Need To KnowNeed To Know• Define Imperialism & GoalsDefine Imperialism & Goals

• Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa• Berlin Conference Berlin Conference

(& Who Was Missing)(& Who Was Missing)

Apartheid in South Africa

Colonization: Colonization:

Settling in Settling in another another country & country & taking it over taking it over politicallypolitically and and economically. economically.

What is Apartheid? System of racial segregation in South

Africa.

Lasted from 1948-1994

Goal - keep economical and political

power with people of English

descent/heritage

Based on prior U.S. Segregation Policies

Four Groups

White (not discriminated against) Black Colored (mixed race, Malayan) Asian (Pakistanis and Indians)

* Family members often in different groups

Purpose and Impact

Black people (75% of the population) sent to “homelands” (like U.S. Indian reservations)

Purpose, cont

Prevented non-white people from voting or holding political office

Education, medical care, & other services were segregated. Black option was usually inferior in quality and care

“Homeland” System

Once apartheid was implemented, blacks wouldn’t be citizens of South Africa; only to their “Homeland”

Between 1960s-1980s- 600,000 people were forced to move to their “Homeland”

“Rules”

“Rules, cont”

Ending of Apartheid In 1980’s white

government saw the need for change • Due to violence,

protests, and pressure from the rest of the world

Feb 13, 1989 President F.W. de Klerk ends apartheid and releases Mandela

Sharpeville Massacre

Nelson Mandela Protested Apartheid In Jail from 1963-

1990 for protesting

April 24, 1994-1999 President of South Africa

1993 won Nobel Peace Prize

19991999----SecondSecond Free Elections. Free Elections. Thabo Thabo MbekiMbeki is elected and remains South is elected and remains South AfricaAfrica’’s president s president todaytoday..

2009--Third Free Elections.  Jacob Zuma is elected and remains South Africa’s president today.

Dealing With the Past:Dealing With the Past:Truth and Reconciliation Commission Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1995)(1995) led by led by Desmond TutuDesmond Tutu, an , an Anglican bishop, a long time political Anglican bishop, a long time political activist, and a Nobel Peace Prize recipient, activist, and a Nobel Peace Prize recipient, is set up to is set up to ““enable S. Africans to come to enable S. Africans to come to terