue. A total of 43 shark samples were collected from local

fishermen at Lumut, Perak. In this study, the two edibles tissue, muscle and fins were dissected

and analyzed by using ICP-MS after Teflon bomb closed digestion with HNO3 acid. Results

obtained shows the patterns of metals in muscle tissue decrease in order of Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd.

Meanwhile, there was slightly different in fin tissue where the pattern of metals concentration

followed the order of Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd. Generally, the average concentration of metals in fin tissue

were higher compared to muscle tissue. All metals studied were also correlated with shark length

and weight and our findings reveal that all metals show positive correlation except Pb

concentration in muscle tissue and Zn concentration in fin tissue. In order to determine the

pollution status in shark tissue, the data was calculated using Pollution Load Index (PLI) as the

indicator. The average PLI value calculated were 3.2 ad 12.4 for muscle and fin tissue,

respectively and these values suggest that the pollution level is under control and no monitoring

are required. All findings from this study can be used as a reference for further studies especially

in west coast of Peninsular Malaysia waters.

Keywords: Straits of Malacca, sharks, heavy metals, pollution load index

68


ABSTRACT - ORAL

IMPACTS OF CITRIC ACID ON PHYTOEXTRACTION OF ZINC (Zn)

USING SORGHUM BICOLOR L.M PLANTS

Hamza Badamasi1* and Muhammad Saminu Dagari2

1Department of Chemistry Federal University, Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry Federal University, Gashua, Gashua, Nigeria


Abstract

Greenhouse hydroponic experiments were carried out to examine the impacts of citric acid on

Zn uptake and phytoextraction potentials of sorghum (sorghum bicolor L.M). Two-week-old

seedlings transplanted in hydroponic solutions were treated with different doses of Zn in the

concentration range of 5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L alone or in combination with 10 mM citric

acid. After 21 day of culture, the plants were harvested, separated into roots and shoots and then

dried. Fresh and dry weights, Zn uptake, translocation factor (TF), bioconcentration factor

(BCF), proline, ascorbate and pigment contents were determined. The results indicate that Zn

uptake, fresh and dry weights, TF, BCF, proline and ascorbate contents were concentration

dependent with more significant increase (P < 0.05) after application of citric acid. Pigments and

protein contents were however, severely decreased with increasing Zn concentrations and

appreciated gradually with the addition of citric acid. Thus, citric acid efficiently increased

phytoextractability of Zn and Sorghum bicolor LM was non-hyperaccumulator of Zn; but may

be used for phytoremediation of Zn contaminated environments with assistance of citric acid.

Keywords: citric acid, hydroponic, phytoextraction, proline, sorghum bicolor L.M, Zn

69


ABSTRACT - ORAL

MICROBIAL PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY ACID (PLFA) ASSOCIATED WITH

CADAVER DECOMPOSITION AT LATE DECAY STAGE: A BURIAL IN

NAMI SERIES SOIL OF BUKIT KOR

Siti Sofo Ismail*, Syazwani Ainaa Aling and Nik Mohd Shin

School of Marine and Environmental Sciences

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia


Abstract

A controlled laboratory simulated burial experiment was conducted where the commercial pig

(Sus scrofa) fatty flesh was buried in mangrove (pH mild alkaline) and oil palm plantation (pH

acidic) soils. This work was performed to establish an understanding of the effect of acidity of

the soil in which a cadaver is buried, in particular under tropical climate. The pig fatty flesh was

allowed to decompose for 28 days of burial period. The associated soils were collected at

different sampling points, corresponding to different decomposition stages. Soil cadaveric

derived lipids were extracted using Modified Bligh-Dyer Extraction method. The analysis of the

extractable lipids was done using Gas-Chromatography Flame Ion Detector (GC-FID). A similar

trend in the rate of decomposition was observed for both mangrove and oil palm plantation soils.

However, the mangrove soil demonstrated a higher decomposition rate for most of the

decomposition stages compared to that of oil palm plantation soil. During the first seven days of

burial interval, the oil palm plantation soil demonstrated higher concentration in extractable

lipids than that of mangrove soils. For the following sampling points, however, an opposite trend

in the concentration of the lipids for both soils was observed. The concentrations of palmitic

(C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids found to be higher in mangrove soil compared to

that of oil palm plantation soil. The results of this study provide baseline data for further

exploration regarding the relationships of soil acidity and fate of a cadaver that buried under

tropical climate, to get forensically reliable data.

Keywords: cadaveric derived lipids, decomposition rate, Fatty acids, alkaline soil

70


ABSTRACT - ORAL

DEACIDIFICATION OF NAPHTHENIC ACIDS FROM PETROLEUM

CRUDE OILS USING 2-METHYLIMIDAZOLE WITH THE AID

OF Ni/Ce and Cu/Ce CATALYST

Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi*

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang


Abstract

The presence of the carboxylic acid derivative compound in crude oil can contributes to the

major corrosion in oil pipelines and distillation units in crude oil refineries. The acidity level in

crude oil is measured by the Total Acid Number (TAN). Methods that commonly used to remove

naphthenic acid (NA) from crude oil such as dilution and caustic washing have its own weakness

such as emulsion formation, high temperature and huge solvent usage. In order to overcome this

problem, catalytic deacidification method had been developed to reduce the TAN value in acidic

crude oil utilizing basic chemical with the aid metal oxide catalyst. In this study, crude oil from

Petronas Penapisan Melaka was investigated. The parameters studied were reagent

concentration, reaction temperature, catalyst loading, calcination temperature and reusability of

the potential catalyst. Basic chemical used were 2-methylimidazole in polyethylene glycol (PEG

400) with concentration of 100, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm. Cerium (Ce) was used as based for

the catalyst with Ni and Cu act as dopant. The potential catalyst undergoes characterization

methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetry Analysis for

its physicochemical properties. The result showed that the Cu/Ce catalyst meet Petronas

requirement as the TAN value reduced to 0.93 mg KOH/g from original TAN value of 3.93 mg

KOH/g. As for Ni/Ce catalyst, the TAN value reduced to 1.03 mg KOH/g. TGA results revealed

the total weight loss of Cu/Ce=23.40% and Ni/Ce=25.22% due to the complete removal of the

impurities in catalyst. Reaction temperature used was 27 ̊C with catalyst calcination temperature

of 1000ºC and 7 beads of catalyst loading. It can be concluded that catalytic deacidification

method with the aid of Cu/Ce was efficient in removing NA from the acidic crude oil thus

lowering the TAN value less than 1 mg KOH/g.

Keywords: Cu/Ce catalyst, 2-methylimidazole, catalytic deacidification, deacidification

71


ABSTRACT - ORAL

MULTICLASS EMERGING ORGANIC POLLUTION AND ASSOCIATED

RISK IN THE KLANG RIVER ESTUARY MALAYSIA

Tuan Fauzan Tuan Omar1,2*, Ahmad Zaharin Aris1,3, Fatimah Md. Yusoff4 and Shuhaimi Mustafa3

1Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Product Research Institute,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 4Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia,



Abstract

The occurrence, level and distribution of multiclass emerging organic contaminant (EOC) in the

environmental matrices from Klang River estuary were examined. The targeted multi class EOC

for this assessment consisted of endocrine disrupting compounds, organo phosphorous pesticides

and pharmaceutically active compounds. Analytical methods of quantification for determination

of multiclass EOCs were developed for three matrices, namely estuarine water, sediment and

biota. Results from this study showed that prevalent contamination of Klang River estuary by

EOCs with several compounds such as diclofenac, bisphenol A, progesterone, estrone and

amoxicillin were predominantly detected in those matrices. The highest concentration of EOCs

in surface water samples was found in bisphenol A at 597.30 ng/L, followed by amoxicillin

(102.31 ng/L). While for sediment samples, bisphenol A was the highest concentration detected

at 16.84 ng/g followed by diclofenac (13.88 ng/g) and estrone (12.47 ng/g). As for biota matrices,

diclofenac (10.76 ng/g) was detected at the highest concentration in fish samples, while

progesterone (9.57 ng/g) was the highest concentration found in the molluscs. Estimation of

health risk assessment, calculated as hazard quotient (HQ) were less than 1, suggesting the

consumption of fish and mollusc from Klang River estuary will not pose any health risk to the

consumers. Meanwhile, environmental risk assessment, expressed as risk quotients (RQs) for all

targeted compounds were also less than 1. Hence, the targeted EOCs have not indicated

significant risks to the ecosystem during the current assessment. Nonetheless, result from this

field assessment is an important finding for pollution studies in Malaysian tropical coastal

ecosystems particularly for organic micro-pollutant EOCs and can serve as a baseline database

for future reference.

Keywords: multiclass emerging organic contaminats, estuarine water, sediment, biota, risk

assessment

72


ABSTRACT - ORAL

KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS STUDIES FOR THE ADSORPTION

OF CHRYSENE ONTO MIL-88(Fe) AND NH2-MIL-88 METAL-ORGANIC

FRAMEWORKS

Zakariyya Uba Zango* and Bahruddin Saad

Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.


Abstract

Microwave assisted solvothermal method was used for the synthesis of iron-based metal-organic

frameworks MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe). Characterizations using electron microscopy

have shown that the surface of the material to of good crystallinity with square bipyramidal-

shaped particles. The BET surface area and pore volumes were determined by N2 adsorption-

desorption and the results have shown the BET surface area and pore volume of the MIL-88(Fe)

to be 1240 m2/g and 0.7 m3/g, while that of NH2-MIL-88(Fe) were 941 m2/g and 0.6 m3/g,

respectively. Both materials have shown efficient adsorption capacity for the removal of

chrysene from solution within 25 minutes. The quantity adsorbed at equilibrium were 22.5 mg

g-1 and 19.2 mg g-1 with percentage removals of 90.7% and 88.4% for MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-

MIL-88(Fe), respectively. Kinetic study has shown both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second

order models to describe the mechanisms for the interactions of the synthesized MOFs with the

chrysene. Langmuir isotherm model was for the explanation of the interactions of the MOFs

with the adsorbate. To elaborate more on the efficiency of the materials, these adsorbents were

easily regenerated and can be reused up to five cycles.

Keywords: adsorption, chrysene, metal-organic framework, removal

73


ABSTRACT - ORAL

REMOVAL OF DYE USING THE NANO-CRYSTALLINE

HYDROXYAPATITE FROM FOOD WASTE

Mohamed Imran Shah Mohd Shah, Elyzar Abdul Aziz and Sabrina Karim*

Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Lot 1988, Taboh Naning Vendor City, Alor Gajah, 78000, Melaka.


Abstract

Growth in populations and industrial development since the early years have been polluting both

surface water and groundwater making clean safe water limited to be consumed by humans. Due

to limited source of clean water, there are possibilities of communities around the world

consumed contaminated water every day. This problem still exists in today’s time especially in

third world countries. While dangerous microorganism can be purified by boiling the raw water,

harmful chemicals and substances still presence in the water and can enter the human body. To

suggest improvements in greener sustainable water treatment systems as well as utilising natural

resources, mud creepers shells have the potential to be used as raw material to synthesize

Hydroxyapatite to be used as photocatalyst which has been actively researched to treat

contaminated water. This project uses mud creepers shells to be synthesized into Hydroxyapatite

powder and determine the characterization of powder produced. The synthesized powder was

used to demonstrate the application of Hydroxyapatite on photocatalysis under ultraviolet

irradiation. Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer was done

in characterizing the wet chemical production of Hydroxyapatite. The characterization results

were found to be identical to the other Hydroxyapatite synthesized from typical natural shells

done by previous researchers. In this process, bromocresol purple was used as the solution to

investigate the degradation performance under ultraviolet irradiation with Hydroxyapatite as the

photocatalyst. The degradation of 100 ml Bromocresol Purple, with the dosage of 0.2 g of

synthesized Hydroxyapatite shows positive results. Kinetic models are applied to describe the

behaviour of particles in the degradation reaction. The positive two-stages-reaction is modelled

with first order namely by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, thus the values of reaction rate

constant, k are 0.0023 and 0.02. To conclude, Hydroxyapatite synthesized from mud creeper

shells give positive results to be used in water treatment specializing in ultraviolet disinfection

as it is cheaper and readily available.

Keywords: hydroxyapatite, mud creeper shells, methylene blue

74


ABSTRACT - ORAL

RECYCLING OF SPENT GARNET BY WASHING WITH

ORGANIC ACID

Amelia Md Som

Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology,

Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca


Abstract

Garnet has been used in wide of range industries for centuries. The structure and hardness of

garnet has made it suitable for abrasive blasting media. Used or spent garnet after the blasting

process contains organics and heavy metal that are classified as scheduled waste. It is hazardous

to human and animal. Organic acid washing process were tested on spent garnet in attempt to

remove Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn. Two controlled variables were evaluated; washing time and ratio of

spent garnet to weak acid solution (w/v). The spent garnet were washed in an incubator shaker

for 48 and 98 hour at 100 rpm. The garnet:weak acid ratio used were 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3.Result

shown 71% of Cu, 53% of Fe, 68% of Pb and 89% of Zn were removed. Removal of Cu, Pb and

Zn were best at 98 hour with 1:3 ratio condition.

Keywords: garnet, blasting process, washing time

75


ABSTRACT - ORAL

PERFORMANCE OF SIMULTANEOUS PERSULFATE AND FERROUS

SULPHATE OXIDATION FOR LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT

Salem S. Abu Amr1*, Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi1, Mohammed J.K. Bashir2 and Tamer M. Alslaibi3

1Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur,

(UniKL, MICET), 78000, Melaka, Malaysia 2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology,

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. 3Civil Engineering Department, Palestine University, Gaza Strip, Palestine

*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

The current this study aimed to investigate the performance of employing Fe2SO4 reagent for

persulfate (S2O82−) activation to treat landfill leachate. A central composite design (CCD) with

response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the relationships between

operating variables, such as persulfate and Fe2SO4 dosages, pH, and reaction time, to identify

the optimum operating conditions. Quadratic models for the following three responses proved

to be significant with very low probabilities (<0.0001): COD, color, and NH3–N removal. The

obtained optimum conditions included a reaction time of 82 min, 10 mL S2O82−, 3.64 mL Fe2SO4

dosage and pH 4.6. The experimental results were corresponding well with predicted models

(COD and NH3–N removal rates of 68%, 96%, and 52%, respectively). The results obtained in

leachate treatment were compared with those from other treatment processes, such as S2O82−

only and Fe2SO4 only, to evaluate its effectiveness. The combined method (i.e., / S2O82−/

Fe2SO4) achieved higher removal efficiencies for COD, color, and NH3–N compared with other

studied applications.

Keywords: oxidation, persulfate, activation, leachate treatment, optimization.

76


ABSTRACT - ORAL

TURBIDITY EFFECTS OF SUSPENDED BAUXITE IN EMBRYONIC

STAGE OF CLIMBING PERCH, ANABAS TESTUDINEUS

AFTER POST FERTILIZATION

Nurulnadia Mohd Yusoff *

School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,



Abstract

Turbidity in river water is known as a global threat to aquatic fauna such as fish embryo. To

investigate the turbidity effects of suspended bauxite on climbing perch (Anabas testudineus)

embryo, the organism was exposed to bauxite after post fertilisation. The 24 hours median lethal

concentration (24 hr LC50), lowest effect concentration (LOEC), and no-observed effect

concentration (NOEC) were 2.53 g L-1, 0.314 g L-1, and 0.125 g L-1, respectively. The sublethal

effects observed were hatching rate, unhatching rate and mean hatching hours. The sublethal

effects were not significant as compared to control group (bauxite free-water), except for 6.00,

12.0 and 24.0 g L-1. The fatal effects were observed in these treatment groups that resulted in

hatching success rate of embryos less than 6.70% and mortality greater than 63.3%. Among the

deadly effects recorded were malformations, shrinking of yolk, bauxite coating and ruptured

chorion. Overall, the finding from this study proposed that the level of bauxite residues in the

water should not exceed 0.314 g L-1 to ensure good development and survival of A. testudineus

embryos.

Keywords: red mud, Malaysia, sedimentation, fish, LC50


77


ABSTRACT - ORAL

REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY MAGNETIC

KAOLINITE-IRON OXIDE COMPOSITE

Izzan Salwana Izman, Siti Nor Atika Baharin and Ruhaida Rusmin*

School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences

Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah campus,

72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia


Abstract

Magnetic kaolinite composite was successfully synthesized using impregnation of natural

kaolinite clay minerals with iron oxide prepared through the co-precipitation method. The

synthesized kaolinite-iron oxide composite (Kao-IO) and raw kaolinite (Kao) was characterized

using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier-transform

infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Kao-IO composite was used to remove Pb2+ from aqueous

solution through batch adsorption studies under specific experimental conditions (e.g. pH,

contact time, and initial Pb concentration). Meanwhile, the desorption studies were performed

with selected desorbing agents. Kao-IO composite showed a higher adsorption capacity (30.93

mg g-1) compared to Kao (25.04 mg g-1) at an optimum pH of 6 within a 120 min reaction time.

The recovery of spent Kao-IO adsorbent from reaction media was facilitated through feasible

magnetic separation. Pb desorption from spent kaolinite using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

(EDTA) gave the highest desorption percentage (39.2%). Overall, Kao-IO composite

demonstrated potential as an environmental benign adsorbent in treating Pb contaminated water.

Keywords: kaolinite, magnetic, clay minerals, lead, adsorption

78


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SIZE-DEPENDENT ABUNDANCE AND COMPOSITION OF DISSOLVED

ORGANIC MATTER (DOM) IN PEAT SWAMP SOIL FROM

RAJA MUSA PEAT SWAMP FOREST

Noor Fazreen Dzulkafli*, Noor Atikah Sahadan, Mohd Fadzli Ahmad, Ainilhawa Sazali

Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,

Universiti Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Tropical peat swamp forests are globally important ecosystem that are poorly understood in

regards to their ecology and biodiversity. In this study, we report the size-dependent abundance

of dissolved organic matter (DOM) compositions, in concurrence with the carbohydrates

content, derived from peat swamp soil. The soil samples were isolated from the disturbed peat

swamp soil with palm oil plantation and paddy soil. The sediment’s DOM were size fractionated

with different membranes having different pore-sizes including 0.45 and 0.2 µm. Spectroscopic

properties of DOM, such as specific ultraviolet absorbance, spectral slope, and biological and

humification indices also varied significantly with membrane pore size. DOM-fraction

distribution patterns were significantly different depending on the origin of the sample. DOM in

palm oil and paddy soil was found rich with terrestrial humic substances and protein sources.

Based on the results, we concluded that the abundance of size-dependent fraction DOMs were

different among palm oil plantation and paddy cultivation area. This study highlighted the

composition of peat swamp soil which can improve our understanding and can be used in in the

peat swamp management.

Keywords: dissolved organic matter, tropical peat swamp soil, size fractionation

79


ABSTRACT - ORAL

GREEN SYNTHESIZED COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM

Blumea Balsamifera LINN. LEAVES AND ITS BIOCIDAL ACTIVITIES

AGAINST Bactrocera Dorsalis (HENDEL)

Danila S. Paragas1*, Kathlia DC. Cruz2 and Elaida R. Fiegalan3

1Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences and 3Department of Crop Protection,

College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz,

Nueva Ecija, Philippines 2School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University,

Intramuros, Manila, Philippines


Abstract

The biocidal components of sambong (Blumea balsamifera) leaves against Oriental fruit fly,

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), were extracted using four green solvents

namely: rice wine, rice wash, apple cider vinegar and distilled water employing hot infusion,

maceration, fermentation and Soxhlet extraction methods. These extracts were used in the

synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The suspensions of nanoparticles were centrifuged

and the aggregates were separated and dried. The dried aggregates and the colloidal suspensions

of copper nanoparticles were tested against male adult Oriental fruit fly. Improvised

olfactometer was used for the adulticidal activities of the nanoparticles. Results show that both

the dried aggregates and the colloidal suspensions had effects to the fruit flies with mortality

rates ranging from 25 - 100% in 12 h exposure. The dried aggregates, however, gave higher

mortality rates compared to the colloidal suspensions. Based on these results, it was concluded

that sambong can be used in the preparation of nanoparticle-enhanced biocide either as

suspension concentrate or dust or powder with suitable sorption material and can be an

alternative method in the management of Oriental fruit fly.

Keywords: biocide, Blumea balsamifera, colloidal suspension, nanoparticle, oriental fruit fly

80


ABSTRACT - ORAL

INVESTIGATION OF GLYCEROL AS CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR

FLOW ASSURANCE IN GAS PIPELINES

Belkhir Walid1, Yoann Madec1, Vinayagam Sivabalan1,2 and Bhajan Lal Rahanu1,2*

1Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia 2CO2 Research Centre (CO2RES), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia


Abstract

The problems of hydrate formation and corrosion are accounted as leading predicament faced

by the flow assurance engineers in the oil and gas industry. To overcome these issues that lead

to severe safety and economic losses, the industry is injecting different types of gas hydrate

inhibitors (GHI) and corrosion inhibitors (CI). However, GHI and CI often tend to display

antagonistic behavior, and compatible GHI and CI that have no compromises are still under

research and development. Latest researches are being done on multifunctional gas hydrate and

corrosion inhibitor (GHCl). Glycerol has been tested for its inhibition performance for both

hydrate and corrosion in various distinguished experiments. However, Glycerol's corrosion

inhibition on X52 mild steel in seawater environment have never been tested. In this work, the

corrosion inhibitor property of Glycerol on X52 metal in 3.5 wt% NaCl brine solution is

investigated and the performance is compared with commercial CI, Propargyl Alcohol (PA). The

concentrations used are 400, 600, 800, 1000, 5000, and 10000 ppm. The pH and conductivity of

Glycerol and PA have been measured and the relationship between pH, conductivity and

corrosion has been thoroughly discussed. The performance of Glycerol and PA have been

studied further based on adsorption isotherm such as Langmuir, Frumkin, Temkin and

Freundlich isotherm. The Temkin shows the best fit for adsorption isotherm.

Keywords: glycerol, propargyl alcohol, pH, conductivity, corrosion, adsorption, hydrate


81


ABSTRACT - ORAL

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL VIA Ni-DOPED

ONTO CALCINED CHICKEN EGGSHELL CATALYST

Haniza Kahar*, Muhammad Farid Fitri Kamaronzaman, Norzahir Sapawe and Nazatulshima Hassan



Malaysia


Abstract

In this research, nickel oxide metal supported onto calcined chicken eggshells (Ni-CCE) catalyst

was prepared via electrolysis method and subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) for

functional group determination. Several parameters have been conducted in order to study the

performance of Ni-CCE catalyst, such as methanol to oil molar ratio (8:1 to 24:1), metal loading

(0.1% to 1.0%), and catalyst dosage (0.91 g/L to 90.94 g/L). The results showed that the Ni-CCE

gave better performance compared to bare catalyst (no metal doped). The optimum condition

was obtained at 16:1 methanol to oil molar ratio using 9.09 g/L of 0.3%Ni-CCE catalyst under

65°C within 2 hrs of reaction time. Therefore, Ni-CCE shows a great potential as a economical

catalyst in the production of biodiesel.

Keywords: Ni-CCE catalyst, biodiesel, electrolysis, economical, FTIR analysis

82


ABSTRACT - ORAL

METALS CONCENTRATION IN FRESH AND DRIED ANCHOVY

(Encrasicholina Devisi) FROM KUALA TERENGGANU

COASTAL WATER, MALAYSIA

Nik Mohmmad Azmi Nik-Nurasyikin and Mohd Yusoff Nurulnadia*




Abstract

This study focuses on quantifying metals concentration in fresh and dried anchovy

(Encrasicholina devisi) collected from Kuala Terengganu coastal waters. The samples were

digested according to acid digestion method and analyzed for Cr (chromium), Mn (manganese),

Fe (iron), Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Zn (zinc), Ga (gallium), As (arsenic), Cd

(cadmium), and Pb (lead) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry Perkin Elmer

Elan 9000 (ICP-MS). Dried anchovies showed an increment in concentration with exceptions

for Fe and As as compared to fresh anchovies (p>0.05). The values of estimated daily intake

(EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) showed that, As levels in the dried anchovy might

possess adverse health effects to the consumer especially age between 20 to 29 years old.

Keywords: metals, anchovy, boiled water, arsenic, Kuala Terengganu

83


ABSTRACT - ORAL

INVESTIGATION OF TORREFACTION PROCESS PARAMETERS AND

CHARACTERIZATION OF TORREFIED EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES

Mohamad Azri Sukiran1,2*, Nasrin Abu Bakar2, Faisal Abnisa3, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud1,

Astimar Abdul Aziz2 and Soh Kheang Loh2

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya,

50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi,

Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia


Abstract

Torrefaction is a thermochemical process carried out in a temperature range between 200 to 300

ºC, under an inert atmosphere in the absence of oxygen or air. This pretreatment has been

recommended as an efficient way to enhance solid biofuel properties by removing the water,

reducing the hygroscopic range and increasing grindability and calorific value. The process is

influenced by many operating parameters including temperature, residence time, particle size,

type of biomass and moisture content. This study investigated the effects of torrefaction

temperature (225, 250 and 300 ºC), retention time (20, 40 and 60 min) and particle size (106-

250 and <106 µm) on the mass yield of torrefied EFB in a fixed bed reactor. Fuel properties of

torrefied EFB such as calorific value, ultimate and proximate analyses were also determined. It

was found that the highest solid yield (90.4%) was attainable after 20 min of torrefaction at 225

ºC. However, CV improved up to 25.7 MJ/kg as related to its raw form of 17.6 MJ/kg. The mass

and energy yields of torrefied EFB decreased when temperature and retention time were

increased. Particle size affects the mass yield but only to a lesser extent than temperature and

residence time. The outcomes of this study can be used to establish mass and energy balances

for the torrefaction process and serve as a foundation for its further optimization.

Keywords: torrefaction, empty fruit bunches, mass yield, calorific value, solid fuel

84


ABSTRACT - ORAL

STABILIZATION OF PEAT SOIL USING MAGNESIA OXIDE

– A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Lily Suhaila Yacob* and Amelia Md Som

Green Chemistry & Sustainable Technology Cluster, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute

of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca, Malaysia


Abstract

This research study the stabilization of peat soil from Pontian, Johor using magnesia oxide

(MgO) and garnet. Peat soil has been identified as one of the major groups of soils found in

Malaysia, which has high compressibility and low shear strength. Presence of soft or peaty soil

is a major problem in construction. In this research, Magnesia Oxide (MgO) is used as the soil

binder. This research investigates the optimum mix design of binder (Ordinary Portland Cement

and MgO) and filler (garnet and sand). The objective of this study was determined the strength

effects of of MgO on peat sample. Peat soil and binder were put inside 50 mm in diameter and

200 mm in length PVC pipe. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test were conducted to

determine the strength gain after 28 days of curing periods. The combination of OPC, MgO,

garnet and sand show better UCS value which is 273.98 kpa. The physical properties tests

conducted for this research were pH and moisture content. The pH was found to decrease with

increase binder while the optimum moisture content was found to decrease with the increase of

the binder content. The resulting low pH and insufficient moisture content may slow down the

hydration process and affect the stabilized peat soils hardening. Addition of binder altered the

engineering properties of peat soils.

Keywords: peat soil, magnesia oxide, unconfined compressive strength test, pH, moisture

content

85


ABSTRACT - ORAL

TOXICITY STUDIES OF OXIDIZED PRODUCT OF 17α-

ETHINYLESTRADIOL (EE2) WHEN UNDERGO OXIDATION WITH

CATALYTIC POLYMER-CLAY FILMS

Nur Khairunnisa binti Nazri1*, Nabilah binti Ismail2 and Fatimah binti Hashim3

1Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

Kuala Nerus, 21030, Malaysia 2Department of Biology, School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

Kuala Nerus, 21030, Malaysia


Abstract

Synthetic estrogen such as 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) known as one of the pharmaceuticals

found in waterways worldwide because of human utilization and excretion into wastewater

treatment system. In this study, catalytic polymer-clay film was used to treat EE2 the contaminate

water by concentrate and oxidize the pollutant. Polychloromethylstyrene was synthesis along

with the clay cloisite to form films which can anchor catalyst Iron-tetra amido microcylic ligand

(Fe-TAML). Fe-TAML works efficiently with hydrogen peroxide to activate the iron to higher

oxidation state for a film performance. Polymer-clay then was cast, cured, cross-linked and

functionalized to form a film that can bind the catalyst into it. Characterization of the films was

done by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to determine the presence of the functional

group; and viscometer to investigate the viscosity which helps to treat EE2. Furthermore, the

toxicity studies of the oxidize product of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) when undergo oxidation

with catalytic polymer-clay films was investigated by using Acanthamoeba to determine the

toxicity of the oxidized solution towards the environment. The toxicity studies show that the film

was less toxic towards the environment. Hence, this film contributes in solving the problems

regarding contaminated water.

Keywords: 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), Fe-TAML, polychloromethylstyrene, catalytic poymer

clay

86


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SYNTHESIS OF NICKEL SUPPORTED ONTO CALCINED COCKLE SHELL

CATALYST FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Aiman Nazmi Rosli*, Muhd Hasyir Mirza Dazriman and Norzahir Sapawe



Malaysia


Abstract

In this study, the nickel supported calcined cockle shell (Ni-CCS) catalyst was synthesized using

sol-gel method. The FTIR analysis was conducted and confirmed the presence of CaO and Ni.

The result showed a maximum yield of 80.1% at catalyst loading of 10%Ni-CaO with 6:1

methanol to oil ratio at temperature of 59 oC for 3 h. Therefore, the Ni-CCS catalyst could be a

promising catalyst for biodiesel production.

Keywords: catalyst, biodiesel, nickel oxide, cockle shell, sol-gel process, transesterification

87


ABSTRACT - ORAL

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIO OIL DERIVED FROM CONVENTIONAL

AND MICROWAVE PYROLYSIS

Noor Afiqah Mohd*, Siti Nurul Atikah Abdul Halim and Afifah Abd. Rahim

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology,

78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka


Abstract

This study investigated the effect of reaction temperature on conventional and microwave

pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and rice husk (RH) pellets. The experiments were carried

out at 500 and 800°C. It was revealed that temperature and heating method exert a significant

influence on product yield and distributions. Microwave pyrolysis resulted in 30-70% increase

in bio oil production compared to conventional pyrolysis. Conventional pyrolysis oils contained

significant amount of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared to a lighter mono-

aromatics compounds found in microwave pyrolysis oils. Phenols constituted the majority of bio

oil composition, with increasing trend at high temperature particularly in microwave pyrolysis.

This implies the potential for rich syngas and environmental-friendly bio oil production through

microwave pyrolysis.

Keywords: pyrolysis, bio-oil, biomass, microwave

88


ABSTRACT - ORAL

CHEMOSENSOR DEVELOPMENT FOR COBALT ION RECOGNITION

USING 2-ACETYLPYRAZINE THIOSEMICARBAZONE: EXPERIMENTAL

AND THEORETICAL APPROACH

Hakimah Ismail, Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad and Erna Normaya Abdullah*

Experimental and Theoretical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,

Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia


Abstract

A selective and sensitive chemosensor for recognizing Co2+ in water sample was optimized from

a heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone derivative named 2-acetylpyrazine thiosemicarbazone (AT).

The optimization of AT as chemosensor was conducted through RSM experiments using UV-

Vis spectroscopy. The interaction between AT and Co2+ was found to be optimum in 8:2 v/v

DMSO/water at pH 5.3, 100:70 μM AT/Co2+ concentration and 15 minutes reaction time. AT-

Co2+ interaction showed colorimetric response from colourless to orange, together with peak-

shifting in the absorption spectra from 327 nm to 450 nm. The detection limit of AT towards

Co2+ was found to be 3.75 μM while the binding stoichiometry of AT-Co2+ was 2:1. The

practicality of AT as chemosensor was tested using three different water samples spiked with

Co2+ in the optimized condition. The chemical interaction between AT and Co2+ was further

studied through computational studies. DFT calculations for molecular electron potential (MEP),

Fukui function and HOMO-LUMO interaction were used to support the experimental results.

Keywords: chemosensor, cobalt ion, 2-acetylpyrazine thiosemicarbazone, UV-Vis

spectroscopy, RSM, DFT calculation

89


ABSTRACT - ORAL

CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZES OF RAW

WASTE TYRE THROUGH PROXIMATE, ULTIMATE AND

THERMAL ANALYSIS FOR FUEL PRODUCTION

Dzuhairy Ab. Taleb1,2*, Muzafar Zulkifli1, Raja Razuan Raja Deris2, Hamidah Abd Hamid1 and

Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya1

1Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET),

78000 Alor Gajah, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

This study evaluated the characteristics of raw waste tyre based on the proximate, ultimate and

thermal analysis. The raw waste tyre was pre-dried and crushed to 18 and 40 mesh sizes. The

proximate result indicates that larger particles of raw waste tyre sample by using 18 mesh screen

has a higher volatile matter and ash content than smaller particles. In contrast, the smaller

particles by using 40 mesh showed a higher fixed carbon content, with a resulting higher calorific

value. The ultimate analysis results also showed higher carbon content in the sample of smaller

particles than the larger particles. The thermal analysis of the two samples indicates that the

larger particle size took longer time to degrade than the smaller particle size. From the results, it

was concluded that a strategy of improving the feedstock quality by processing the raw waste

tyre to a smaller particle size could enhance the pyrolysis process and hence improve the yield

of fuel production.

Keywords: elemental analysis, proximate analysis, thermal analysis, particle size



90


ABSTRACT - ORAL

WASTE GLASS BASED CATALYSTS FOR PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL

Tanussha Tamil Selvan1 and Tan Yen Ping1,2*

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Laboratory 128, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,


*Corresponding Authors: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

The growing concern for environmental preservation combined with the possibility of depletion

of energy obtained from fossil fuels has driven industry to develop alternative fuels from

renewable resources and environmentally non-aggressive processes. Biodiesel is an important

alternative fuel whose properties are similar to those of petrodiesel. The present study focuses

on the transesterification of cooking oil into biodiesel using glass waste (GW) as a solid base

catalyst. The GW catalyst was prepared by calcination at 600ºC for 3 hours to facilitate doping

with monovalent, bivalent and trivalent compounds. The prepared GW catalysts were

characterized using the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), which proved the existence of silicon

dioxide; Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), indicated the minimal weight loss in the samples;

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to check for the functional groups

present and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed images of the surface of GW catalyst.

The optimum reaction conditions determined are reaction time of 2 hours, methanol to oil ratio

of 1:6 and GW catalyst dosage of 0.3% to obtain maximum biodiesel yield up to 90%.

Furthermore, the GW catalyst has relatively good stability and strong ability to be reused for up

to three cycles without significant deactivation.

Keywords: biodiesel, transesterification, glass waste (GW), calcination

91


ABSTRACT - ORAL

EXTRACTION OF 4-OCTYLPHENOL AND 4-NONYLPHENOL FROM

RIVER WATER USING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH

PEFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Mohd Zahid Baharom, Nurulnadia Mohd Yusoff*, Marinah Mohd Ariffin and Wan Mohd Afiq Wan

Mohd Khalik

School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu



Abstract

A preliminary analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with high

performance liquid chromatography – photometric diode array (HPLC-PDA) was developed to

determine the mixture of 4-octylphenol (4-OP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in river water samples.

The optimum working conditions were secured with 200 ml sample loading and eluted with 10

ml of methanol and acetone (1:1, v/v) as reconstitution solvents. Acetonitrile and deionized water

(80:20) were used as mobile phase and 225 nm as the optimum wavelength. Good linearity for

the mixture of 4-OP and 4-NP were obtained in the range of 0.0015 – 0.008 mg/L and the

regression coefficient, R2, were 0.9586 and 0.9170, respectively. Limit of detections and

quantifications for 4-OP and 4-NP were calculated at LOD = 0.7 and 1.6 µg/L and LOQ = 2.3

and 5.2 µg/L, respectively. The recovery percentages obtained for 4-OP was calculated with 81.1

± 4.85% and 4-NP with 37.0 ± 6.41%. Repeatability for 4-OP and 4-NP have shown good

performance with low relative standard deviation with 5.20% and 2.53%, respectively. The

measured concentration of 4-OP was ranged from 0.81 to 1.4 µg/L and 4-NP was detected below

detection limit (<1.6 µg/L). Overall, the method proposed was sensitive towards 4-OP but

improvement of method needed to be done for 4-NP.

Keywords: 4-octyphenol, 4-nonylphenol, emerging pollutant, SPE, water quality, HPLC-PDA.


92


ABSTRACT - ORAL

TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID REMOVAL OF PALM OIL MILL

EFFLUENT (POME) VIA OPTIMIZATION OF MODIFIED

ELECTROCOAGULATION

Rusmawarni Ramli* and Mohammad Fadhil Alias

Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of

Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Kawasan Industri Taboh Naning,

78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia


Abstract

Wastewater defined as 99.0% of water and 1.0% of solid content. Lately in Malaysia’s especially

there are a lot of research majoring in wastewater treatment focusing on the costing reduction

demand and to improve the quality of water discharge. Removal of total suspended solid (TSS)

is one of criteria stressed in the wastewater treatment since TSS surely make the other parameters

such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and odour poorly

are out of the range which have stated in the Malaysia regulation and acts for both domestic and

industry effluent respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in order to

optimize three significant variables in order to remove the total suspended solids in palm oil mill

effluent (POME). At the end of validation of optimum condition, 85.3% of TSS content in the

POME were removed using electrocoagulation applied. The optimum condition of significant

variables study were time of coagulation process at 23.2 minutes, followed by stirring factor at

only 15 rpm and dilution factor of POME itself at ratio 1:102 mg/L.

Keywords: response surface methodology (RSM), optimization, palm oil mill effluent (POME),

total suspended solid (TSS), coagulation, wastewater treatment

93


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY

SYNTHESIS OF DITHIOCARBAZATE TRANSITION METAL SCHIFF

BASE COMPLEXES AND ITS CATALYTIC STUDY OF

CYCLOHEXANE OXIDATION

Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir*, Ali Ahmed Alshaheri, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman and

Thahira Begum

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,

Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Schiff bases and their complexes can act as catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of organic

compounds. Schiff base complexes of transition metals can be used for catalytic oxidation of

hydrocarbons in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and hydrogen peroxide. The

oxidation of cyclohexane is an important oxidation reaction for industrial applications as their

products; cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol also known as K-A oil, are very important for the

production of nylon 6,6 and nylon-6 polymers, plastics, lubricant additives, fibers and are

intermediate for pharmaceuticals. In this work, dithiocarbazate Schiff bases derived from the

condensation of S-methyldithiocarbazate (SMDTC) and S-benzyldithiocarbazate (SBDTC) with

2,6-diacetylpyridine (diAP) and 1,3-diacetylbenzene (diAC) and their Ni(II), Cu(II), Fe(II),

Co(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) complexes have been successfully synthesized in ethanol and

characterized using several physico-chemical techniques. The oxidation of cyclohexane by the

prepared metal complexes as catalysts has been investigated in the presence of tert-

butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidative source under mild

conditions at 4h, 70ºC, 0.09 mmol catalyst and 20 mmol oxidant. The product was analysed

using gas chromatography and it was found that cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone are the main

products for the oxidation reaction. All the transition metal complexes of the Schiff bases showed

activity toward oxidation of cyclohexane. Time of the reaction, temperature, and the

concentration of TBHP and catalyst influenced the selectivity and conversion of the cyclohexane

oxidation.

Keywords: dithiocarbazate, Schiff base, complex, transition metal, cyclohexane, oxidation

94


ABSTRACT - ORAL

DIRECT CARBOXYLATION OF CRUDE GLYCEROL OVER LANTHANUM

OXIDE AND IMPACT OF IMPURITIES

Nurul Ashraf Razali1*, Marco Conte2 and James McGregor3

1School of Ocean Engineering, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

2Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK 3Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street,

Sheffield S1 3JD, UK


Abstract

The commercialisation of biodiesel has generated large amount of crude glycerol reaching 8.41

million tons per year, and the concentration of CO2 has continuously increased above 411 ppm

in February 2019. The aim of this work is to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and crude glycerol

into glycerol carbonate in the presence of La2O3.Crude glycerol consists of glycerol, methanol,

residual catalyst from biodiesel synthesis, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and water. The

presence of these impurities limit the direct conversion of crude glycerol and a low selectivity

to glycerol carbonate. The selectivity to glycerol carbonate when using crude glycerol is

significantly reduced to 2.3% as compared to employing pure glycerol, 17%. Model systems

consisting of pure glycerol and water, methanol, FAME (methyl palmitate, 97%), and sodium

methoxide have been prepared and used as reaction media to systematically evaluate their effect.

Addition of methanol to glycerol improved the GlyC selectivity; and may be related to improve

mass transfer through enhancing the miscibility of glycerol and CO2. In contrast, the addition of

1 wt.% NaOMe, 10 wt.% water and 10 wt.% FAME all have a negative impact on selectivity to

GlyC reducing this to 11%, 3% and 1% respectively. A high conversion of glycerol, > 73%, and

low selectivity to GlyC, > 4%, were observed upon the addition of methyl palmitate. It is

assumed that the addition of FAME was promoted the glycerolysis of methyl ester. The

separation of FAMEs and crude glycerol is crucial in order to obtain high purity of crude

glycerol, thus improved the chances of the production of GlyC from the direct carboxylation of

crude glycerol. Addition of methanol has a positive impact on selectivity to glycerol carbonate;

hence, 5 wt.% methanol to crude glycerol resulted in an increased in selectivity to 10%; this is

coupled with a decrease in glycerol conversion to 38%. It is crucial to be cautious when

comparing selectivities among different reactions as the overall conversions achieved differ

significantly.

Keywords: heterogeneous catalysis, glycerol, glycerol carbonate, CO2 utilisation, lanthanum

oxide

95


ABSTRACT - ORAL

OPTIMIZATION OF MONTMORILLONITE K10 ION-EXCHANGE WITH

Fe3+ FOR THE APPLICATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Syahirah Yahya1 and Farah Wahida Harun1,2*

1Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan

2Frontier Materials Research Group, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM),

Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia


Abstract

The modification of montmorillonite K10 with Fe3+ was investigated in terms of optimum ion-

exchange. The montmorillonite K10 was modified using 0.5 M (method 1) and 1.0 M (method

2) FeCl3 by simply stiring method with closed cap system. As improvement, the modification

method was upgraded by using 20 % FeCl3 by simply stirring up to mold, slury mixture (Method

3). The capacity of ion exchange was tested by using SEM/EDX. It was found that 1.21 % Fe

composition increased by using method 1 and 2.66 % Fe increased by using method 2. The

highest Fe was detected by using method 3 with 5.23 % increment. As the correlation, the effect

of Fe increment on acidity was studied by using TPD-NH3. Naturally, the montmorillonite K10

possessed 0.232 mmol/g of acidity. The result found that the acidity increased with the increasing

of metal concentration and the highest acidity was detected by 20% Fe-MMT K10 (14.261

mmol/g). The application of montmorillonite K10 on biodiesel production increased the yield

up to 38.39 % compared to reaction without catalyst (26.80 %). 66.54 % and 69.32 % biodiesel

produced from 0.5M and 1.0M Fe-MMT K10 while an outstanding yield was produced by using

20 % Fe-MMT K10 (84.58 %). Therefore, 20 % Fe-MMT 10 was selected for further biodiesel

optimization via conventional method. 96.49 % biodiesel was succesfully produced with 28.65

% free fatty acid conversion at 150 °C, 6 h, 12:1 methanol:oil and 4 wt %. The investigations on

free fatty acid conversion and fatty acid methyl esters yield proved the bi-functional criterion of

Montmorillonite K10 that can be used for both esterification and transesterification reactions,

simultaneously.

Keywords: montmorillonite K10, ion-exchange, Iron (III) ion (Fe3+), simultaneous

esterification-transesterification, biodiesel, waste cooking oil

96


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 7-HYDROXYCOUMARIN

CONTAINING NEW TYPE OF PHTHALOCYANINE COMPOUNDS AND

INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Aminu Dauda*

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156,

Jigawa State, Nigeria


Abstract

In this research, phthalonitrile was synthesized from the reaction of 7-hydroxycoumarin with

3-nitrophthalonitrile in DMF. Cyclotetramerization of phthalonitrile in the presence of metal

salts, (Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Fe(II)) gave peripherally substituted metal phthalocyanine

complexes. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by a combination

of microanalysis, 1H NMR, UV-Vis, and FT-IR spectrophotometry. Solubility of metal

phthalocyanine complexes found to be very low in common laboratory solvent. The electronic

spectrum of NiPc, CuPc, and ZnPc in DMF, shows intense Q absorption at 690 nm. The Q

band absorptions were observed at 678 nm, for CoPc, and FePc. The thermal stability of the

phthalocyanine derivatives was checked by T.G.A. It was, therefore, concluded that the metal

phthalocyanines prepared in this study showed suitably high thermal stability and can be used

for various applications.

Keywords: phthalocyanine, 3-phthalonitrile, electrochemistry, thermal analysis

97


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF 4-NITROPHENYLPALMITATE BY

CANDIDA RUGOSA LIPASE ENCAPSULATED WITHIN ZIF-8

Noor Fazrieyana Hamidon1, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir2, Muhammad Alif Mohamad Latif 1,3,

Emilia Abdulmalek1,2 and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1,2*

1Biorganic Synthesis Lab, Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti

Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,



Abstract

Ester hydrolysis has been extensively studied using catalyst and biocatalyst. Throughout

research, catalytic activity of encapsulated lipase within ZIF-8 particles were confirmed by

powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and

Transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX). Prior to be used

in fine chemical reaction, the activity of the trapped lipase was studied on hydrolysis of p-

nitrophenylpalmitate. The yellow colored product was detected at 401 nm. The optimization of

selected parameters including temperature, lipase loading within ZIF-8 particles and rotational

speed were done and the optimized conditions are 40 mg of CRL@ZIF-8, 200 rpm rotational

speed at 70oC for 30 minutes reaction. The relative activity of CRL@ZIF-8 are higher than free

CRL showing the amazing performance in the presence of ZIF-8 as the protecting capsule

against extreme condition thus affecting their performance in better way.

Keywords: lipase, encapsulated lipase, ZIF-8, p-nitrophenylpalmitate


98


ABSTRACT - ORAL

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDATIVE

EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SELECTED CURCUMA SPECIES

Noor Izzatie Munira Kamaruddin1, Nor Azah Mohd Ali2, Zaidah Zainal Ariffin3 and Muhd Fauzi

Safian4*

1,3,4 Faculty of Applied Science Univesiti Teknologi Mara, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

2 Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor


Abstract

The essential oils (EOs) were extracted by hydrodistillation with percentage a yield of 1.3053%,

0.7106% and 0.7744%, from rhizomes of C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria respectively. The

primary chemical constituents of C. longa were ar-turmerone (34.07%), (Z)-γ-atlantone

(10.84%) and para-cymene (5.50%); for C.caesia essential oil were curzerene (21.75%),

germacrone (16%) and camphor (15.5%); and lastly for C.zedoaria were camphor (15.04%),

curzerenone (9.80%) and α-zingiberene (9.48%); which were observed and analyzed gas

chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass

spectrometry (GC-MS) system. In antimicrobial activity, three methods were applied, namely,

well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal

concentration (MBC). C. longa demonstrated no sensitivity, while C. caesia and C. zedoaria

demonstrated moderate to low sensitivity toward Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Bacillus cereus

(ATCC 11778), Salmonella spp. (ATCC 14028) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 13048).

In contrast, C. longa demonstrated moderate to low sensitivity while C. caesia and C. zedoaria

demonstrated no sensitivity Aspergillus spp. (ATCC 16404) and Penicillium spp (ATCC 10106).

MIC for C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria to constrain the growth of gram positive and gram

negative bactreria are 100 µg/ml, 100-400 µg/ml and 200-400 µg/ml respectively. The MBC for

C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria are 200-300 µg/ml, 200-300 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml. The

average total phenolic content for C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria are 0.14 ± 0.01, 0.07 ±

0.01 and 0.17 ± 0.00 expressed in GAE/g unit respectively. The average of ferric reducing

antioxidant activity for C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria are 0.15 ± 0.01 µM TE/g, 0.12 ±

0.18 µM TE/g and 0.30 ± 0.01 µM TE/g respectively. Inhibition (%) of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-

picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical by scavenging activityn for C. longa, C. caesia and C. zedoaria

are 77.74%, 86.35% and 57.18% respectively. C. zedoaria showed the highest antioxidant

activity with 2.22 ± 0.35 µg/ml, which indicate an average β-carotene bleaching assay followed

by C. longa and C.caesia with 2.19 ± 0.07 µg/ml and 1.84 ± 0.15 µg/ml respectively. In

conclusion, the results presented here demonstrate that curcuma essential oil could be considered

as a natural source for antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Keywords: curcuma longa, curcuma zedoaria, curcuma caesia, antimicrobial, antioxidant, 1,1-

diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)

99


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ENHANCEMENT OF MOLECULAR IMPRINTED CORE-SHELL

MICROSPHERE RESPONSE TO VANILLIN BY DELAYED

TERPOLYMERIZATION

Nor Nadiah Mohamad Yusof1*, Takaomi Kobayashi2 and Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim3

1*Section of Polymer Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988

Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka. Malaysia 2Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1,

Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188 Japan 3School of Chemical Sciences, 11800, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia


Abstract

Vanillin-imprinted microspheres of terpolymerized methacrylic acid (MAA)-co-vanillin

methacrylate (VMA) has been prepared on polydivinylbenzene spheres by step-wise

precipitation polymerization with delayed monomer addition. The homogeneous solution of

divinylbenzene (DVB) was first polymerized at 65oC in an acetone/water mixture for the cored

sphere formation. Both MAA and VMA were then added to the precipitated DVB solution with

delayed times of 0, 2.5, 3 and 6 hours. After the terpolymer mixture was kept at room temperature

for 24 hours, the resulting spherical microspheres were purified. The spherical size of

terpolymers was determined with laser diffraction and found to be approximately 1.2 µm in

diameter. The terpolymers were then used for separation of vanillin mixture solution which

contained vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and syringaldehyde. The binding efficiency of the

imprinted microspheres increased with a delayed time of 3 hours. Overall, a binding efficiency

of 78 mmol/g was achieved. The imprinted activity for vanillin recognition was influenced by

the terpolymerization process.

Keywords: vanillin-imprinted microspheres, delayed terpolymerization, separation factor


100


ABSTRACT - ORAL

EFFECT OF THERMAL PRO-OXIDANT AND CARBON BLACK

SUBSTITUTION ON PHOTO-THERMAL DEGRADATION OF

LDPE/BIOCHAR COMPOSITES

Khaliesah Abbas1, Muhammad Aiman Sukri1, Raja Nazrul Hakim Raja Nazri1, Siew Kooi Ong1

Soh Kheang Loh2 and Robert Thomas Bachmann1*

1Section of Polymer and Environmental Engineering Technology, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute

of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur,

78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia 2Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6,

Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Thermal pro-oxidant additive is commonly used to induce degradation of low-density

polyethylene (LDPE) based polybags and mulching films. The presence of ultraviolet (UV)

stabilizer of maximum 1.0 wt. % is added into the polybags or mulching films to extend its

service life. Carbon black which functions as filler and UV stabilizer is incorporated in these

applications. Our study explores the possibility to substitute the fossil-fuel based carbon black

with renewable carbonized palm kernel shells (BC). The UV stabilizing capability of BC is

unknown thus, various loading of thermal pro-oxidant and its effect on the biotic degradation of

LDPE will be the focus of this study. The biocomposite prepared consist of low-density

polyethylene (LDPE) mixed with BC and ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer at 20 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%,

respectively while varying thermal pro-oxidant loading (0 to 1.0 wt.%). Virgin LDPE was used

as negative control. The photo-thermal degradation of the biocomposites was induced in an air

convection oven at 50°C under ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. The melting point (Tm) and degree

of crystallinity (Xc) of the biocomposites were determined by differential scanning calorimetry

(DSC) prior and after the photo-thermal degradation induction. The results showed that the

melting point and Xc of LDPE/BC were not affected by thermal pro-oxidant loadings prior to

the photo-thermal degradation induction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results

revealed that the carbonyl index for all biocomposites samples incorporated with thermal pro-

oxidant showed significant changes after 1488 hrs in a concentration – dependent manner. The

biocomposites with 1.0 wt.% thermal pro oxidant loading was the fastest to reached

embrittlement point of 0.3 at 1872 hrs.

Keywords: abiotic degradation, photo-thermal degradation, pro-oxidant, polyethylene, carbon

black, biochar

101


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF AQUOUES INFUSION

AND JUICING OF BENTONG GINGER

T.A Faiz T. Anuar1*, Fiona How Ni Foong1* and Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir2

1Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science

2Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science International Islamic University Malaysia,

Kuantan Campus, 25200 IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia


Abstract

Cancer is a rising global epidemic that is the leading cause of dead. In Malaysia, breast and colon

cancer is the highest cancer cases according to statistics. Ginger, a herbal plant utilized either in

cooking or as medicine have been known to possess cytotoxic properties through solvent

extraction soxhlet method. To date, there is no report on the cytotoxic properties of aqueous

infusion and juicing extracts. Thus, this study will focus on the aqueous infusion and juice

extraction as to provide ginger as ethno medicine to treat cancer. In this research, bentong ginger,

a native ginger cultured in Malaysia was extracted using infusion method with distilled water at

temperature of 60 ºC and 98 ºC and also juicing method. Then, cytotoxic activities were

evaluated against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and colon cancer cell line (HT-29) using MTT

method. The antioxidant, DPPH scavenging activity and total phenolic content, TPC, are also

conducted to support the cytotoxic properties of the bentong ginger. It is found that all the extract

exhibit potent cytotoxic agent with good antioxidant properties.

Keywords: antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity, aqueous infusion, juicing, bentong ginger



102


ABSTRACT - ORAL

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND

FLAVONOID CONTENTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PSEUDOBULB OF

DENDROBIUM CRUMENATUM SWARTZ

Siti Aisyah Mohamed Diah1*, Nur Hidayah Abd Razak1, Nabilah Ismail1, Nurhayati Yusuf1,

Nurul Aliaa Idris1, Razifah Mohd Razali1, Zamzahaila Mohd Zain2 and Nurul Ulfah Karim3.

1School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

2School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 3School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia


Abstract

Orchids are nature's most extravagant group of flowering epiphyte distributed throughout the

world from tropics to high alpine. Orchid value due to its therapeutic value and upon consumed

by ancient folks as tonic and fever remedies especially those originate from Dendrobium genus.

Dendrobium crumenatum swartz. or known as pegion orchid is one of the famous orchid species

due to the presence of secondary metabolites in this plant such as alkaloid, flavonoid, and

phenolic compounds which give medicinal values toward this epiphyte. This orchid is easily

grown but has low commercial value due to its small white flowers that do not interest orchid

enthusiasts. Qualitative study which is phytochemical screening on the extract have been done

to test the presence of secondary metabolites in ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum. Quantitative

study towards crude ethanolic extract such as total phenolic content and total flavonoid content

have been assessed. The presence of active compounds in the extract lead to the positive results

of antioxidant activity which have been done through DPPH assay, FRAP assay, hydrogen

peroxide scavenging assay, and total antioxidant activity. Studies have shown that ethanolic

extract of D. Crumenatum exhibit potential antioxidant activity in retarding the free radical chain

due to the presence of active secondary metabolites.

Keywords: pegion orchid, phytochemical screening, secondary metabolites, antioxidant

activity.

103


ABSTRACT - ORAL

CHEMICALLY MODIFIED BENTONITE EFFECT THE PREPARATION AND

PROPERTIES OF POLYSTYRENE-BASED COMPOSITES

Noor Faizah Che Harun*, Ain Nazira Mohamad Nazri, Raja Nazrul Hakim and Yusriah Lazim1

Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET)

Lot 1988, Taboh Naning Vendor City, 78000, Alor Gajah, Malacca, Malaysia


Abstract

Polymer composite is a promising hybrid material that was tremendously been studied in various

fields of application. Polystyrene is one of favorite polymer that had been used in producing

polymer composite with silica, alumina, and other inorganic substances through several

syntheses approaches. In this study, the preparation and properties of polystyrene (PS)-bentonite

using chemically modified bentonite with a quartenary ammonium surfactant, centrimonium

bromide (CTAB) had been investigated. In this study, two synthesis methods had been used to

prepare PS/bentonite, i.e., (a) emulsion polymerization of styrene in order to investigate the

surfactant functionality of CTAB, and (b) bulk polymerization of styrene in order to investigate

the initiator functionality of CTAB. PS-bentonite had been prepared at 1%, 2% and 6% of

bentonite feeding ratio to styrene for both methods. As the results, PS-bentonite could not be

prepared through emulsion polymerization in aqueous medium at any feeding ratios of bentonite

to styrene. However, interestingly PS-bentonite was succesfully be prepared through bulk

polymerization of styrene. FTIR and TGA analyses were conducted for PS-bentonite that

prepared at feeding ratio 2% in order to confirm the functional group and the thermal stability

of obtained polymer composite. The results showed that PS-bentonite clay functional group

appeared in FTIR analysis at the expected peak confirmed the inclusion of bentonite in the PS

matrix. Moreover, TGA results showed the enhancement in the onset temperature of PS-

bentonite (2%) at 452.81°C. In conclusion, the chemically modified bentonite with CTAB

successfully performed the bulk polymerization and shows the enhancement in thermal stability

of polymer composites.

Keywords: polymer composites, CTAB-bentonite, emulsion polymerization, bulk

polymerization,

104


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND CYTOTOXICITY STUDY OF

3,5-DISUBSTITUTED THIADIAZINE DERIVATIVES

Dayang Fatin Nadhirah Abang Sapani* and Fiona How Ni Foong

Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science,

International Islamic University Malaysia (Kuantan Campus), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah,

Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia


Abstract

Thiadiazine and their substituted derivatives have drawn attention due to their versatility to be

customized into various structures and exhibit many biological applications. Most of the

thiadiazine derivatives have been synthesised and applied in many applications such as

antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, antiprotozoan, antidermatophytic and also a

prodrug for antihelmintic activity. This study aimed to synthesise four new derivatives of

thiadiazine via one-pot reaction using carbon disulphide, potassium hydroxide and amines of

benzylamine and 3-picolylamine as the substituents. These substituted derivatives were

characterised using various physico-chemical characterisation that includes, melting point

determination, CHNS elemental analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, 1H & 13C NMR spectroscopy and

single crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic properties of these derivatives were also evaluated

against two types of cancer cell lines, which were Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) and Human

Colon Cancer (HT29). Derivatives containing more nitrogen atoms, which has 3-picolylamine

as substituent on both sides of the core structure of thiadiazine showed better effect on the

cytotoxicity than lesser ones. This is due to the increase of lipophilicity of the thiadiazine

structure thus improve the activity of their substituted derivatives.

Keywords: thiadiazine, tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione, synthesis, cytotoxicity

105


ABSTRACT - ORAL

BIOANALYSIS

IN-VITRO DISSOLUTION BEHAVIOR AND DATA VALIDATION OF

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN KACIP FATIMAH AS HERBAL PRODUCTS

COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN MARKETS

Noorazwani Zainol1*, Nazurah Mohd Azman2, Mohd Eeyad Arief Mohd Nor Asri3 and Harisun Yaakob1

1Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),

81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 2 Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Pasir Gudang,

81750, Masai, Malaysia 3Faculty Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,

21300, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia


Abstract

Dissolution behaviour of active ingredients has a significant effect on their pharmacological

activity. In fact, it is considered as one of the most important quality control tests to predict their

bioavailability. In this study dissolution profile was carried out using model independent

included ratio test and fit factors comply with FDA guidelines. The parameters of test ratio are

mean dissolution time (MDT) and dissolution efficiency (DE) while the fit factors are difference

factor (f1) and similar factor (f2). These parameters were employed to compare in-vitro

dissolution behaviour which were tested using different media; 0.1 M HCl, 30% EtOH, acetate

buffer (pH 4.8) and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Three brands of Kacip Fatimah (I,II,III) were

compared. The active ingredients namely galic acid in all samples was also validated using a

reverse-phase HPLC. Results obtained indicate that the dissolution efficiency for active

ingredients for all brands were not significantly different however, gallic acid in all brands

showed the highest solubility in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 compared to the other three media used.

Meanwhile, product I showed the highest amount of galic acid released compared to product II

and product III. Using fit factors, all brands showed similarity in results. Contents of the galic

acid for all samples analysed via HPLC were close in the formulation based on daily doses. Both

results from in-vitro dissolution and HPLC test could be applied for quality control of active

ingredients for Kacip Fatimah as herbal medicinal products available in markets.

Keywords: model independent method, in-vitro dissolution behaviour, quality control, herbal

medicinal products

106


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SCREENING OF NATURAL COLOURS FROM VARIOUS NATURAL

RESOURCES AS A POTENTIAL OF RE-USEABLE VISUAL

INDICATOR

Mohd Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim1*, Nurdiyana Husin2, Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor 2,

Ismail Fitry Mohammad Rashedi3 and Zaida Rahayu Yet 1

1 Section of Technical Foundation, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and

Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca 2Section of Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and

Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca 3 Faculty of Science and Food Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang,

43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor


Abstract

Natural colours have emerged as an alternative source of colours due to the high demand and

public sensitivity towards the risk of using synthetic colors. However, the scientific literature

that relates to bio-colour as a tool for food freshness detection is still limited. This study aims to

screen of natural colours from butterfly pea, red cabbage, turmeric, and beetroot as a visual

indicator in monitoring the food freshness. The study was carried out in three stages, which are

the extraction of natural colour, the absorption of natural colours on the paper indicator, and the

application of visual indicators on the real sample. The results showed that all visual indicators

changed their colours towards the spoilage of meat in 24 hours of monitoring at room

temperature. The most significant colour changed was observed on the natural colour from

butterfly pea as compared with other natural resources. HS-SPME-GC analysis confirmed the

present of methylamine as the main volatile compound from the spoilage meat, which

contributes to the colour changed of the visual indicators. FTIR analysis of used indicators

indicated the presence of amine compound (N-H) which aligned with the result of HS-SPME-

GC. The used visual indicators turned back to initial colour and characteristic, which provide the

possibility for the fabrication of re-useable visual indicators in the future.

Keywords: natural colour, visual indicator, meat freshness

107


ABSTRACT - ORAL

PHYSICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF

FUNCTIONAL PH PROBE PVC MEMBRANE FOR DETERMINATION

OF TOTAL ALKALINITY

Azrilawani Ahmad*, Noor Sheryna Jusoh, Marinah Mohd Ariffin and Hafiza Mohamed Zuki




Abstract

A pH probe membrane was successfully synthesised using polyvinyl chloride (PVC),

chromoionophore I (CI), different additives (KTFPB and ETH500), plasticiser o-nitrophenyl

octyl ether (NPOE) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Membrane casting method was applied during

the preparation of the membrane. In order to evaluate the performance of the functional PVC

membrane, physical characterisation such as scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total

reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), ultraviolet-visible

spectroscopy (UV-Vis), fluorescence spectroscopy and tensile were conducted. Electrochemical

characterisation was carried out using glassy carbon and gold electrodes, in order to identify the

presence of electroactive species and to examine the behaviour of the membrane under

electrochemical environment. The voltammetric measurement was conducted in 2.5 mM

ferricyanide/ferrocyanide in 0.1 M KCl redox probe, at potential range of -0.2 - +0.6 V with the

scan rate of 50 mV/s. The performance of PVC membrane using different additives was

compared and analysed.

Keywords: polymeric functional membrane, PVC, voltammetry, total alkalinity

108


ABSTRACT - ORAL

PRELIMINARY STUDY IN DISCOVERING 2-GERANYLPHENOL FROM

LANSIUM DOMESTICUM LEAVES AS OXIDATION AND TYROSINASE

INHIBITOR FOR ANTI-AGING AND SKIN WHITENING AGENTS:

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY

Nur Diana Abdul Razak1, Erna Normaya Abdullah1, Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah2, Kamaruzzaman Yunus1

and Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad1*

1Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science,

International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resource Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan,

Pahang, Malaysia


Abstract

Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor have been recognized as one of the most important ingredients used

in cosmetic industries. These ingredients are commonly utilized to counter skin concern faced by middle-

aged woman regarding aging and hyperpigmentation problems. Phenolic compounds were identified to

be one of the effective compound that can exert both antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. Therefore,

this research sought to identify a novel phenolic compound from Lansium domestium (L. domesticum)

leaves as a new potential antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitors. The phenolic compounds were extracted

using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique following the treatment combinations by response

surface methodology (RSM) that investigated the possible interaction between three variables which were

pressure (2900 - 4300 psi), temperature (40 - 70 ℃) and extraction time (60 - 120 min). The optimized

extraction variables were found at 3800 psi, 53 ℃ and 90 min. The overall model was significant (p <

0.05) with satisfactory R2 value of 0.9997. The combination of GC-MS and PCA method showed several

phenolic compounds were present in the L. domesticum leaves extracts and 2-geranylphenol was predicted

to be tyrosinase inhibitor because it showed considerable chemical properties with the control,

hydroquinone. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay

using different concentration of L. domesticum leaves extracts. The highest antioxidant activity was

observed at 300 ppm of the plant extract. The COSMO-RS result also confirmed that the 2-geranylphenol

was successfully extracted by using carbon dioxide as solvent. MEP and molecular docking were done

to identify and investigate the key structural features of 2-geranylphenol that are important for their

activity and the interaction that contribute to tyrosinase inhibition respectively. The overall result showed

that 2-geranylphenol has a potential to replace hydroquinone as tyrosinase inhibitor in cosmetic industry.

Keywords: Salasa Adulis, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), response surface methodology (RSM),

COSMO RS, molecular docking

109


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ATLANTIC MACKEREL (SCOMBER

SCOMBRUS SP) AND MIXED FISH PROCESSING WASTE STREAMS

BY LIPID PEROXIDATION INHIBITION AND RADICAL

SCAVENGING ACTIVITY

Nor Raihana Mohamed Zam*




Abstract

The fish processing waste protein hydrolysate can be a potential solution for minimizing the

environmental issues related to marine processing products, and act as an alternative to

producing value added fish processing by products. The main aim of this study was to investigate

the physicochemical properties of fish processing waste streams from Atlantic Mackerel

(Scomber scombrus) and mixed fish by membrane separation. Protein hydrolysates of Atlantic

Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and mixed fish from fish waste streams were prepared by

enzymatic hydrolysis using pepsin and pancreatin and measured for their antioxidant and

functional properties. The chemical composition (moisture, protein, total lipids and ash) of the

Atlantic mackerel and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) fish fillets (FF) compared to fish waste (FW)

was also investigated. The mechanism of antioxidant activity was studied by DPPH, FRAP, FTC

and TBARS assays. It was demonstrated that fish waste water protein hydrolysate especially for

Atlantic Mackerel showed good antioxidant activities by the Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC) and

Thiobarbituric acid Reactive substances (TBARS) methods and compared well with other

antioxidants (BHA, ascorbic acid and trolox). There was significant difference (p-value < 0.05)

between samples and negative control (no antioxidant). DPPH scavenging activity increased

with the extract concentration in the range of 1.5-26 %. In FRAP assay, both samples showed

that there was an increase in absorbance with an increase in concentration.

Keywords: fish processing, protein hydrolysate, enzymatic hydrolysis, antioxidant

110


ABSTRACT - ORAL

FATTY ACID PROFILING OF EPINEPHELUS COIOIDES, GERRES

FILAMENTOSUS AND LATES CALCARIFER FROM THE ESTUARY

OF TERENGGANU, EAST COAST PENINSULAR MALAYSIA USING

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-FLAME IONIZATION

Sabiqah Tuan Anuar*1, Chan Yu Bin2, Ng Yih Ning1, Kwan Yee Sang1, Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim1 and Loh

Saw Hong1


21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman,

31900 Perak, Malaysia


Abstract

Lipid in muscle and liver of Asian sea bass (siakap, Lates calcarifer), whipfin mojarra (kapas-kapas,

Gerres filamentosus) and orange-spotted grouper (kerapu pinang, Epinephelus coioides) from Setiu

Wetland, Terengganu were extracted and converted to fatty acid acyl esters (FAAE) before being

analyzed for their fatty acid compositions and profiles. Aquaculture L. calcarifer together with wild E.

coioides and G. filamentosus from Setiu Wetland Estuary, Terengganu, Malaysia were caught during the

Northeast Monsoon season. It was found that fatty acid compositions in fish oil from muscle and liver of

locally grown L. calcarifer showed highest amount of saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 35.73% and 53.26%

respectively). Only liver of E. coioides and G. filamentosus show the highest composition for SFAs;

36.56% and 74.26%, while fish oil from muscle of both species contained high amount of

monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; 58.40% and 46.06%, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids

(PUFAs) was the least composition in all FAAE fish oil samples. Among the fatty acids found in L.

calcarifer tissue, C24:1 has the highest portion (31.14%), this followed by C16:0 (19.42%) and C18:1n9

(18.02%). In liver, C16:0 was the predominant fatty acid with 33.88% from the total fatty acid and

followed by C18:1n9(16.67%) and C24:1 (13.30%). Similar pattern was shown in the FAAE profile for

wild fishes where the most dominat fatty acid in the muscle of E. coioidesis are C24:1 (37.93%) followed

by C16:0 (17.41%), while in the liver are predominantly consist of C16:0 (21.73%), C20:5n3 (20.91%)

and C18:n9 (19.08%). For the muscle of G. filamentosus, C24:1 has the highest portion (25.93%),

followed by C16:0 (21.03%) and DHA C22:2 (14.50%). In the liver of this fish, no PUFAs was recorded

with the higest fatty acid composition is C16:0 (49.08%), followed by C18:1n9 (17.30%) and C18:0

(17.40%). In overall, extracted fish oil from both tissue and liver in Terengganu species had highest

amount of MUFAs and SFAs. This could be due to salinity, temperature of estuary water, different dietary

intake during the monsoon season.

Keywords: fatty acid profile, fatty acid acyl esters, fish oils, siakap, kapas-kapas, kerapu, setiu wetlands

111


ABSTRACT - ORAL

VARIABILITY OF THE FLAVONOID METABOLITES IN CARICA

PAPAYA LEAVES BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS

SPECTROMETRY AND MULTIVARIATE

DATA ANALYSIS

Norazlan Mohmad Misnan1, Low Kah Hin2, Adlin Afzan1, Mohd Isa Wasiman1 and Ami Fazlin Syed

Mohamed1

1Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research,

Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur


Abstract

Carica papaya leaves are widely reported to contain many bioactive metabolites including

flavanoids, which their concentrations may vary with respect to leaves maturity and the plant

sexual reproduction type. The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristic metabolites and

to explore variability of flavonoid content in the leaf extracts using liquid chromatography-mass

spectrometry coupled with pattern recognition techniques. A total of twenty-four metabolite

compounds including twelve flavonoids, four hydroxycinnamic acids, three alkaloids, one

coumarin and four organic acids have been identified; six of the dominant flavonoids were

quantified and subjected to multivariate analyses. Both principal component analysis and

hierarchical cluster analysis were showed distinct flavonoid contents according to shoot, young

and old leaf samples. Despite part of variation was originated from the sexual type, old leaves

are generally associated with lower flavonoids content whereas young leaves could be

discriminated from shoot samples in terms of clitorin, rutin, and nicotiflorin concentrations. The

variability of the flavonoid composition may affect the pharmacological properties of the related

phytopharmaceuticals.

Keywords: classification, chemometrics, fingerprinting, metabolomics, maturity

112


ABSTRACT - ORAL

DEVELOPMENT OF ACETOBACTER XYLINUM GROWTH PROFILE

METHOD VIA TOTAL PROTEIN ANALYSIS

Sharifah Soplah Syed Abdullah*, Jessica Harriette Supang John and Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor




Abstract

Acetobacter xylinum is a well-known bacterial cellulose producer. However, the information on

its growth profile is limited. The available information is only depending on turbidimetry method

which has less accuracy. It is known that A. xylinum secrete ribbon-like polymer cellulose

through the cell wall which will distract the results of cell growth by turbidimetry method.

Hence, this study aims to investigate a rapid and accurate method for Acetobacter xylinum

growth via total protein analysis. The fermentation process was carried out in static culture

condition using Hestrin Shramn medium at room temperature and pH of 6.4 for 19 days. The

conventional methods used for bacterial growth determination includes cell dry weight, viable

plate count and turbidimetry. Whilst protein quantification assay via Lowry’s method was

carried out to measure the total protein content of the cells. The intracellular protein was

extracted out from the bacteria cells using 3% (w/v) KOH solution prior to protein quantification.

It was found that growth profile obtained via total protein analysis has similar pattern with other

conventional methods. Moreover, the method is more accurate and less time-consuming

compared to viable plate count and cell dry weight. The growth curve obtained present four

significant microbial growth phases: lag phase (day 0 – day 3), log phase (day 4 – day 12),

stationary phase (day 13 – day 16) and death phase. Acetobacter xylinum exhibits mixed-growth

associated product where the bacterial cellulose was produced during log phase and stationary

phase.

Keywords: bacterial cellulose, ribbon-like polymer, protein quantification, microbial growth

113


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ANTIOXIDANT AND XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY

BY Euphorbia hirta (ARA TANAH)

Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny1*, Thum Carmen1, Mohd Hishamuddin Che Mat2,

Ahmad Azudin Nordin2 and Azalina Mohamed Nasir1

1Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Uniciti Alam Campus,

02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia 2Institute of Sustainable Agrotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Sg. Chuchuh Campus,

02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia


Abstract

The exposure to free radicals and gout cases have been a concern today where synthetic

medications for antioxidant effect and xanthine oxidase inhibition effect from clinical drugs have

showed several effects in health that leads to discovery of natural inhibitors from medicinal

plants. In this study, green solvent known as the deep eutectic solvent is synthesized to replace

conventional solvents for the extraction of free radical’s inhibitors and xanthine oxidase

inhibitors from a medicinal plant that has shown many health benefits and used widely in

traditional medicine, Euphorbia hirta. The leaves extract from Euphorbia hirta showed the

highest inhibition (87.9552 ± 0.0061 %) on free radicals assay. The IC50 for free radicals

inhibition of the leaves extract is 10.5676 ± 0.5871µg/ml. The IC50 value for xanthine oxidase

inhibition of allopurinol was the lowest at 6.9413 ± 0.3244 µg/ml while the leaves extract of

Euphorbia hirta exhibited close value at 9.4084 ± 0.1330 µg/ml. The correlation value between

the antioxidant effect and the xanthine oxidase inhibition of the leaves extract proved to be

0.9608 which indicated that there was a strong relationship. From the Line-weaver Burk plot and

solver function analysis, the mode of the enzyme inhibition was non-competitive inhibition.

These findings suggest that the plant has therapeutic properties which could be exploited to use

as natural drug to treat diseases associated with free radical exposure and xanthine oxidase

activity.

Keywords: antioxidant, deep eutectic solvent, euphorbia hirta, gout treatment, xanthine

inhibitor

114


ABSTRACT - ORAL

DEVELOPMENT OF α-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-5-METHYL-4-

ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID (AMPA) OPTICAL IMMUNOSENSOR

FOR DOMOIC ACID DETECTION IN SHELLFISH SEAFOOD

Hafiza Mohamed Zuki*, Lai Yun Ru, Noor Sheryna Jusoh, Azrilawani Ahmad @ Othman and Marinah

Mohd Ariffin


21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia


Abstract

An attempt of developing an optical immunosensor using ionotropic glutamate receptor has been

successfully conducted in order to determine the presence of domoic acid (DA) in shellfish

seafood. Optimum environment of optical immunoassay and biomolecules concentration have

been experimented by applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The

concentration of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor and

goat anti-mouse IgG alkaline phosphate (AP) were optimal at 1.3 ppm and 1.7 ppm, respectively.

The assay was also investigated with the absence of certain component in order to prove the

sensitivity of the developed immunosensor. Optical response of the optimised assay towards DA

recorded limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.72 ppm and 1.2 ppm,

respectively. Cross-reaction with glutamic acid (GA) showed that the assay was less sensitive

than DA, with values of 12.96 %. The competency of the immunosensor towards real samples

analysis was studied using cockle and mussel. Detection of non-spiked samples recorded the

presence of DA at 0.96 ppm for mussel and 0.56 ppm for cockle. Recovery was carried out as 3

ppm DA standard was injected into the sample and DA was found at 2.69 ppm and 2.6 ppm for

mussel and cockle, respectively, with recovery percentage of 89-90 %.

Keywords: optical immunosensor, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, α-amino-3-hydroxy-

5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, domoic acid, shellfish seafood

115


ABSTRACT - ORAL

MEASUREMENT MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION OF

ANTIFUNGAL IN MULTIPLE VOLATILE SYSTEMS OF

COMBINATION THYMOL AND CARVACROL

Mazidah Abdul Rahman1*, Faridatul Ain Mohd Roslan1, Noriza Ahmad1 and Siti Fatimah Ibrahim1

1Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology,

Bandar Vendor, Lot 1988, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca


Abstract

The antifungal effect of binary combinations of carvacrol and thymol as the antimicrobial aroma

compounds were investigated. The efficacy of these combinations was compared to that of these

compounds used alone. The potential of each compound and the binary combinations of

compounds as preservatives were evaluated based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

measurements. The results show that the measurement methodology can be successfully used to

investigate synergistically effects for multiple volatile systems. Fractional inhibition

concentration (FIC) values were calculated for different combinations of volatiles. From the data

for individual volatiles, it was possible to determine an FIC. These values were variable and

ranged from 0.8 to 1, indicating a small degree of synergism. An alternative data analysis

approach was adopted by linearising the inhibition time observed and regressing this against the

thymol and carvacrol concentrations resulted in a simple model with a significant

thymol/carvacrol interaction term (P=0.036). This analysis more clearly demonstrated a

synergistic effect, although the FIC values estimated from the model were between 0.89-0.96,

suggesting the effect is minor. As a result, the antimicrobial activity of thymol and carvacrol in

the mixture will be largely additive. As such, control of the concentration in the headspace and

at the food surface must be carried out through the gas phase.

Keywords: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), thymol, carvarol, antimicrobial

116


ABSTRACT - ORAL

A SENSITIVE UHPLC-ORBITRAP-MS METHOD FOR THE

DETERMINATION OF 2,4,6-TRIHYDROXY-3-GERANYL-ACETOPHENONE

IN RAT PLASMA

Yamen Alkhateeb1, Faridah binti Abas1,2, Yaya Rukayadi1,2 and Khozirah Shaari1,3

1Laboratory of Natural product, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor.

2 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor


Abstract

A novel bioanalytical method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to

Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) was develeped and

validated to quantify 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranyl-acetophenone (tHGA) in rat plasma. Protein

precipitation technique was used to extract tHGA from the plasma and then separated on a C18

column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:water. A full data-dependent

MS/MS scan (MS/dd-MS2) was used in negative ion mode with inclusion mass list containing

m/z and retention time of tHGA and the internal standard. The calibration curve was linear over

the concentration range from 0.5 to 80 ng/mL and correlation coefficient r2 of 0.9995. The lower

limit of quantification (LLOQ) value was found to be 0.5 ng/mL. The accuracy errors (intra- and

inter-day) were in the range of -8.2 to +0.3%, and the precision (intra- and inter-day) were in the

range of 3.9 to 9.3%. The mean recovery of tHGA was (84.8 ± 8.9%) and the mean matrix effect

was (99.7 ± 1.3%). Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine the

pharmacokinetics of tHGA in rats.

Keywords: pharmacokinetics, tHGA, orbitrap

117


ABSTRACT - ORAL

PRODUCTION OF VERMICOMPOST FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT

BUNCH (EFB) USING EISENIA-FETIDA EARTHWORMS

Mohd Saufi Md Zaini1*, Muzafar Zulkifli2, Nor Afifah Khalil2, Robert Edyvean3, Ahmad Naim Ahmad

Yahaya2

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Terengganu, Kampus Bukit

Besi, 23200 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988,

Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia

3The University of Sheffield, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, United Kingdom


Abstract

Vermicomposting is a biodegradation process of organic material into nutrient rich compost. It

involves the oxidation and stabilization of organic waste by the action of earthworms and

microorganism therefore it can be a good fertiliser. The empty fruit bunch (EFB) was divided

into two different bags (bag A and bag B) with different sample of the same composition.

Matured vermicompost was obtained after 3 months of composting. The temperature increases

within mesophilic phase (25-27oC). pH of vermicompost is between 7.27 and 7.62. Nutrients in

the vermicompost such as potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus were measured. The

total nitrogen content increased at the end of vermicomposting process by 15.19% in bag A and

10.94% in bag B. However totals organic carbon (TOC) decreased in both bags. The change of

carbon and nitrogen content affected the C/N ratio. The humidity and redox potential were

maintained at 70-90% and 140-212µS/cm respectively. Trial growth by using vermicompost and

other composted were conducted. The plant growth trial showed the vermicompost was observed

to be the best growth based on the height and condition. Vermicomposting process is a good way

to convert EFB into vermicompost by the acts of earthworms which can be used as organic

fertiliser.

Keywords: vermicomposting, empty fruit bunch (EFP), humidity, redox potential

118


ABSTRACT - ORAL

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIA BREADFRUIT PULP AND

KERNEL

Noriza Ahmad*, Faridatul Ain Mohd Roslan, Mazidah Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Izzat Nazrin Mohd

Nordin and Siti Fatimah Ibrahim

Section of Food Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical

and Bioengineering Technology, Bandar Vendor, Lot 1988, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca


Abstract

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is usually grown around the house by local communities in

Malaysian villagers. Normally the fruit is peeled, and the heart and stem are removed and

discarded. The fruit is then slice and fried and serve as fritters or chip. Studied had shown

breadfruit is considered as high energy and fibre food with phenolic compound. Breadfruit

contain relatively low protein content, however it contains all the essential amino acids with

relatively high in leucine and lysine. Compared to other tropical starchy foods, it has acceptable

source of vitamin C, iron, niacin, riboflavin, potassium and phosphorus although amounts may

vary between cultivars. With the current emphasis on healthy food with a low glycaemic index,

high protein, and increased dietary fibre, the use of alternative flours in baked goods is to be

favoured. Breadfruit flour is a good potential of replacing (or partially) wheat flour for baked

good. The objective of the studies is to explore the composition pulp and kernel breadfruit flour

and its behaviour during cooking. Raw breadfruit kernel and pulp were oven dried at 50 2 C

for 48 hours and milled in a laboratory mill and sieved with a 200 mm mesh sieve. Kernel and

pulp breadfruit flour were then analysed for their chemical and physical properties such as water

absorption, oil absorption and swelling properties. Starch, crude fibre, ash, fat, water activity and

protein were also evaluated. Starch was the predominant carbohydrate with crude fibre around

4.0 – 4.5 %. Crude protein values varied from 8.53 to 11.06 %. There was significant difference

between the crude protein contents of the pulp and kernel breadfruit flour. There was no

significant different on the bulk density, water binding capacity and oil absorption capacity

between the kernel and pulp breadfruit flour. Heating increases the water absorption, oil

absorption and swelling capacity for both kernel and pulp breadfruit flour. Pulp breadfruit flour

have better water absorption capacity from the kernel breadfruit flour. Therefore, given the

inherent nutritional and physical properties of breadfruit crops, it is a great potential for its use

in baking industry.

Keywords: breadfruits, kernel, pulp, physical properties, chemical properties.

119


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SALASA ADULIS AS A NOVEL DUAL-FUNCTIONAL FOOD ADDITIVE FOR

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES: EXPERIMENTAL

AND THEORETICAL APPROACH

Siti Hajar Ahmad Shariff1, Erna Normaya Abdullah1, Mohd Armi Abu Samah1, Muhammad Nor Omar2

and Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad1*

1Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science,

International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200,

Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia


Abstract

Lipid oxidation and microbial contamination are the major contributors to quality and safety loss

of food products. The addition of food additives such as antioxidant and antimicrobial can

increase the shelf life of foods and influence the characteristics of foods favourably. Salasa adulis

or salak seeds contain phenolic compounds that exhibited interesting biological properties which

contribute to its use as a new potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.

This research aim to identify a novel phenolic compound of S. adulis seeds as a new antioxidant

and antimicrobial inhibitor. A method development using green chemistry approach,

supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract the phenolic compounds from S. adulis

seeds. The SFE conditions were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) that

investigated the interaction between three variables (pressure, temperature, and extraction time).

The optimum condition was achieved at 5814.67 psi, 78.09 ℃, and 96.43 min. The antioxidant

activity test was done using DPPH radical scavenging assay where the % DPPH radical

scavenging activity was 89.39 ± 0.16 %. The combination of GC-MS and PCA method revealed

the potentiality of benzeneethanamine, 2,5- difluoro-β,3,4-trihydroxy-N-methyl- (C5) as

antimicrobial agent. The suitability of carbon dioxide as the solvent for supercritical fluid

extraction to extract C5 was shown by COSMO RS. MEP was used to identify key structural

features of C5 that are necessary for their activity and to investigate their interaction with β-

ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (FabH). The insight of microbial inhibitory action by

C5 was carried out by using molecular docking and revealed the binding affinity with E. coli

FabH-CoA was -6.1 kcal/mol.

Keywords: Salasa Adulis, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), response surface methodlogy

(RSM), COSMO RS, molecular docking

120


ABSTRACT - ORAL

REAL-TIME MONITORING OF MEAT FRESHNESS USING

DELPHINIDIN BASED VISUAL INDICATOR

Nurdiyana Husin1*, Mohd Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim2, Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor1

and Ismail Fitry Mohammad Rashedi3

1Section of Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and

Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca 2Section of Technical Foundation, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and

Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Bandar Vendor, 78000 Alor Gajah, Malacca 3Faculty of Food Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor


Abstract

Nowadays, there is increasing demand from consumers for better quality and hygienic food

products, particularly for vulnerable foods which are easily infected by the microorganism. At

present, the consumers only depend on the expiry date, but this information does not always

portray the real indicative of the actual progress of food spoilage. The use of colorimetric

freshness indicator can provide a direct and real-time visual quality information, but most of the

previous work has focused on using synthetic colours. In this project, a natural colour

(anthocyanin- delphinidin glycoside) from Clitoria ternatea (g pea) flower was extracted by

using the ultrasonic processor, followed by immobilization on indicator strips and finally applied

as freshness indicator for the qualitative detection of meat freshness. Extracted colour from

butterfly pea contained 13 mg delphinidin per 100 mL extract. The colour changed obviously at

different pH with discoloration from blue to green at pH 7 and green to yellow at pH 12. The

Delphinidin-based indicator was also able to detect spoilage of meat (pH of 6.57) at hour 18

(point of meat rejection at 20 ΔE*) in room temperature (29oC) and on day 4 (point of meat

rejection at ΔE*) in chiller storage (4oC). The indicator strips changed colour from blue to green

at the point of meat rejection for both storage conditions. This study provides a foundation for

developing a new visual indicator in monitoring real-time meat freshness and may also use as

an intelligent packaging.

Keywords: delphinidin, freshness indicator, meat freshness, intelligent packaging

121


ABSTRACT - ORAL

A NONTARGETED GC/MS ANALYSIS COMBINED WITH

CHEMOMETRICS METHODS FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF

HARUMANIS MANGO (MANGIFIRA INDICA): DETERMINATION

OF CHEMICAL MARKERS

Siti Raihan Zakaria1*, Norashikin Saim2*, Rozita Osman2 and Hafizan Juahir3

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, 26400 Jengka,

Pahang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),

40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,

Kuala Terengganu, 21300, Malaysia


Abstract

A simple and rapid gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis method was

developed for the determination of chemical markers of Harumanis mango for quality control.

The aim of this study was to identify the chemical markers of Harumanis mango that can

discriminate Harumanis with its unauthentic version, Tong Dam mango that is physically

identical. 72 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected by GC/MS belonged to various

chemical groups such as alcohol, aldehydes, acids, esters, heterocyclics and terpenes, From the

chromatographic fingerprint data, three VOCs namely beta ocimene, trans beta ocimene and allo

ocimene has been identified as chemical markers for Harumanis mango as these VOCs can only

be detected in Harumanis samples regardless the sources but not in Tong Dam mango.

Furthermore, the chemometrics methods namely PCA, CA and DA were successfully used in

discriminating Harumanis and Tong Dam samples and supported the results obtained from the

chromatographic fingerprint data. In addition to that, these chemometrics techniques were able

to classify the Harumanis samples from two origins, Malaysia and Indonesia.

Keywords: GC/MS fingerprinting, harumanis, VOCs, chemical markers, chemometrics

122


ABSTRACT - ORAL

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING WITH RESPONSE SURFACE

METHODOLOGY (RSM) OF LOCALLY-PRODUCED-XYLOSE-REDUCTASE

ENZYME PURIFICATION BY REVERSE MICELLE

Rusmawarni Ramli1,2, Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim*1 and Zularisam Ab Wahid1

1Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,

Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang 2Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of

Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988, Kawasan Industri Taboh Naning,

78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia


Abstract

Enzyme purification is one of the most important methods in this study since the availability of

the reusable enzyme needed. Mathematical modelling used in this study was response surface

methodology (RSM) and the tool used was design of expert (DOE) software. The aimed of using

the tools was to optimize the significance of variables involved in the enzyme purification

process for enhancing the capability of enzyme recovery. The OFAT of enzyme purification was

conducted under concentration of surfactant, % (2.3 – 2.7), range of pH (4.5 - 6.5) and

concentration of salt, M (0.75 – 1.50). Further optimization by RSM was followed and at the

end, the optimum variables suggested as concentration of surfactant at 2.69%, pH at 6.49 and

concentration of salt at 0.75M. Repeated of the validation for the significance variables and the

percentage error of the predicted VS the actual value only 2.32% which means the study of the

enzyme purification by significance variables chose can be accepted.

Keywords: one factor at a time (OFAT) study, response surface methodology (RSM),

optimization, reverse micelle, xylose reductase

123


ABSTRACT - ORAL

TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM OF NANOEMULSION CONTAINING

GEMCITABINE (GEM)

Nadiatul Atiqah Wahgiman1, Norazlinaliza Salim1,2* and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1

1Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.


Abstract

Gemcitabine is chemotherapeutic drug for various cell cancers such as non-small lung cancer,

pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and bladder cancer which usually used in the first line treatment

because its excellent therapeutic activity. The phase behavior of medium chain triglyceride

(MCT)/surfactant/water containing gemcitabine (GEM) was investigated. The ternary phase

diagram with different surfactant systems (Span 20, Span 60, Span 80 and Tween 80 and Tween

80: Span 80 at ratio 1:1) were constructed. The observations of the mixtures were classified into

two major observations, isotropic region and multilayer region. The isotropic region was where

formation of transparent oil/surfactant/water emulsion which have nano particles size. Based on

the highest region of isotropic phase in MCT/(Tween 80: Span 80, ratio1:1)/deionized water

system, a nanoemulsion formulation (F1) was selected. The nanoemulsion was prepared used

combination of high energy and lower energy emulsification methods. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

was used due to formation of stable formulation in large amount. Three different concentrations

of NaCl (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml) were investigated. The results showed that the increase particle

size as increases as the amount of NaCl increases, effect of amount of NaCl solution is significant

towards particles size on F1. The F1 was stable in normal storage condition as it remains

homogeneous formulation against centrifugation test and storage stability at different

temperature (4, 25 and 45 °C) within 3 months.

Keywords: gemcitabine, nanoemulsion, tertiary phase diagram

124


ABSTRACT - ORAL

FAT REDUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS ENHANCEMENT OF

EDIBLE COMPOSITE COATING (PECTIN-MALTODEXTRIN)

ON FRIED POTATO CHIPS

Nur Afiqah Mohamed Latif, Abdul Manan Dos Mohamad and Shahrulzaman Shaharuddin*

Section of Food Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical

and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka


Abstract

Frying potato chips developed a tasty product with a crispy, tempting aromas and good appeal

of potato chips, but high oil content in deep fry potato chips will increases the adverse health

effect to consumer. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of the composite coating

(pectin-maltodextrin) of potato chips characteristics at different ratios (uncoated, 100:0, 90:10,

80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 or named as sample 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively). The potato

chips were coated using dipping method and the samples were characterized through fat content,

moisture content, texture and sensory evaluations. Sample 6 (60:40) has the significant highest

fat reduction (9.69%) among the samples. The moisture content for all samples were not

significantly different (P>0.05). Coated potato chips of sample 4 (80:20) has highest breaking

force (2.78 ± 0.07N) compared to uncoated potato chips (2.24 ± 0.13N). The sensory evaluation

showed that coated potato chips were the more preferable compared to uncoated potato chips. In

conclusion, enhanced characteristics of composite (pectin-maltodextrin) coated potato chips

were obtained including significant fat reduction and impoving texture and sensory acceptability.

Keywords: fat, characteristic, edible coating, pectin, maltodextrin, potato, chips, fry

125


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SEPARATION CHEMISTRY

SCREENING OF PLANTS FOR INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES AGAINST

ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY Bactrocera Dorsalis (HENDEL) FOR PEST

MANAGEMENT OF MANGO Mangifera Indica

Danila S. Paragas1*, Kathlia DC. Cruz2 and Elaida R. Fiegalan3

1Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences and 3Department of Crop Protection,

College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz,

Nueva Ecija, Philippines 2School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University,

Intramuros, Manila, Philippines


Abstract

Mango, mangifera indica, is one of the many fruits exported by the Philippines. However,

Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera:Tephritidae), is becoming a treat for its

production, thus, its control and management is now imperative. This research conducted a

preliminary screening of different plants that has insecticidal properties that could be used for

the development of potential biocides. Twenty plants were screened for their insecticidal

activities against B. dorsalis. The plant which showed the highest mortality was further

investigated using various extraction methods such as hot infusion, maceration, hot continuous

reflux (Soxhlet), and fermentation. Several solvents were also considered in the extraction

including rice wine, rice wash, vinegar and distilled water. The extracts were tested in terms of

mortality against B. dorsalis after 6, 12, and 24 h of exposure using an improvised olfactometer.

Azadirachta indica, Andrographis. paniculata, Indigofera zollingeriana and Lantana camara

showed 100% mortality at 24-h exposure but A. indica was the most effective having 46.67%,

91.67% and 100% at 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively. Further investigations employing different

extraction – solvent combinations revealed that the use of rice wash and fermentation is the most

economical method in extracting the active components of neem leaves against B. dorsalis (LC50

of 2.7%) and can be utilized in the development of biocide for mango pest management.

Keywords: alternative technique; biopesticide, fermentation, mangoes, pest management, rice

wash

126


ABSTRACT - ORAL

DEVELOPMENT OF SUPRAMOLECULAR SOLVENT ASSISTED

MAGNETIC SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION FOR DETERMINATION OF

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN AQUEOUS SAMPLES USING HIGH

PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Kasturi Gopal1, Muggundha Raaov2, Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah3, Noorfatimah. Yahaya1 and Nur

Nadhirah Mohamad Zain1*

1Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

3School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia


Abstract

In this research study a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) made up of vesicles of decanoic acid

was assisted with magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) to examine the extraction

performance of surfactant and magnetic nanoparticle modified activated crabon towards selected

phenolic compounds from waste water effluents prior to their determination by high performance

liquid chromatography (HPLC). Modified activated carbon was paired up with a unique

extraction technique employing SUPRAS in this study to enhance the extraction of phenolic

compounds. The calibration curve was achieved with good linearity with correlation coefficient

(R2) of 0.9991 (2,4-DCP) and 0.9992 (2,4-DNP), respectively. Under optimized condition low

level of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limit was achieved for the studied phenolic

compounds. Finally, the validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of industrial

waste water. Recoveries ranging from 85.30–116.85% was achieved for the studied analyte

compounds. This study proves that the extraction method introduced in this study is an excellent

extraction technique for the preconcentration of phenolic compounds in waste water mediums.

Keywords: activated carbon, silicone surfactant, supramolecular solvent, magnetic solid phase

extraction


127


ABSTRACT - ORAL

IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE

AND SUCROSE IN WATERMELON JUICE PEEL

Wan Mazlina Md Saad1*, Fatimah Salim2, Nur Shafinaz Mohamad Salin1 and Ainza Suzila Ramzi1

1Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Level 9, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) contains various phytochemical with sugar rating the highest.

Sugar mainly distributed into three types; fructose, glucose and sucrose. Sugar content in

watermelon usually reflect the fruit quality and sweetness. This study was conducted to identify

and quantify fructose, glucose and sucrose content in watermelon juice peel by using isocratic

mode, reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). The watermelon

juice peel was injected into NH2 column at 23°C coupled with refractive index detector (RID) at

35°C with flow rate 1ml/min of mobile phase acetonitrile and water (75:25) and 20 μl injection

sample. The retention time for fructose and glucose in watermelon juice peel were 8.88 and

10.00 min, respectively with no sucrose peak detected. The quantification of fructose and

glucose in watermelon juice peel were 0.60 and 0.50 mg/ml. Watermelon juice peel in this study

showed fructose is the highest sugar level followed by glucose with no detection of sucrose. The

sugars were successfully separated by using isocratic mode of RP-HPLC and the outcomes

indicated that this study method is efficient for identification and quantification of fructose,

glucose and sucrose in watermelon juice peel.

Keywords: watermelon, Citrullus lanatus, peel, RP-HPLC, fructose, glucose, sucrose

128


ABSTRACT - ORAL

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GOLD EXTRACTION FROM

CYANIDE SOLUTION

Nor Nabiha Md Zan*

Universiti Kuala Lumpur, MICET, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka


Abstract

Eh-pH and speciation diagrams are developed for gold metal in the Au-H2O-CN system from

thermodynamic calculations. The diagrams show that thermodynamically stable redox couples

of gold and cyanide ions can be formed and drive the dissolution of gold in cyanide solution.

The calculation also shows the differences in the oxidization potential and structural stability of

the gold ion complexes which describes the reduction of cyanide ions in the Au-H2O-CN system.

The results promote a theoretical basis for the optimization of the leaching of gold from cyanide

solution.

Keywords: gold extraction, leaching, thermodynamic, waste management


129


ABSTRACT - ORAL

MULTI-SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHEMOMETRICS ANALYSIS FOR

FORENSIC DETERMINATION OF BLOOD SPECIES

Durga Devi Sandran1*, Nik Fakhuruddin Nik Hassan1, Yusmazura Zakaria2 and Noor Zuhartini Md

Muslim1

1Forensic Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

Health Campus,16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia 2Biomedicine Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,

16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia


Abstract

Blood trace is commonly found biological evidence at crime scenes. The main issues forensic

investigators encounter upon retrieving blood samples is determining their origin. There is no

statistical probability in the current examination methodology of potential blood evidence and it

is deemed subjective. Another method, involving DNA analysis, lengthy to perform and

restricted due to its degradation and lack of samples. The main aim of this study was to evaluate

the potential and suitability of tandem analysis using ATR-FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy as

means for the characterisation of blood samples in the context of forensic science. Conventional

visual examination is insufficient to differentiate and classify spectra between blood from

different animal species. Hence, to aid classification in each group, chemometrics analysis of the

IR and UV/Vis spectral data was employed using the combined techniques of principal

component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). PCA-LDA results show that

blood spectra of various animal species differ in the compositions of blood protein i.e. amide A,

I and II. The multivariate analysis based on PCA-LDA models indicates that ATR-FTIR and

UV/Vis spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics provides excellent discrimination (94%

correct classification) for the classification of blood samples from animal species. The non-

destructive nature of vibrational and optical spectroscopic techniques and the success of

chemometrics analysis demonstrated in this work have indeed offered a new dimension for the

rapid identification of biomaterials of forensic relevance and essentially warrant further research.

Keywords: spectroscopy, chemometrics, forensic, blood species

130


ABSTRACT - ORAL

THIN FILM µ-EXTRACTION WITH C18-CTA AS THE SORBENT FOR

SEPARATION AND PRE-CONCENTRATION OF CAFFEINE IN

ENVIRONMENTAL WATER

Aida Farhana Mazlan, Nurul Aryani Zulkipli, Loh Saw Hong and Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik*

School of Marine and Environmental Sciences,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Malaysia


Abstract

Caffeine is a biologically-active drug that acts as a stimulant which can be very useful for

medication but may be harmful when the dosage is very high. In water, caffeine is highly soluble

(13.5 g/L), and it is moderately stable in natural water, despite being vulnerable to biological

degradation. Caffeine is an excellent tracer because its detection in aquatic system indicates

human waste source. This study investigated the optimal condition of an extraction method for

caffeine residue analysis in water. C18 was impregnated with cellulose triacetate by using a

solution casting method to produce a thin film. Optimisation work was performed based on a 23-

full factorial central composite design, which was subjected to salt addition, extraction time, and

stirring rate as the main parameters. Final determination was performed using liquid

chromatography-UV detector. The optimum condition suggested by the model was as follows;

salt addition (0.6%, m/v), extraction time (11 minutes), and stirring rate (300 rpm). The

generated model and 2-way interaction were significant at p<0.05. Desirability function was

recorded at 0.98. The variable with the largest effect was the linear term of salt addition, followed

by quadratic effects of extraction time, and stirring rate. Linearity range achieved at a satisfactory

level at r2 was 0.996. Detection and quantification limits of the developed method were

calculated at 0.06 ng/mL and 0.21 ng/mL, respectively. The thin film displayed exceptional

recovery (83.90-98.50%) and repeatability (7.71-12.40% RSD) at two levels of concentration.

For real sample analysis, caffeine Caffeine residue was found at 0.563 ng/mL, which taken from

Ibai River, Terengganu.

Keywords: experimental design, microextraction, pharmaceutical residue, stimulant drug

131


ABSTRACT - ORAL

AGAROSE-CHITOSAN-INTERGRATED MULTIWALLED CARBON

NANOTUBES FILM MICRO-SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION COMBINED

WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE

DETERMINATION OF TRUCYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS IN

AQUEOUS SAMPLES

Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim1*, Mohd Marsin Sanagi2 and Nor Suhaila Mohammad Hanapi1

1Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru,

Johor, Malaysia


Abstract

Agarose-Chitosan-integrated mutiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) film micro-solid phase

extraction (μ-SPE) was developed and applied for the determination of tricyclic antidepressant

drugs (TCAs) in aqueous samples using high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet

detection (HPLC-UV). Integration of highly interconnected pores of MWCNTs in the agarose-

chitosan matrix increases the hydrophobic sites, surface area and porosity of the materials and

thus enhancing the extraction efficiency. The film of blended agarose and chitosan allows good

dispersion of MWCNTs, prevents the leaching of MWCNTs during application and enhances

the film mechanical stability. Important μ-SPE parameters were optimized including amount of

MWCNTs loading in agarose-chitosan matrix, sample pH, addition of salt, extraction time,

desorption solvent and desorption time. The matrix match calibration curves demonstrated good

linearity in the range of 10-500 ppb with excellent coefficients determination (r2 = 0.9944-

0.9961), good limits of detection (LODs) in the range of 3.13-3.60 ppb, high analyte recoveries

(90.0-112.4%) and low relative standard deviations (RSD < 6.85).

Keywords: blended agarose/chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotubes, solid phase

microextraction, tricyclic antidepressant drugs

132


ABSTRACT - ORAL

EFFECT OF BMIM-CHLORIDE PHYSIO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBER MEMBRANE FOR DOMESTIC

WASTE WATER

Ahmad Tarmizi Mohd1, Nur Syakinah Abd Halim1, Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal1*, Muhammad Roil

Bilad1, Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin1, Zulfan Adi Putra1 and Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff2,

1Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia 2Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia


Abstract

Water is a source that is crucial to any life on life. In industry, water is being used for various

processes. With increasing demand towards water consumption, wastewater treatment is

mandatory since water scarcity is a world-wide threat. As a part of waste management, the

processed water must comply with the regulation outlined by Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA). To meet the regulated standards, the separation process needs to efficient and cost

effective. Hence, most research nowadays are focusing on membrane separation technology.

Among the methods in membrane separation technologies includes nanofiber membrane. While

nanofiber membrane offers efficient separation with great mechanical stability, it does suffer

from membrane fouling. In this study, electrospun nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane with 1-Butyl-

3-methylimidazolium Chloride (BMIM-Chloride) additive was fabricated to reduce the effect of

fouling while increasing its performance. This study also compares the additive concentration to

nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane with respect to its performance and rejection. Based on the result,

the addition of BMIM-Chloride increased the permeability to >400 L/m2.h.bar while having

superior rejection of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphorus content over 90%

rejection. While comparing 1-5% additive concentration, the time taken to reach steady state

(relates to fouling effect) increased with additive concentration, signifying the addition of

BMIM-Chloride concentration, reduce the effect of cake formation.

Keywords: nanofiber membrane, BMIM-Chloride, wastewater

133


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ISOLATION, STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF LUPEOL, STEROL GROUP

AND CHEMICAL PROFILING OF Fortunella Polyandra LEAVES USING

UPLC Q-TOF/MS

Norazah Basar1*, Hazim Syahmi Elias1, Atiqah Othman1, Syarul Nataqain Baharum2 and Kamalrul

Azlan Azizan2

1Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia

2Metabolomics research laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia


Abstract

Phytochemical study on the leaves of F. polyandra has isolated three secondary metabolites from

the crude extracts by using various chromatography technique, while identification was

performed by using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic

Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The isolated metabolites were

identified as Lupeol (FP1) and 2 sterol (FP2) mixture namely β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The

chemical composition of the crude extracts of F. polyandra were determined using ultra

performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

(UPLC Q-ToF/MS) method. 8 compounds were identified and tentatively characterized. The

result showed that 3', 5’-Di-C-beta-glucopyranosylphloretin was the predominant flavonoid in

the methanolic extract of F. polyandra leaves. Apigenin-8-Cneohesperidoside, Acacetin-6-C-

neohesperidoside, Acacetin-8-C-neohesperidoside, apigenin6, 8-di-C-glucoside, and Apigenin

7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin) were also identified present in the sample. This study will fill

the gap on the information of the F. polyandra for further quality assessment and utilization of

Fortunella resources.

Keywords: F. polyandra, phytochemical, secondary metabolite, chemical composition, UPLC

Q-ToF/MS

134


ABSTRACT - ORAL

EVALUATION OF CAR PRIMER USING PYROLYSIS-GAS

CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (PY-GC-MS)

Raja Zubaidah Raja Sabaradin1, Norashikin Saim1*, Rozita Osman1 and Hafizan Juahir2

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,

21300 Kampus Gong Badak, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia


Abstract

Car paint system consisted of 4 different layers; namely cathodic electro deposition (CED),

primer, basecoat and clearcoat. Each of these layers might offer valuable information in car paint

analysis. However, a small size of car paint samples may not consisted of all four layers. This

study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of car primer layer in the analysis of car paint

sample. Eight different red basecoats were applied on ten different car primers giving a total of

eighty red car paint samples. The paint samples were analyzed using Py-GC-MS and the data

set obtained was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA).

Twenty-two principal components were rendered from PCA with total variance of 81.23%. CA

gave three clusters with cluster 1 and 3 based on the shades of red basecoat while cluster 2 was

based on the type of primer. This observation showed that the car primer might have significant

contribution in the analysis of car paint using Py-GC-MS.

Keywords: car primer, car paint analysis, Py-GC-MS, chemometric

135


ABSTRACT - ORAL

SOURCE DETERMINATION OF PSEUDOEPHEDRINE USING

ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM

INFRARED (ATR-FTIR) SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

Ainol Hayah Ahmad Nadzri1, Saravana Kumar Jayaram2, Dzulkiflee Ismail1 and Wan Nur Syuhaila Mat

Desa1*

1Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 2 Narcotic Section, Forensic Science Unit, Chemistry Department, Jalan Sultan,

46661 Petaling Jaya Selangor


Abstract

Seizures of pseudoephedrine compound is commonly reported pertaining to clandestine

operations since it has long been abused in amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) illicit production.

In small scale clandestine laboratory, over-the-counter decongestant tablet is encountered

despite having properties or compositions claimed to deter pseudoephedrine extraction as

pharmaceutical means to prevent the misuse of the compound. The study aims to investigate the

feasibility of discriminating extracted pseudoephedrine based on its origin. In this study, 5

different types in varying strengths and sizes of pseudoephedrine based tablets samples were

extracted with direct and acid-base extraction methods. Positive identification of

pseudoephedrine compound was done by simple attenuated total reflection fourier transform

infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). In total, 90 spectras were obtained from powdered and

extracted tablets at six repetitive scans. The spectra were subsequently subjected to multivariate

analysis studies to objectively compare and discriminate extracted pseudoephedrine based on its

origin using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA).

Groupings and linkages based on their origin were established. In HCA, discrimination among

samples were evident at around 80% similarity while in PCA, discrimination is presented at 78-

84% total variation. This study showed successful simple and direct methods for source

determination of chemically processed pseudoephedrine compounds. This information can be a

valuable intelligent tool for forensic enforcers to understand hence able to disrupt supply of

pseudoephedrine for illegal substance operations.

Keywords: pseudoephedrine, clandestine, ATS, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, PCA, HCA


136


ABSTRACT - ORAL

COMPARISON OF LIPIDS EXTRACTION METHODS ON Chlorella Vulgaris

sp. WITH IONIC LIQUID AS AN ADDITIVE

Ninna Sakina Azman1* and Noraini Abd Ghani1

1Fundamental Applied Sciences Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

32610 Seri Iskandar Perak, Malaysia


Abstract

The main objective of the current work was to investigate the effect of ultrasonication, Bligh and

Dyer and [Bmim][MeSO4] towards the extraction of lipids on cultivated Chlorella vulgaris. The

composition of fatty acids from the lipids extracted was determined by using Gas

Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Results revealed that, the combination

of synthesized [Bmim][MeSO4] and methanol had the greatest infuence on lipids extraction

which is 12.72 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW) higher than the conventional technique, Bligh and

Dyer that exhibited 8.38 mg/g DCW. Further assestment by using ultrasonication technique with

existence of [Bmim][MeSO4] and without [Bmim][MeSO4] were carried out, and resulted 6.94

and 0.45 mg/g DCW respectively.

Keywords: ionic liquid, lipids extraction, ultrasonication, Chlorella vulgaris


137


ABSTRACT - ORAL

A SIMPLE MINIATURIZED SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUE FOR

DETERMINATION OF POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL WATER

Muhammad Nur’ Hafiz Rozaini1*, Bahruddin Saad1,2 and Noorfatimah Yahaya3

1Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia 2Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia 3Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia


Abstract

New methods are being continuously developed to determine important compounds in the

environment. An important step in the analytical process in the sample preparation. These are

mainly done either using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid phase extraction (SPE).

However, these techniques are not environmentally friendly as large amounts of organic solvents

are required (LLE) and multiple steps are involved (SPE). Thus, alternative methods have been

proposed to address these main disadvantages. We investigated simple miniaturized sample

preparation techniques for the determination of pollutants in the environmental water based on

molecularly imprinted silica gel (MISG) that was incorporated in agarose polymer matrix to

form a mixed matrix membrane (MMM). Selected sulfonamide antibiotics (i.e.

sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), and sulfadiazine (SDZ)) were used as

the target analytes for the determination in the environmental water samples. Several important

microextraction conditions were comprehensively optimized and validated. Under the optimized

conditions, the developed method demonstrated good linearity (1–500 g L–1) with a coefficient

of determination (R2) of 0.9959–0.9999, low limits of detection (0.06–0.17 g L–1) and limits of

quantification (0.20–0.56 g L–1), good analyte recoveries (80–96 %), and acceptable relative

standard deviations (< 10 %). The overall results when analysed using high performance liquid

chromatography were found to be comparable with those reported in the literature.

Keywords: sample preparation, environmental water, high performance liquid chromatography,

mixed matrix membrane

138


ABSTRACT - ORAL

FACILE SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO/Fe3O4)

FOR RAPID EXTRACTION, PRECONCENTRATION AND TRACE

DETERMINATION OF TETRACYCLINES FROM WATER SAMPLES

Ungku Amirul Arif Ungku Abdullah, Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi*, Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim and

Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

A simple and effective magnetic solid-phase extraction based on new-generation of graphene

oxide/magnetite (GO/Fe3O4) nanocomposite was successfully developed to extract traces

amount of tetracylines (TCs) namely, tetracycline (TC), chlortetracyline (CTC), doxycycline

(DC) and oxytetracyline (OTC) from water samples. The nanocomposite was prepared by in situ

deposition of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) on graphene oxide (GO) surface. Strong

adsorption of TCs was facilitated by π-π interactions with the aromatic rings of GO. The

synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

(FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy

(FESEM). TCs were quantified by HPLC with UV detection. Under optimized conditions,

MSPE using GO-Fe3O4 was developed with good linearities (0.05–3.0 mg L-1) with high

coefficient of determination (R2>0.9988), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification

(LOQ) of 0.007–0.014 mg L-1 and 0.017–0.029 mg L-1, respectively, satisfactory relative

recoveries (92.6–104.9%), acceptable reproducibilities (relative standard deviation,

RSD<4.8%.). The method has several promising attributes including an easily prepared and eco-

friendly adsorbent, a convenient and rapid extraction procedure, and a high extraction efficiency.

Keywords: magnetic solid-phase extraction, magnetic graphene oxide, magnetic

nanocomposite, preconcentration, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycyline, oxytetracycline

139


ABSTRACT - ORAL

PURIFICATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM ASYSTASIA

GANGETICA BY RECYCLING HPLC

Isna Athirah Othman1,2*, Norizan Ahmat1,2

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam,

Selangor, Malaysia 2Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM),

Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Asystasia gangetica (L) T. Anderson var. micrantha (Acanthaceae) or commonly known as

Chinese violet or rumput Israel is a straggling herb usually found among short grasses and along

pathways. This plant is used traditionally to treat diabetes mellitus, ear disease, gonorrhea, and

its anthelmintic activity helps to treat swelling and rheumatism. The present study was designed

to isolate and elucidate bioactive compounds from A. gangetica. Methanolic extract of the A.

gangetica leaves was fractionated by using Vacuum Liquid Chromatoghraphy (VLC). Fractions

2.2 and 3.1 were subjected to preparative HPLC and recycling HPLC for further purification.

All of the compounds were monitored by using UHPLC. The structures of isolated compounds

were characterized by using spectroscopic method including NMR and comparison with

previous reported data. Two phytochemical constituents namely salidroside (1) and verbascoside

(2) have been purified by using recycling HPLC. Compound 2 was identified for the first time

from Asystasia gangetica.

Keywords: acanthaceae, asystasia gangetica, recycling HPLC, NMR, phenolic compounds

140


ABSTRACT - ORAL

EVALUATION OF PANDANUS AMARYLLIFOLIUS ESSENTIAL OIL

AS A SOURCE OF INSECT REPELLENT SOAP

Marmy Roshaidah Mohd Salleh*, Norulakmal Norhadi and Nurul Ardilla Abdul Manaf Yusof

Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology

(MICET), Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka


Abstract

Pandan can be used to repel the cockroaches. Currently, there are mostly used of a chemically

repellent product in house. Some people especially children and for those who has a sensitive to

odor cannot resists to this repellent product such as mothball. In order to overcome it, the natural

repellent product must be produced. The aim of this study is to produce the insect repellent soap

by using pandan oil produced from pandan leaves as a fragrant. The extraction process was

carried out using soxhlet extraction methods and ethanol used as a solvent. 2-AP is a compound

inside the oil that can repel the cockroaches due to its smell and the determination of it has been

analyse by using GC-MS. The characteristic of oil produced has been analysed together with the

antioxidant activity inside the pandan by using UV-Vis equipment. The analysis of repellent test

has been done by using three different method which are petri dish repellent test, filter paper

repellent test and spraying method. The end product which is soap has been produced by using

several formulations.

Keywords: pandan amarylifolius, extraction, cockroaches, repellent, soap

141


ABSTRACT - ORAL

AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT DECADE RACEMIC DRUG RESOLUTION

Hatijah Basri1, Tahir Shah1*, Haider Al Lawati2

1Universiti Tun Hussain Onn Malaysia

2Sultan Qaboose University Muscat Oman


Abstract

Enantioseparation of racemic mixture is of great importance for acquiring pure enantiomers. It

is now a fact that pure enantiomers are more potent and safer to be consumed as drugs. Presently

more than 50% of the medicinal compounds are chiral in nature moreover to develop quick and

efficient resolution methods, a great deal of effort is done in pharmaceutical and research labs

around the world. Beside gas chromatography (GC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), high

performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the leading separation technique. Various direct

and indirect HPLC methods provide fast and baseline separation. Major focus of this review

remains on HPLC and its various types and progress made in this area during this decade.

Keywords: enantioseparation, racemic, chiral, high performance liquid chromatography

(HPLC)

142


ABSTRACT - ORAL

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, NUTRIENT CONTENT,

PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF

EDIBLE RED SEAWEEDS (KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII, EUCHEUMA

SPINOSUM AND EUCHEUMA STRIATUM) FROM SABAH, MALAYSIA

1Farah Nurshahida, M.S., 2Nurul Aini, M.A*, 1Nazikussabah, Z., 3Wan Mohd Faizal, W.I.,

and 4Aida Hamimi, I.

1Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,

26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,

26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia 3Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli,

Locked Bag 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan 4Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI),

43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Kappaphycus alverazii (KA), Eucheuma spinosum (ESp) and Eucheuma striatum (ESt) are

widely farmed in Kunak, Sabah for food and carrageenan sources. This study was evaluated the

nutritional and mineral compositions, physiochemical properties and antioxidant activities of

those edible KA, ESp and ESt seaweeds. Results of physicochemical properties and nutritional

profile reveal the range of dietary fibre (12.5-8.10% DW), carbohydrate (71.83-70.28% DW),

crude protein (3.73-1.56% DW) and lipid content (0.05-0.02% DW) of the three red seaweeds

species. KA, ESp and ESt contains biologically important amino acids including Arginine,

Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine with total range 15-20 mg/g DW. 7 compositions of mineral

evaluated are varies according to the species, with Esp showed the highest mineral contents of

Ca (202.65 mg/100g DW), Mg (299.48 mg/100g DW) and KA exhibited highest Fe content with

50.49 mg/100g DW (p<0.05). Physiochemical properties value of swelling capacity (SC) and oil

retention capacity (ORC) in KA species showed the highest (p<0.05) compare to ESp and ESt

and water retention capacity (WRC) in ESp species was significant difference than KA and ESt

(p<0.05). The antioxidant activities (DPPH assay) and total phenolic content (TPC) of three

seaweeds species indicated KA displayed highest TPC (19.17 + 0.04 mg GAE/g DW) and the

lowest radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay (31.24% DPPH inhibition). The research

highlighted is to support the local agricultural commodity in Sabah by creating the nutritional

data especially for Eucheuma species and comparing nutritional value with other species and

vegetable. The findings also suggest that KA, ESp and ESt. exhibit potent nutritional value could

be used as a source of nutrients for human and animals.

Keywords: red seaweed, proximate composition, physicochemical properties, antioxidant

activities, mineral content


143


ABSTRACT - ORAL

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOL

EXTRACT FROM THE LEAVES OF MACARANGA GIGANTEA

M. Sulaiman M. Johari1,2*, Norizan Ahmat1,2, Zetty Zulikha Hafiz1,2

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor,

Malaysia 2Atta-Ur-Rahman, Institute of Natural Product, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam

Campus,42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is a mutual neurodegenerative disease that affects the eldest and the main

symptom is a loss memory. Studies have suggested that AD occurred as a result of the decreased

level of ACh in the brain which led to the obstruction in cholinergic transmission. Cholinergic

system in AD patients contain cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes namely acetylcholinesterase

(AChE), which responsible for hydrolyzing neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) into choline

and acetate ion. One of the most reliable therapeutic methods to treat this disease is by inhibiting

acetyl-cholinesterase (AChe), the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of ACh at the

cholinergic synapse. Some drug such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine is

believed to have side effect such as nausea and diarrhoea. In this study, we have methanol crude

extract from the leaves of Macaranga gigantea for its in-vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory

activity. Euphorbiaceae is a spurge family and a large family of flowering plant with 300 genera

and 7500 species. Genus Macaranga belongs to this family and known for their mutual

associations with ants. This plant is widely distributed mainly to the tropics of Africa, South-

East Asia, Australia and the South Pacific region. In folk medicine, traditional healers use fresh

or dried leaves of some Macaranga species to treat swellings, cuts, sores, boils and bruises. The

extract displays a good AChE inhibition activity at IC50 at 39.89 ± 4.57 ug/ml. Besides, the

preliminary phytochemical screening and TLC were done to show the potential secondary

metabolite existed in the crude extract and can be further for isolation and elucidation of

chemical constituent which may be utilized as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer’s

disease.

Keywords: alzheimer’s diesease, acetylcholinesterase, Euphorbiaceae, Macaranga gigantea

144


ABSTRACT - POSTER

ADVANCED MATERIALS

THE VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOUR OF DICLOFENAC VIA

MICROPOROUS MEMBRANE AT WATER 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE

INTERFACE SYSTEM

Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi*and Eissa M. Al-mbrok

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400

UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

The characterisation of electrochemical behaviour of microporous silicon nitride membrane,

across the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) was achieved by

studying the ion transfer of tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACl) as a model ion. The

transfer characteristics of the ionizable drug diclofenac (DCF), which is used as an anti-

inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic and analgesic treatment, is in common use in

biomedical and medical applications, across liquid | liquid interface modified by microporous

silicon nitride were also investigated using voltammetric techniques. Although the cyclic

voltammograms indicated that the DCF‾ transferred across the interface at the negative applied

potential limit set by Cl‾ transfer, the measured half-wave potential of DCF was determined,

which enabled the determination of some thermodynamic variables for DCF, such as the

standard Gibbs energy of transfer and the standard transfer potential. The diffusion coefficient

of the transferring ion in the aqueous phase can be determined from the voltammogram. The

influence of possible interfering substances such as ascorbic acid, sugar, amino acid, urea and

metal ions on the detection of DCFˉ was also being studied.

Keywords: ion transfer, diclofenac anion, microporous membrane, cyclic voltammetry

145


ABSTRACT - POSTER

UTILIZATION OF NEEM LEAF EXTRACT ON BIOSYNTHESIS OF IRON

OXDIE NANOPARTICLES IN SODIUM HYDROXIDE MEDIUM

Nurul Izza Taib1*, Nur Diyana Syazwani Zambri2, Famiza Abd Latif 2 and Zakiah Mohamed2

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus,

35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

The present work reports the successful synthesis of biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles

(Fe3O4-NPs) with the use of non-toxic leaf extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) as a reducing

and stabilizing agent. The successful synthesis was confirmed by infrared spectra analysis with

strong peak observed between 400-600 cm-1 that correspond to magnetite nanoparticles

characteristics. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that iron oxide nanoparticles are high

purity with crystalline cubic structure phase in nature. Besides, the average size of iron oxide

nanoparticles was observed to be 9-12 nm with mostly irregular shape using Transmission

Electron Microscope (TEM). From Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis proven that

the nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic properties with magnetization value was 73 emu/g

and the results showed a superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, suggesting the

potential applications for magnetic targeting drug delivery system.

Keywords: biosynthesis, iron oxide nanoparticles, Azadirachta Indica, superparamagnetic,

vibrating sample magnetometer

146


ABSTRACT - POSTER

PHOTODEGRADATION OF PARACETAMOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

BY HYBRID ZnO-PES PHOTOCATALYST

Maureen Chijioke-Okere1,2, Emeka E. Oguzie2 Abdul Halim Abdullah1,3*, Cynthia E. Ogukwe2 and

Paschal C. Njoku2


43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Owerri,

P.M.B 1526, Owerri. Imo State Nigeria 3Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

In this study, a number of ZnO-Polyethersulfone (PES) photocatalyst films were prepared by the

phase inversion process. The resulting samples were characterized by different analytical

techniques such as SEM, XRD and AFM. The SEM-EDX results confirm the successful

immobilization of ZnO. The plain polyethersulfone sample displayed a smooth surface as

compared to the various weight compositions of ZnO-PES which showed porous microvoid

structures. The XRD data revealed that the prepared catalysts were quite crystalline with a

hexagonal wurtzite structure characteristic of ZnO, while the AFM probe affirmed the surface

roughness of the catalysts. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared catalysts were tested

under UV irradiation for the degradation of of paracetamol. The results obtained showed that

ZnO-PES 15 wt% content exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity and remained stable over

six cycles.

Keywords: ZnO, polyethersulfone, paracetamol, photocatalytic degradation, UV irradiation

147


ABSTRACT - POSTER

MORPHOLOGICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON

DIOXIDE FILLED POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL PLASTICIZED

POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE ELECTROLYTES

Sharil Fadli Mohamad Zamri1,2*, Famiza Abdul Latif1,2, Ruhani Ibrahim1,2, Fazni Susila Abdul Ghani1,2

and Nurul Dhabitah Basri1

1School of Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2Synthesis and Application of Conducting Polymer Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) filled polyethylene glycol (PEG) plasticized polymethyl methacrylate

(PMMA) electrolytes were prepared by solvent casting method with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as

solvent. The films were opaque as SiO2 was added. Interestingly, the opacity of the films

decreases as lithium tetraflouroborate (LiBF4) was added. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

analysis shows that the surface of the films was rough and porous. The porosity of the films

increased as amount of SiO2 increased. However, the surface of films was smooth when LiBF4

salt was added. Optical microscopy (OM) analysis revealed that the morphology of the films

exhibit phase separation. The phase separation of the films blends was reduced when amount of

filler added increased up to 7%. The polymer film exhibits the highest ionic conductivity of 5.55

x 10-6 Scm-1 containing 3% of filler at room temperature.

Keywords: polymer electrolyte, lithium tetraflouroborate, silicon dioxide, polyethylene glycol,

polymethyl methacrylate

148


ABSTRACT - POSTER

STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGY, CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL

STUDIES OF POLYANILINE FABRICS DOPED HCl AND pTSA ACIDS

Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin1*, Nazreen Che Roslan2, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim3,

Siti Norzatul Ikma Omar4 and Mohd Muzamir Mahat1*

Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,

Selangor Malaysia


Abstract

In this work, conductive fabrics based conducting polymers were fabricated using a facile

method namely immersion. Fabrics such as cotton and polyester were immersed in Polyaniline

(PANI), a conducting polymer solution followed by drying process. In order to make the fabric

conductive, the dopant was added into the polymer. The doping was completed by treating with

HCl prepared in 0.3 wt%, 0.6 wt% and 0.9 wt% concentration. The doping process changes the

colour of PANI from blue PANI Emeraldine Base (EB) to green colour, PANI Emeraldine Salt

(ES). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM)

and electro impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to analyse the chemical structure,

morphology and conductivity of fabricated fabrics, respectively. In advanced, thermogravimetric

analysis (TGA) was used to analyse thermal characteristics of the doped fabrics. Based on the

FTIR spectra, it can be observed that there is the presence of benzoid and quinoid structure in

both fabrics proving that the PANI has been successfully doped. Furthermore, the presence of

and C-N polaron peak has indicated that the fabrics have been doped with HCl. FESEM analysis

revealed the distribution of precipitates are homogenous in polyester which provide better

surface area and give string bonding with acid compared to cotton. Moreover, based on the EIS

result, it can be concluded that doping with 0.9 wt% HCl give excellent conductivity compared

to 0.3 wt% concentration. Also, TGA result illustrated that there were three major stages for

weight losses of the both fabricated fabrics. As a result, polyester fabric gives higher degradation

time compared to cotton fabric.

Keywords: polyaniline, fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscope,

electro impedance spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis

149


ABSTRACT - POSTER

STRUCTURAL, ELEMENTAL AND CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES OF

POLYANILINE DOPED PHOSPHORIC ACID

Nazreen Che Roslan1*, Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin1, Siti Nurzatul Ikma Omar1,

Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim2 and Mohd Muzamir Mahat1*

1School of Physics and Materials Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2School of Chemistry and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Polyaniline, a form of conductive polymer was synthesized through chemical oxidation method

using phosphoric acid as dopant. During the synthesis, HCl protonates the aniline forming a long

chain, namely polyaniline emeraldine salt (PANI-ES). Prior the incorporation of phosphoric

acid, PANI-ES was dedoped by NaOH producing polyaniline emeraldine base (PANI-EB).

Subsequently, the PANI-EB was doped with Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at different concentration

of 10% v/v, 20% v/v and 30% v/v. Since the sample was tested in fabric form, cotton and

polyester was impregnated in the prepared PANI solutions. All sample prepared were

characterized using UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared

Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM),

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to investigate

the molecular transition, chemical structure, morphology, conductivity and elemental

composition respectively. Both UV-Vis and FTIR revealed the presence of benzenoid and

quinoid structure within the samples which is correspond to polyaniline structure. FESEM

images showed more expressive effect of the different in concentration of dopant in polyester

fabric than cotton fabric. This is in line with the conductivity result of EIS that showed higher

conductivity on polyester sample where highest conductivity was obtained at 30 v/v % (1.62 x

10-4 S/m ± 2.30 x 10-4). XRF analysis was carried out to confirm the elemental composition

that present on the sample, especially the dopant component (phosphate group). To conclude,

polyaniline doped phosphoric acid has been successfully synthesized and incorporated into

fabric.

Keywords: polyaniline, conductive fabrics, phosphoric acid

150


ABSTRACT - POSTER

STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND CRYSTAL PHASE OF ZrO2 CATALYST

GENERATED VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD

Muhammad Farhan Hanafi and Norzahir Sapawe*


Technology (UniKL MICET), Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,

Malaysia


Abstract

In this study, the morphology and crystal phase of electrogenerated zirconia nanoparticles

(EGZrO2) was prepared via simple electrochemical method. A pure tetragonal zirconia was

formed at a lower calcination temperature without any additional of chemical during preparation

step. It is suggested that the use of tetraethylammonium perchlorate (TEAP) in the electrolysis

system was responsible for the stabilization formation of t-EGZrO2 by preventing the

agglomeration of metal clusters with undesired powders, subsequently decrease in ZrO2 crystal

size. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalyst was subjected to the degradation of

phenol in an aqueous solution. The result shows that almost complete of phenol was degraded

using 0.4 mg/L of catalyst dosage at pH 9 under light irradiation within 1 hour of contact time.

Therefore, a good photoactivity of t-EGZrO2 toward phenol degradation with simple process will

exhibits great potential for improving the quality of wastewater discharge from industries.

Keywords: morphology, crystal phase, electrogenerated, zirconia, tetragonal, photocatalytic

151


ABSTRACT - POSTER

PREPARATION OF HIGH PURITY AMORPHOUS SILICA FROM OIL PALM

FROND (OPF)ASH VIA ACID LEACHING TREATMENT

Nor Surayah Osman and Norzahir Sapawe*



Malaysia


Abstract

High purity amorphous silica was successfully prepared from oil palm frond (OPF) ash via acid

leaching treatment using citric acid at optimum temperature, reaction time and concentration.

The prepared silica were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),

atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), and ultraviolet-visible

diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) which exhibit the significant different on the

OPF ash before and after acid leaching treatment.

Keywords: oil palm frond OPF, acid leaching treatment, silica

152


ABSTRACT - POSTER

ELECTROBIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

USING GARCINIA MANGOSTANA PEEL EXTRACT FOR

DEGRADATION OF MALACHITE GREEN

Mohd Ariff Rustam and Norzahir Sapawe*



Malaysia


Abstract

A simple electrosynthesis method of AgO nanoparticle catalysts using new supporting

electrolyte made up from plant crude extract was studied. The catalysts were characterized using

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showing the purity and nature of the AgO nanoparticles with the

bands in fingerprint region below 1000 cm-1. A 10 mg L–1 malachite green was nearly complete

degraded (97.9%) when using 0.5 g L–1 of AgO catalyst, respectively, at pH 2 under light

irradiation; while compared to conventional method synthesized of AgO which only gave 63.0%

of malachite green degradation. The degradation followed pseudo first–order kinetic rationalized

Langmuir Hinshelwood model with KR = 0.7160 mg L−1 min−1 and KLH = 0.4847 L mg−1 for

AgO catalyst, resulted that the reaction would occur in the bulk solution as well as at the surface

of the catalyst. Excellent activity towards degradation of malachite green promises the catalysts

to be used in textiles industry wastewater treatment and also other applications.

Keywords: electrosynthesis, Garcinia mangostana, AgO nanoparticles, malachite green,

photocatalytic

153


ABSTRACT - POSTER

ELECTROSYNTHESIS OF Zn-Cu SUPPORTED CALCINED EGG SHELLS

FOR REMOVAL OF CONGO RED

Nurul Fahmi Khairol and Norzahir Sapawe*



Malaysia


Abstract

The zinc-copper supported calcined egg shells (ZnO-CuO/CES) were generated via a simple

electrochemical method. The physico-chemical properties of catalysts were identified by X-ray

diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance

spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The catalysts photocatalytic activity was studied under various

parameters which are effect of pH, metal loading, catalyst dosage, and initial dye concentration.

Approximately around 98% of 10 mg L-1 Congo red (CR) was degrade by 1.0 g L-1 1:5wt%

ZnO-CuO/CES at pH 3. Nearly complete mineralization of CR was accomplished as refer to

biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) analyses. The catalysts

were stable after five cycles with just small decrement (<10%) of degradation percentage without

ions leaching. The degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetic rationalized Langmuir-

Hinshelwood model.

Keyword: Zn-Cu/CES catalyst, electrochemical, photocatalytic, Congo red

154


ABSTRACT - POSTER

ELECTROBIOSYNTHESIS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLE

USING HIBISCUS LEAF EXTRACT VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD

FOR PHENOL DEGRADATION

Muhammad Syahin Firdaus Aziz Zamri and Norzahir Sapawe*



Malaysia


Abstract

Biological synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using electrochemical method has always been

a better alternative compared to the conventional methods. The present study has developed an

eco-friendly method for green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles via electrochemical

method using the presence hibiscus leaf extract as green support electrolyte. The catalysts were

characterized using various analytical instruments such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field

emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The

presence of biological components inside the crude extract helped to alter the shape, surface

area, pore size and volume for synthesized TiO2 which eventually could help in increasing the

performance of the catalyst.

Keywords: electrosynthesis, Garcinia mangostana, AgO nanoparticles, malachite green,

photocatalytic

155


ABSTRACT - POSTER


EMISSION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS COMPOUND

IN SMOKE PARTICULATE AT THREE DIFFERENT COMBUSTION

STAGES FROM BURNING OF RHIZOPHORA APICULATA,

MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRON AND HEVEA BRASILIENSIS WOOD

Suhaimi Suratman1,2, Tan Hock Seng1, Mhd Radzi Abas3 and Norhayati Mohd Tahir1

1Institute of Oceanography and Environment

2Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3Chemistry Department, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize and determine the concentration of polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons (PAHs) compound emitted in smoke particulate from burning of Rhizophora

apiculata, Melaleuca leucadendron and Hevea Brasilensis at smoldering, flaming and charring

stage. Smoke particulate was sampled using Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) High Volume

Sampler at rate of 1.13m3/min and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was extracted with

dichloromethane-methanol (3:1 v/v) using ultrasonic agitation. Fractionation of PAHs was

carried out on alumina-silica column and analyse with GC-MS. Results obtained showed most

samples exhibit highest total identified PAHs (TIPAH) in smoldering stage with formation of

three rings and above PAHs increases from smoldering to flaming and reduce as combustion

enter charring stage. Naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were the dominant PAHs detected

in the wood smoke particulate depending to combustion stages. In overall, emission and

formation of PAHs compounds are strongly dependent combustion stages as well as other factors

such as wood morphology, species, moisture content and combustion temperature.

Keywords: smoke aerosols, biomass burning, combustion process, polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons.

156


ABSTRACT - POSTER

HEAVY METALS IN MARSH CLAM (POLYMESODA EXPANSA) AS

BIOINDICATOR FOR POLLUTION IN SAND MINING AREA OFF

KELANTAN RIVER, MALAYSIA

Abdul Hafidz Yusoff1*, Nurul Nashuha Roslan1, Azwan Mat Lazim2, Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir2,

Nor Fakihin Aqsa1 and Minhaz Farid Ahmed

1Advance Industrial Biotechnology Cluster (AdBic), Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology,

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Locked Bag No. 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan 2Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor

3Institute for The Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi Selangor


Abstract:

Sand mining activities at the Kelantan River affect the river ecosystem. Several studies have

been carried out to investigate the impact of sand mining to the water quality of Kelantan River.

However, there are lack of study on the effect of sand mining to the organism. Therefore, the

aim of this study is to assess the concentration level of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in bivalve of genus

(Polymesoda Expansa) marsh clam from the Kelantan River tributaries namely Semarak and

Geting River which are located near to sand mining area. More than 50 marsh clams were

collected at these sites. Heavy metals in marsh clam were extracted using aqua regia methods

and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The result shows the mean

concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu at Semarak River are 4.61 ppm, 2.16 ppm, 194 ppm and

6.20 ppm respectively. While the concentrations at Geting River are 4.43ppm, 2.50 ppm, 196

ppm and 7.90 ppm respectively. The pattern of metal concentration within the whole tissue of

marsh clams (Polymesoda Expansa) from Geting River and Semarak River can be presented as

the following rank Zn> Pb> Cd>Cu. The mean concentration of selected metals (Zn, Cd, Pb) in

the samples were exceeded the permissible limit provide by Malaysia Food Safety and Food

Regulation 1985, FAO/WHO, Ministry of Health Thailand and Food and Drug administration

of United States (USFDA). Therefore, continuous monitoring is essential to avoid increasing

health risk for aquatic life as well as human.

Keywords: marsh clams, bioaccumulation, heavy metals, aquatic environment, Kelantan river

157


ABSTRACT - POSTER

EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM AQUEOUS USING HYBRID

GRAPHITE NANOFLAKES/MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES,

AMINE FUNCTIONALIZED MESOPOROUS SILICA AND GRAPHITE

NANOFLAKES

Haslina Ahmad,1,2* Vilander Vince Laini,1 Tan Zhi Qian,1 Radhiah Mohd Jelani1, Fatin Ahza Rosli1

and Sazlinda Kamaruzzaman1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,

Selangor, Malaysia bIntegrated Chemical Biophysics Research Centre, Faculty Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,


Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Noxious heavy metal ions contamination has become a serious environmental problem

nowadays. Among all of the toxic heavy metal ions, lead (II) ion, is the most commonly

encountered in industrial and agricultural wastewater and in acidic wash-away from landfills

site. Long-term consumption of water containing high level of lead ion would cause serious

disorders, such as anemia, kidney disease, nausea, convulsions, coma, renal failure, and cancer,

along with subtly negative effects on metabolism and intelligence. Hence, the removal of lead

traces from the environment has gained a special concern due to their persistence. In this study,

batch experiments were conducted to study the capability of hybrid graphite

nanoflakes/mesoporous silica nanoparticles (GnP/MSNs) for the removal of lead, against amine

functionalized mesoporous silica (NH2-MSN) and pristine graphite nanoflakes (GnP). The

influence of several parameters such as pH of the aqueous sample, amount of adsorbent, initial

concentration of the lead (II) ions and contact time were examined to optimize the adsorption

efficiency of the adsorbents under study. Lead (II) ion can be extracted at pH 4 from sample

volume of 10 mL with concentration of 10 ppm by utilizing 10 mg of each respective adsorbent.

The analysis of the sample was done by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS).

Furthermore, GnP/MSNs also has greatly reduced the aggregation of pristine graphite in water

in which GnP/MSNs is more easily to be removed from tested sample by centrifugation process

compared to pristine graphite. Besides, the hybridization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with

graphite nanoparticles has also enhanced the thermal stability and chemical stability of the

nanoparticles which enable it to be employed in a much wider usage. However, in term of

consistency and selectivity of the lead (II) ions removal, NH2-MSN show the highest efficiency

since it is able to remove lead (II) ions in a more concentrated sample with systematic order.

Keyword: mesoporous silica nanoparticles, graphite nanoflakes, lead, hybrid nanoparticles

158


ABSTRACT - POSTER

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN E-CIGARETTE LIQUIDS AND

AEROSOLS USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS

SPECTROMETRY (GCMS)

Mohd Naeem bin Mohd Nawi*1, Sharifah Mazrah Sayed Mohamed Zain2 and Mohd Fairulnizal Md

Noh3

1Nutrition Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical

Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52,

Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor 2Enviromental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR),

National Institutes of Health, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam,

40170, Shah Alam, Selangor 3Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR),

National Institutes of Health, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13,

Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor


Abstract

Electronic cigarettes (EC) are battery-powered metal devices with heating element and refillable

liquid-containing cartridge (e-liquids). The e-liquids contains humectants such as propylene

glycol (PG), glycerine, flavourings and nicotine. The heating element in e-cigarette device

aerosolized the e-liquids when the power source of e-cigarette is pressed. These aerosols mimic

the aerosol emitted from the conventional cigarettes. Main purpose of the study is to evaluate

the chemical composition of e-liquids and their resultant aerosol for possible similarities and

differences. We analysed the volatile organic compounds in e-liquids and the aerosols samples

from EC using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Chemical substances from 72 e-liquids

samples and their resultant aerosols were analysed. Our data identified 116 compounds from e-

liquids and 275 compounds from their resultant aerosol samples. At least 60% (n=43) of the e-

liquids and the resultant aerosol samples contain nicotine. We also detected chemicals such as

acetaldehyde, propylene oxide, acrolein, acetone, xylenes, styrene, and benzaldehyde in the

aerosol samples. Ten aerosol samples contained acetaldehyde and 57 aerosol samples contained

acrolein, which are known as hazardous air pollutants. Significant increases were detected in

aerosols compared to e-liquids samples for certain compounds such as ethyl acetate, 2(3H)-

Furanone, 5-hexyldihydro- and 1,2-Propanediol, 2-Acetate. Forty-five compounds were found

to be present in either e-liquids or aerosol samples only. E-liquids contains various compounds

such as Propylene Glycol, Glycerin and Nicotine. Formation of the compounds could be linked

to the aerosolization process during the usage of EC which have potential implications to health.

In line with this, there is an urgent need to develop a standard guideline on the specification of

e-liquids as well as the device.

Keywords: E-cigarettes, aerosol, refill

159


ABSTRACT - POSTER

INVESTIGATION ON THE STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

OF CHITOSAN BASED UREA FERTILISERS IN SOIL AND WATER

Amierul Hakiem Azhari1*, Arina Shairah Abdul Sukor2, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim3 and Mohd

Muzamir Mahat1*

1Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor


Abstract

Slow release fertiliser is an interest due to the demand in producing controllable properties of

fertiliser. This is crucial to avoid the excess amount of nutrients supplied to a plant, which can

lead to environmental issues and disturbance of plant’s growth. This study reports the synthesis

of chitosan based urea fertilisers (CBUF) by direct wet mixing method. They were prepared in

three different formulations, followed by exposure to soil and water. These CBUFs were

characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red and Scanning electron

microscope (SEM). Any changes of phases, functional groups and morphologies of the CBUF

after the exposure were identified using afore mentioned techniques. We found that after 14

days exposing to soil and water, some XRD peaks were depleted due to loss of nutrient

components. FTIR analysis shows the similar trends due to loss of some functional groups. These

are in line with the change of CBUF morphologies, supporting the first two findings. We

recorded the weight loss of CBUF after the expose in soil. This is due to microbial activity within

the soils system. We found that, there is an increase of water absorption activity of CBUF after

exposing to water which due to amount of hydrophilic components added in the CBUF. This

study embarks an approach to the slow release fertiliser, plus revealing their release mechanism.

Keywords: chitosan based urea fertilisers (CBUF), x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-

red, scanning electron microscope

160


ABSTRACT - POSTER

STUDY ON THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF PHENOL USING

ELECTROGENERATED ZIRCONIA CATALYST

Muhammad Farhan Hanafi and Norzahir Sapawe*



Malaysia


Abstract

An electrogenerated ZrO2 catalyst was prepared through a simple electrochemical method which

resulted in superior photoactivity toward phenolic compound degradation. Almost complete

degradation of 10 mg L-1 phenol solution in an aqueous solution was achieved using 0.4 g L−1 of

ZrO2 catalyst within 1 h of contact time at pH 9 under light irradiation. The photodegradation

reaction was followed pseudo first–order kinetic rationalized Langmuir–Hinshelwood model.

An excellent photo-activity toward phenol degradation makes ZrO2 catalyst could be practically

use in textiles industry wastewater treatment and also other applications.

Keywords: ZrO2, electrochemical, photocatalytic, phenol, Langmuir-Hinshelwood model

161


ABSTRACT - POSTER

SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES FROM SKEWER OF

COCONUT LEAVES FOR REMOVAL METHYLENE BLUE

Yusak Asri Mohd Esa and Norzahir Sapawe*



Malaysia


Abstract

In this study, silica nanoparticles (SNPs) was extract from skewer of coconut leaves and

modified to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), in order to adsorb methylene blue in an

aqueous solution. The performance of adsorption was evaluated under several condition: effect

of pH (3,5,7,9,11), adsorbent dosage (0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 g/L), initial dye concentration

(10,20,30,50,70,100 ppm), and temperature (30,50,70 ºC). The optimum condition was obtained

at pH 7 using 0.3 g of MSNs with 95% removal of 10 ppm MB dye under room temperature.

The nature of adsorption process followed Langmuir type I with pseudo-second order kinetic

model. In addition, thermodynamics study shows the reaction is exothermic, spontaneous and

physisorption in nature.

Keywords: silica nanoparticles (SNPs), skewer coconut leaves, methylene blue, adsorption

162


ABSTRACT - POSTER

SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES FROM BANANA PEEL ASH FOR

REMOVAL OF PHENOL AND METHYL ORANGE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Diyana Faziha Mohamad and Norzahir Sapawe*



Malaysia


Abstract

Nowadays, the agriculture and domestic activities has increased on producing the wastewater

that containing high concentration of organic pollutants such as phenol and methyl orange (MO)

dye. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) was extract from banana peel ash and undergo modification to

produce mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The ability of MSNs to adsorb phenol and

MO under several different conditions were examined which are effect of pH (3-11), adsorbent

dosage (0.1-0.5 g/L), initial dyes concentration (10-50 ppm), and temperature (303-343 K). An

amount of 0.4 g/L MSNs give 92.6% and 91.1% removal of 10 ppm phenol and MO at pH 5 and

pH 3, in respectively under 343 K. Isotherm study reveals that the reaction follows Langmuir

Type I with a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic study shows the exothermic

reaction is occurred for phenol, while endothermic reaction is for MO. The excellent

performance of the MSNs is believed could be applied for removal other type of organic

contaminants in wastewater.

Keywords: silica nanoparticles (SNPs), banana peel extracts, phenol, methyl orange,

adsorption

163


ABSTRACT - POSTER

SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLE FROM BAMBOO LEAVES

ASH FOR REMOVAL OF METHYL ORANGE AND PHENOL

Mohd Khairul Hanif Mohd Nazri and Norzahir Sapawe*



Malaysia


Abstract

In this study, the bamboo leave was used to generate silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and undergo

modification to form mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), and examine its ability to adsorb

phenol and MO. Several parameters were carried out such as effect of pH (3-11), adsorbent

dosage (0.1-0.5 g/L), initial dyes concentration (10-50 ppm), and temperature (303-343 K). The

suitable pH for the removal of phenol and MO were at pH 5 and pH 3 using 0.4 g/L of MSNs

with a rapid removal 93.8% and 97.2% of 10 ppm phenol and MO at 343 K, respectively. An

exccellent performance of MSNs shows it could be potential to be applied as alternative low-

cost adsorbent in the remediation of organic contamination in wastewater.

Keywords: silica nanoparticles (SNPs), bamboo leaves ash, phenol, methyl orange, low-cost

adsorbent

164


ABSTRACT - POSTER

SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF

TRIAZOLE-CONTAINING METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFS)

Thahira Begum S. A Ravoof1,2*, Nurul Nabihah Mohamad Ishak2 and Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed

Tahir3


43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted great attention amongst researchers due to

their exceptional properties. Generally, MOFs represent a new class of porous crystalline

materials which contain organic linkers and inorganic joints. One of the main advantages of

MOFs as materials is the diversity of transition metals that can be present in the various

compositions in the structures. In particular, the synthesis of MOFs with nitrogen-rich ligands

are extremely versatile materials. Two new mixed ligand coordination polymers containing

cadmium (II) ions were successfully synthesised under solvothermal conditions by the self-

assembly of carboxylate derivatives and aminotriazole. The compounds were characterised via

Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transmission Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) analysis and the topology of the compound

was determined by Scanning Emission Microscopy (SEM). Peaks present at low angles in the

PXRD pattern indicated the formation of a large lattice unit cell of the frameworks. The

compounds were also structurally characterised by Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction analysis

(SXRD). Both colorless block crystals crystallized in a monoclinic system with I 2/m space

group. Each cadmium (II) ion was six-coordinated by one N atom from the aminotriazole and

diaminotriazole ligands and one O atom each from two carboxylate ligands. These compounds

are currently being evaluated as materials for nitrobenzene reduction

Keywords: metal-organic frameworks, Cd(II), azole, crystal structure, three dimensional

frameworks

165


ABSTRACT - POSTER

ENZYME CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION OF SUGAR BY

THERMOSTABLE T1 LIPASE FROM Geobacillus Zalihae IN IONIC LIQUID

Emilia Abdulmalek1,2*, Hanim Salami Mohd Saupi1, Syarilaida Zulkefli1 and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul

Rahman1,2

1Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

The effectiveness of T1 lipase from Geobacillus zalihae strain as enzyme in esterification

reaction to form fatty acid sugar ester was investigated. The reaction was carried out in

[Bmim]BF4 where dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a co-solvent to dissolve the sugars.

The optimization was done using galactose as the acyl acceptor and oleic acid as the acyl donor,

by varying the temperature, time, enzyme loading and acyl donor. The optimum conditions

obtained were temperature (65°C), time (120 min) and enzyme loading (3% (w/w)) when carried

out in mixture of DMSO:[Bmim][BF4] (1:20). The length of the acyl donor was found to have

no effect on the percentage of conversion. Under the optimum conditions, reaction of linoleic

acid with various sugar (galactose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose and xylitol) was

carried out and the conversion using sucrose was the best at 65%.

Keywords: T1 lipase, Geobacillus zalihae strain, fatty acid sugar ester, ionic liquid,

esterification

166


ABSTRACT - POSTER

IONOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF Zn-BASED METAL ORGANIC

FRAMEWORKS IN PYRIDINIUM IONIC LIQUID

Haslina Ahmad1, 2*, Nur Aininie Yusoh1, Khairulazhar Jumbri3 and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1,2

1Chemistry Department, Faculty Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,

Selangor, Malaysia 2Integrated Chemical Biophysics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas,

Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak


Abstract

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous frameworks which have been

investigated as absorbent for removing dye, metal ion, drug contaminant, and organic solvent

from water. However, the traditional synthesis of MOF involves the use of organic solvents and

also requires high temperature; termed solvothermal reaction. This study aimed to synthesis

MOF in a rather mild condition (room temperature) using ionic liquids (ILs) instead of organic

solvents. Theoretically, high ionic conductivity of cetyl pyridinium bromide (C16PyBr) ionic

liquid can develop novel MOF compounds thus, this study also aimed to investigate the possible

effects of using ionic liquid in MOF synthesis. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) was

used as the metal precursor and was reacted with the organic linkers, which is either benzene-

1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) or benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (H2BDC), at 6:1 ratio in C16PyBr

ionic liquid at room temperature. We hope to fabricate Zn-BDC and Zn-BTC MOFs with the

same compositions, and thus recognize the effects of ILs. The Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD)

and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra of both newly synthesized MOFs

showed that both Zn-BDC and Zn-BTC MOFs can be reproduced with these conditions. ILs

have also been found to significantly accelerate the formation of MOFs at room temperature as

the reaction time is shortened to 6 hours in IL, meanwhile the organic solvent DMF needs at

least 120 hours.

Keywords: metal organic frameworks, ionic liquids, Zn-BDC, Zn-BTC

167


ABSTRACT - POSTER

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF

RHENIUM(I) COMPLEX WITH CINNAMOYL-PYRIDYLPYRAZOLE

LIGAND

Wun Fui Mark-Lee1, Yan Yi Chong2, Azizul Hakim Lahuri1 and Mohammad B. Kassim2

1Department of Basic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences,

Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus 2Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Re(I) complexes have been described as a promising tool for DNA probes where Re(I)

tricarbonyl complexes have favourable structural features suitable for DNA intercalation.

Herein, a new polypyridyl complex fac-[Re(N∧N)(CO)3Cl] (N^N = 1-cinnamoyl-3-(pyridin-2-

yl)pyrazole) abbreviated as Re(CO)3(CnPyPz)Cl was synthesised and characterised with

infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopies and X-ray

crystallography. The IR spectra featured three (CO), (C=O), (CN) and (CC) signals at

1862-2019, 1724, 1609 and 1497 cm1, respectively. The 13C NMR spectra showed three CO

(190.0 – 198.1 ppm) signals whereas the 1H spectrum for Re(CO)3(CnPyPz)Cl exhibited two

pairs of doublet (7.81 and 8.18 ppm) for the vinyl H of the HCCH of the cinnamoyl group. The

UV-Vis spectra of the complexes exhibited a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) broad band

in the region of 360-390 nm. The Re(CO)3(CnPyPz)Cl complex crystallised in a triclinic crystal

system with P-1 space group.

Keywords: rhenium(I) polypyridine, pyridylpyrazole, cinnamoyl

168


ABSTRACT - POSTER

BIOANALYSIS

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Cucurbita Moschata

Norfarizan Hanoon Noor Azmi* and Nor Aniza Mohmad Aspar

Nutrition and Dietetic Programme, School of Health Sciences, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan.


Abstract

Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin) has been receiving an increasing attention due to its nutritional

value and antioxidant properties. This study aims to evaluate the chemical compositions, total

phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity of the pumpkin flour (PF) and pumpkin seed

flour (PSF). PF and PSF undergo proximate analysis using AOAC methods. Minerals

composition was analyzed using AAS following standardized technique. Antioxidant activity was

determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity while

total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. PF had a significant

higher moisture, ash, and carbohydrate but lower calorie content as compared to both PSF and

control flour (P< 0.001). PSF had a significant higher crude fat (34.58 ± 0.62%), crude

protein (32.73 ± 0.85%), calorie (608.90 ± 0.98 kcal/100 g) and crude fiber (13.33 ± 0.29%)

content as compared to PF and control flour (P<0.001). PSF has a significantly higher iron and

copper content than PF and control flour (P < 0.001) while there is no significant differences in

the zinc content between PF and PSF. Besides, the highest TPC was detected in control flour

while there is no significant differences in the TPC between PF (5.49 ± 0.24 mg GAE/g) and PSF

(5.38 ± 0.56 mg GAE/g) (P = 0.95). PF was found to be the most potent scavenger with (67.59±

1.10%) of radical scavenging activity at concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. The DPPH radical

scavenging activity of PF in all concentrations were significantly higher in comparison to PSF

(P < 0.05). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of PF in all concentrations was significantly

higher than control flour except for concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. In conclusion, PF and PSF

may be potentially used as a functional ingredient to improve the nutritional values of food.

Keywords: chemical composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, Cucurbita

moschata, pumpkin flour, pumpkin seed flour

169


ABSTRACT - POSTER

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF

FUNCTIONAL GUMMY IN MALAYSIA CURRENT MARKET

Muhammad Afiq Fikri Md Jamil, Shahiman Manja Saharil, Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim,

Mohd Muzamir Mahat*

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia


Abstract

Nowadays, functional gummies are one of the fastest growing nutraceutical segments in food

industry. Every nutraceutical companies have produce their own functional gummies products

to be consumed by consumers. Sensory evaluation is performed to investigate which of the

products are popular and would be choose by the majority of consumers. Texture profile analysis

will give the exact values of mechanical properties of the functional gummies. Thus, these

evaluations will give the insights on which attributes have the most preferred by the population.

The brands are Redoxon, Chewies, Nature Way, Biolife, Scott’s, Guardian and LOT100. Fourier

Transform Infrared Spectroscopy would detect the organic material and functional groups that

contain in the functional gummies. From Texture profile analysis to the gummies, mechanical

properties obtained from the analysis are cohesiveness, springiness, hardness, gumminess and

chewiness. Scott’s brand has the highest value of cohesiveness with 0.92 and Nature Way has

high springiness value with 1.00. Biolife have the highest value for hardness, gumminess and

chewiness with the value of 12 532.2 g, 7617.6 N, and 6256.8 J respectively. For sensory

evaluation of functional gummies, LOT100 has been chosen by most of the respondent to have

the attractive color and appearance. Biolife has the best taste and Nature Way has the most

gumminess and chewiness characteristics. For overall acceptability, Nature Way is the most

preferable among the respondents. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy shows there are no

significant differences between all the samples.

Keywords: food analysis, texture profile analysis, FTIR, sensory evaluation

170


ABSTRACT - POSTER

SEPARATION CHEMISTRY

EFFECTS OF ANOMERIC NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS ON THE

STABILITY OF OIL-IN-WATER (O/W) EMULSIONS

Akmal A.M. Raffi and Hairul A.A. Hamid*

School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Emulsions have been widely used in many industries such as food, health treatment, and

pharmaceutical industries. This research was done with the aim of to know the effects of

anomeric non-ionic surfactant on the stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Another

objective of this research was to characterize the emulsion mixtures using creaming index

measurement, optical polarizing microscope, and tensiometer. The creaming index

measurements show that the α-surfactant (0.00% w/v–1.00% w/v) emulsion samples have a

constant creaming index value which is 60%. The β-surfactant emulsion samples show the lower

creaming index values ranging from 56.7% (0.25% w/v) to 55.6% (0.50% w/v–1.00% w/v). The

optical polarizing microscope is used in order to determine the droplet size of the emulsion. The

emulsion mixtures containing the α-surfactant produce the biggest droplet size of 19.64 µm and

the smallest droplet size of 9.98 µm. The emulsion mixtures containing the β-surfactant obtain

the biggest droplet size of 21.45 µm and the smallest droplet size of 4.86 µm. The biggest and

smallest droplet sizes of the emulsion mixtures corresponding to the samples with 0.00% w/v

and 1.00% w/v of surfactant concentrations. Samples with β-surfactant give better droplet size

distribution and more stable system as compared with the samples with α-surfactant. The

measurements of surface tension have been carried out using the tensiometer. The largest value

of 23.00 mN/m and the smallest value of 22.00 mN/m surface tensions are obtained from the

emulsion samples with α-surfactant. The β-surfactant samples provide the highest and lowest

surface tension values which are 23.00 mN/m and 21.77 mN/m, respectively.

Keywords: O/W emulsions, non-ionic surfactant, creaming index, droplet size, surface tension

171


ABSTRACT - POSTER

ANALYSIS OF INK ON PAPER USING OPTIMIZED METHOD ATR-FTIR

Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim1*, Putri Nabihah Abdul Khofar1, Sarah Nadhirah Hasrin Rathi1,

Mohd Muzamir Mahat1 and Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim2

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Selangor, 40450 Shah Alam. 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perak, 35400 Tapah, Perak


Abstract

Inks are made of dyes, pigments, resins, solvents and additives which are unique for ink

identification. In forensic document examination, non-destructive technique such as Attenuated

Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) is preferable as it provide fast

analysis and minimal sample preparation. However, forensic document examiner facing

difficulties in selecting the best parameter in analysing ink on paper using ATR-FTIR technique.

Therefore, this research focuses on establishing the optimize method and discriminate different

types of ballpoint pen inks based on the parameters tested. A sample was first analysed using

different types of crystals, number of scans and resolutions followed by apodization, zero-filling

and automatic atmospheric suppression to be optimized. The optimized method was then used

to analyse the chemical composition of five different ballpoint pen inks deposited on A4 paper.

Each spectrum produced was examined based on the smoothness, sharpness, separation of the

peaks and the number of noisy peaks present. Results show that diamond crystal with the number

of scans of 4 and resolution of 8 cm-1, Happ-Genzel apodization, no zero-filling and automatic

atmospheric suppression are the optimized and best method for ballpoint pen inks on paper.

Different brands of ink were able to be discriminated using the optimized method.

Keyword: ink, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR),

parameters


172


ABSTRACT - POSTER

THE ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER FIRECRACKER USING FTIR

SPECTROSCOPY

Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim1*, Mohd Muzamir Mahat1, Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim2,

Muhd Fauzi Safian1 and Zaidah Zainal Arifin1

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Selangor, 40450 Shah Alam 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perak, 35400 Tapah, Perak


Abstract

Fireworks and firecrackers are classified as a low explosive, however it can be lethal. In

Malaysia, fireworks and firecrackers can be easily purchased from black market during festive

season. Ironically, people are not aware on the harmful effect of these explosives which

contribute to high cases of severe injuries or even death. This study proposed simple and fast

analysis on consumer firecracker for post-blast residues using non-destructive technique of

Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Five

different consumer firecrackers which are rocket, ‘mercun bola’, ‘mercun naga’, ‘mercun

gasing’ and ‘mercun mini merdeka’ were used as low explosives sample. Samples were exploded

at on open field area with permission from local authority. The residues were sampled carefully

with dry cotton swabs and brought to the lab for the analysis. Presumptive tests such as modified

griess test and diphenylamine test show positive colour change for some samples. For ATR-

FTIR, the compounds from the firecracker found to be components of potassium chlorate,

barium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate or charcoal. Non-destructive and fast

analysis from this study could be used as a complementary technique for the analysis of

consumer firecrackers.

Keywords: firecrackers, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR)

spectroscopy, presumptive test.

173


ABSTRACT - POSTER

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC METHOD FOR

QUANTIFICATION OF DOCETAXEL IN PALM-BASED

NANOEMULSION AEROSOLS

Azren Aida Asmawi1, Norazlinaliza Salim1, Mas Jaffri Masarudin2, Emilia Abdulmalek1 and Mohd

Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1*

1Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among the most potent of

chemotherapeutic drugs used for lung cancer treatment are the taxanes, including docetaxel.

However, the drugs’ efficacy in combating the disease is reduced due to their poor solubility,

low stability and high toxicity. Inhalation therapy of lipid-based carrier has great potential in

direct target towards the respiratory diseases. Hence, application of aerosolized palm-based

nanoemulsion system is one approach to alleviate the drawbacks. This study describes the

development and validation of method that can quantitate the amount of docetaxel in

nanoemulsion formulation via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Chromatographic analysis was conducted using a reversed phase C18 column with a mixture of

acetonitrile and water (50:50) adjusted to pH 3.0 as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0

mL/min and the detection was carried out by UV-visible detector at 228 nm. The developed

method was validated in terms of linearity, spesificity, accuracy and precision accordance with

the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The calibration curve was

linear (r2 = 0.999) over the concentration range from 62.5 to 1000 μg/mL with lower limit of

detection (LOD) of 9.49 µg/mL and lower limit of quantification (LOQ) of 28.75 µg/mL. The

percentage relative standard deviation for both intra and inter-day precision was less than 2%,

while percentage recovery was more than 90%, indicating the precision and accuracy of the

study. The developed HPLC method was proved as suitable and reliable for its intended

application.

Keywords: aerosols, lung cancer, docetaxel, nanoemulsion, high-performance liquid

chromatography

174


ABSTRACT - POSTER

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF KETOPROFEN ENATIOMERS

WITH BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN

Asma Omar Obaid*, Siti Munirah Saharin, Arniza Khairani Mohd Jamil and Sharifah Mohamad

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur


Abstract

The interaction between ketoprofen enantiomers R(−) and S(+) with beta-cyclodextrin was

explored using spectrophotometry techniques. The UV and fluorescence spectra showed distinct

differences between R(−) and S(+) enantiomers in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin. Both

enantiomers form 1:1 host-guest complex resulting from UV and fluorescence experiments. The

thermodynamic parameter ΔG and binding constant were calculated at 303 K using Benesi–

Hildebrand plot. This result indicated that beta-CD formed the complexes with the R(−)-ketoprofen

more preferentially than its S(+)-enantiomer. This preliminary study revealed that beta-

cycldodextrin can be used as chiral selector for ketoprofen enantiomers.

Keywords: inclusion complex, spectrophotometry, β-cyclodextrin, ketoprofen enantiomer,

chiral recognition

175


ABSTRACT - POSTER

ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GUNSHOT RESIDUE

(GSR) ON DIFFERENT AMMUNITIONS USING ATTENUATED TOTAL

REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

(ATR-FTIR)

Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin*, Mohd Izzharif Abdul Halim and Zainiharyati Mohd Zain

School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

One of the major needs of law enforcement (Royal Malaysian Police) nowadays is a method that

can quickly, accurately and inexpensively identify the presence of gunshot residue (GSR) on the

hand of shooter as well as on the target material. Currently, in Malaysia the only method

available for the identification of chemical composition of GSR is scanning electron microscopy

equipped wih Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) which very costly analysis. Considering the

real situation of crime scene, the amount of GSR evidence found is very crucial. Therefore, fast,

reliable and nondestructive methods are required in analyzing the GSR sample. This study

reports the application of Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared

spectroscopy (FTIR) in analyzing the chemical composition of Organic GSR (OGSR) and the

unburned propellant from six different brands of ammunitions. The results have successfully

differentiated the different brands of ammunition. As a consequence, the used of ATR-FTIR

analysis demonstrate great potential for forensic chemical analysis purpose.

Keywords: Organic Gunshot residue (OGSR), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform

Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), ammunition, firearms

176


ABSTRACT - POSTER

SEPARATION OF A DIASTEREOMERIC PENTACYCLIC OXINDOLE

ALKALOIDS OF UNCARIA LONGIFLORA VAR. PTEROPODA

BY USING RECYCLING HPLC

Nurul Aina Suzlin Sulaiman1,2*, Yusri Mohd Yunus1 and Fatimah Salim2,3

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2Atta– ur– Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns),

Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3Center of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dengkil Campus,

43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

A mixture of diastereomeric pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POAs), pteropodine and

isopteropodine, was previously isolated from the leaf extract of Uncaria longiflora var.

pteropoda. The two POAs have been reported to possess various biological activities including

to anti-cancer, anti-asthma and anti-diabetes. The separation dan purification of the two POAs

are quite tedious as they only differ at C-7 position of their stucture. Thus, the present work

reports on their purification by using recycling-high performance liquid chromatographic

technique. A good separation was achieved with an injection volume of 10 mg/ml, isocratic

elution of CH3CN and H2O (8:2) and flow rate of 10.0 ml/min. Isopteropodine and pteropodine

were eluted after two complete cycles at minutes 65 and 50, respectively.

Keywords: recycling-high performance liquid chromatography, pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids,

isopteropodine, pteropodine

177


ABSTRACT - POSTER

UHPLC PROFILING OF THE LEAF, TWIG AND FLOWER EXTRACTS

OF ERYTHRINA FUSCA LOUR. AND THEIR CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES

Adiez Sapura Azmi1*, Norina Abdul Rahim1, Zuriati Zahari1 and Fatimah Salim2,3

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia 2Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA,

Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dengkil, 43800, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Erythrina fusca Lour. belongs to the legume family, Fabaceae, is a species of flowering tree and

locally known as ‘chengkering’. The plant is traditionally used for anti-inflammatory, relieving

migraine, irritation and dressing a fresh wound. In this work, the methanolic crude extracts of

the leaves, twigs and flowers were profiled on a reversed-phase ultrahighperformance liquid

chromatography (UHPLC) to obtain comparative information on their chemical composition and

complexity. The crude extracts were also assesed on the cytotoxic activity againts human liver

cancer cell line (HepG2) and monkey kidney normal cell (Vero). The extracts were found to be

non-toxic to the both cell lines with IC50 values more than 100 mg/ml.

Keywords: erythrina fusca Lour., UHPLC, cytotoxicity


178


ABSTRACT - POSTER

CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILING OF THE CRUDE EXTRACTS AND THE

ISOLATION OF LOLIOLIDE FROM ELEUSINE INDICA (L. GAERTN)

Nur Syahirah Mad Sukor1* and Fatimah Salim2,3

1Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450 Selangor, Malaysia

2Atta-Ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product and Discovery (AuRins), Universiti Teknologi MARA,

Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dengkil, 43800 Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

Eleusine Indica, locally known as “rumput sambau” is a perennial herb belongs to the Poaceae

family. It is the only Eleusine species that can be found abundantly in Malaysia. This plant is

been used traditionally to treat various illnesess by many different countries including Malaysia.

Many biological activities have been reported on Eleusine Indica but less phytochemical works

have been done. In the present work, chromatographic profiling carried out on the hexane and

methanol extracts of this plant revealed on the comparative information of their chemical

composition that could be further isolated and characterised. This paper also reports on the

isolation of loliolide which is achieved using semi-preparative liquid chromatography and

recycling-high performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Loliolide is the first time been

reported in this plant.

Keywords: Eleusine indica, loliolide, semi-preparative liquid chromatography, recycling high

performance liquid chromatography


179


ABSTRACT - POSTER

X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF TALC POWDER

Krit Won-in1*, Siriwat Soontaranon2 and Pisutti Dararutana3

1 Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand

2 Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand 3 Retired Army Officer, Royal Thai Army, Bangkok 10900 Thailand


Abstract

It is well-known that asbestos is a fiber causing lung diseases such as asbestosis and

mesotheliona. It is a generic term for several types of naturally occurring fibrous silicate

minerals. Baby talc powder is used for preventing diaper rash, as a deodorant. It may be

composed of talc which is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. Talc is used for

commercial applications such as paints, plastics, papers, ceramics, construction materials and

cosmetics. In this work, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray

spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was carried out to study the structure and composition of talc powder

samples that sold in Thailand’s markets. It was shown that their compositions were mainly

contained with silica and magnesium. Like-asbestos structures were found to distribute in some

samples. They were also confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering based on synchrotron

radiation (SR SAXS). More details will be discussed. X-ray spectroscopy is successfully

technique to detect the asbestos fiber.

Keywords: talc powder, asbestos, SEM-EDS, SR SAXS, x-ray spectroscopy

180


ORAL PRESENTATION SCHEDULE

DAY 1 (15 AUGUST 2019 – THURSDAY)

Time ADVANCED

MATERIALS

ENVIRONMENTAL

CHEMISTRY

SYNTHESIS

CHEMISTRY BIOANALYSIS

SEPARATION

CHEMISTRY

ROOM I ROOM II ROOM III ROOM IV ROOM V ROOM VI

09.00 – 09.45 KEYNOTE SESSION – SPEAKER 1

09.45 – 10.00 Tea Break | Poster Session | Exhibition

10.00 – 10.40 Invited

Speaker 1

Invited

Speaker 2

Invited

Speaker 3

Invited

Speaker 4

Invited

Speaker 5

10.40 – 11.00 ADV-01 ENV-01 ENV-21 SYN-01 BIO-01 SEP-01







13.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break | Poster Session | Exhibition

14.00 – 14.40 Invited

Speaker 6

Invited

Speaker 7

Invited

Speaker 8

Invited

Speaker 9

Invited

Speaker 10






16.20 – 16.40 ADV-13 ENV-13 ENV-33 - BIO-13 SEP-13

16.40 – 17.00 ADV-14 ENV-14 - - BIO-14 SEP-14


17.15 – 18.15 ANALIS ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM) 2019

19.30 – 22.00 OPENING CEREMONY | CONFERENCE GALA NIGHT DINNER

*Remark: Poster evaluation session will be held between 15.30 pm to 17.00 pm on Day 1 (15 August 2019 – Thursday)

DAY 2 (16 AUGUST 2019 – FRIDAY)

Time ADVANCED

MATERIALS

ENVIRONMENTAL

CHEMISTRY

SYNTHESIS

CHEMISTRY BIOANALYSIS

SEPARATION

CHEMISTRY


08.30 – 08.50 ADV-15 ENV-15 - - BIO-15 SEP-15

08.50 – 09.10 ADV-16 ENV-16 - - BIO-16 SEP-16

09.10 – 09.30 ADV-17 ENV-17 - - BIO-17 SEP-17

09.30 – 09.50 ADV-18 ENV-18 - - BIO-18 SEP-18

09.50 – 10.10 ADV-19 ENV-19 - - BIO-19 SEP-19

10.10 – 10.30 ADV-20 ENV-20 - - BIO-20 -


10.45 – 11.30 KEYNOTE SESSION – SPEAKER 2

11.30 – 12.00 CLOSING CEREMONY

12.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break / End of Conference

181


ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

PATRON

PROFESSOR DATO’ DR MAZLIHAM MOHD SU’UD

President/CEO, Universiti Kuala Lumpur

ADVISOR

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR RUZAINAH ALI @ JAAFAR

Dean/Head of Campus, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of

Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET)

CHAIRMAN

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR NORZAHIR SAPAWE

Head of Research and Innovation, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian

Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET)

ALP, The Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)

PROFESSOR DR MOHD BASYARUDDIN ABDUL RAHMAN

President, The Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)

SECRETARY

MRS INTAN NORJAHAN AZMAN

MS NURELINA ASYIKIN SA’ADON

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR AHMAD SAAT (ANALIS)

TREASURER

DR YUHANEES MOHAMED YUSOF

MS NUR NAJIHA KHAIRUL ARIFFIN

PROFESSOR DR AMRAN AB MAJID (ANALIS)

SPECIAL TASKS

MR MUBARAK ALWI MOHAMED

MR YUSAK ASRI MOHD ESA

MR MOHD ARIFF RUSTAM

MARKETING & PROMOTION

DR SITI FATIMAH IBRAHIM

MRS MARMY ROSHAIDAH MOHD SALLEH

MR MOHD KHAIRUL HANIF MOHD NAZRI

MS DIYANA FAZIHA MOHAMAD

IT SUPPORT, PHOTOGRAPHY & WEBMASTER

MR MOHAMMAD AKASHAH AHMAD TAJUDDIN

MR NORAZWAN PUTIH YAHYA

MRS NORA REZALI

182


REGISTRATION & PROGRAM BOOK

DR NOOR FAIZAH CHE HARUN

DR NAZATULSHIMA HASSAN

MS HANIZA KAHAR

CERTIFICATE & SOUVENIR

MS AZLINA DIN

MRS FARIDAH GHAFAR

MRS AZYYATI JOHARI

MS NOR SURAYAH OSMAN

PROTOCOL & LOGISTIC

DR RAJA NAZRUL HAKIM RAJA NAZRI

MRS SITI AISAH MUHAMMADDIN

SPONSORSHIP

MR AIMAN NAZMI ROSLI

MR MUHAMMAD FARHAN HANAFI

MR MUHAMMAD SYAHIN FIRDAUS AZIZ ZAMRI

MR NURUL FAHMI KHAIROL

MR MUHAMMAD FARID FITRI KAMARONZAMAN

SCIENTIFIC & PUBLICATION

PROFESSOR DR MD FAUZI ABDULLAH (ANALIS)

DR WAN MOHD AFIQ WAN MOHD KHALIK (ANALIS)

183


ADVERTISEMENTS

184


ADVERTISEMENTS

185


ADVERTISEMENTS

186


ADVERTISEMENTS

187


ADVERTISEMENTS

188


ADVERTISEMENTS

189


SPONSORSHIPS

With Best Compliment

We acknowledge & appreciate the generous

financial support and sponsorship by the following organizations

PLATINUM SPONSOR

MERCK SDN BHD

190


SPONSORSHIPS




GOLD SPONSOR

AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SALES (M) SDN BHD

191


SPONSORSHIPS




SILVER SPONSOR

ANTON PAAR MALAYSIA SDN BHD

IKA WORKS (ASIA) SDN BHD

RGS CORPORATION SDN BHD

PERKIN ELMER SDN BHD

BUCHI MALAYSIA SDN BHD

ASEPTEC SDN BHD

192


SPONSORSHIPS




BRONZE SPONSOR

ALIRANTEK (M) SDN BHD

193


APPENDIX

194


195


196


197


NOTES

198


ORAL PRESENTATION SCHEDULE

DAY 1 (15 AUGUST 2019 – THURSDAY)

09.00 – 09.45 KEYNOTE SESSION – SPEAKER 1 EMERITUS PROFESSOR DATUK DR SUKIMAN SARMANI

Chairperson: Dr Nazatulshima Hassan Venue: Seri Menanti Ballroom (Level 1)


Time ADVANCED MATERIALS


SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY

BIOANALYSIS SEPARATION CHEMISTRY


Chairperson Dr Nazatulshima Dr Salem Dr Yuhanees Dr Fatimah Dr Faizah Dr Raja Nazrul

TimeKeeper Mr Farhan Mr Ariff Ms Surayah Ms Diyana Mr Fahmi Mr Syahin

10.00 – 10.40 Professor Dr Basyaruddin,

UPM

Professor Dr Norhayati,

UMT

Professor Dr Zainab,

UNIMAS

Professor Dr Mukram,

UKM

Professor Dr Wan Aini,

UTM








13.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break | Poster Session | Exhibition

Chairperson Dr Nazatulshima Dr Amelia Dr Salem Dr Shahirah Dr Raihana Dr Nor Nadiah

TimeKeeper Mr Aiman Mrs Faridah Mr Farid Mrs Marmy Ms Nurelina Mrs Azyyati

14.00 – 14.40 Assoc Prof Dr Norzahir,

UniKL

Assoc Prof Dr Gaanty,

UMP

Assoc Prof Dr Juliana, USIM

Assoc Prof Dr Zainiharyati,

UiTM

Assoc Prof Dr Sharifah,

UM






16.20 – 16.40 ADV-13 ENV-13 ENV-33 - BIO-13 SEP-13

16.40 – 17.00 ADV-14 ENV-14 - - BIO-14 SEP-14


17.15 – 18.15 ANALIS ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM) 2019 Venue: Minangkabau Ballroom (Level 2)

19.30 – 22.00 OPENING CEREMONY | CONFERENCE GALA NIGHT DINNER Venue: Seri Menanti Ballroom (Level 1)

*Remark: Poster evaluation session will be held between 15.30 pm to 17.00 pm on Day 1 (15 August 2019 – Thursday)

199


DAY 2 (16 AUGUST 2019 – FRIDAY) Time ADVANCED

MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL

CHEMISTRY SYNTHESIS CHEMISTRY

BIOANALYSIS SEPARATION CHEMISTRY


Chairperson Dr Fatimah Dr Yuhanees - - Dr Faizah Dr Raja Nazrul

TimeKeeper Ms Surayah Ms Diyana - - Mr Fahmi Mr Syahin

08.30 – 08.50 ADV-15 ENV-15 - - BIO-15 SEP-15

08.50 – 09.10 ADV-16 ENV-16 - - BIO-16 SEP-16

09.10 – 09.30 ADV-17 ENV-17 - - BIO-17 SEP-17

09.30 – 09.50 ADV-18 ENV-18 - - BIO-18 SEP-18

09.50 – 10.10 ADV-19 ENV-19 - - BIO-19 SEP-19

10.10 – 10.30 ADV-20 ENV-20 - - BIO-20 -


10.45 – 11.30 KEYNOTE SESSION – SPEAKER 2 PROFESSOR DR ADRIAN EVAN FLOOD Chairperson: Dr Siti Fatimah Ibrahim

Venue: Seri Menanti Ballroom (Level 1)

11.30 – 12.00 CLOSING CEREMONY Venue: Seri Menanti Ballroom (Level 1)

12.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break / End of Conference NOTE ROOM I – Sungai Ujong 1 (Level 1) ROOM II – For 1st Day at Minangkabau Ballroom (Level 2) & 2nd Day at Seri Menanti Ballroom (Level 1) ROOM III – Tanjung Tuan Hall (Level 4) ROOM IV – Kuala Pilah Hall (Level 4) ROOM V – Sungai Ujong 2 (Level 1) ROOM VI – Cape Rachado Hall (Level 4)

200


NOTES

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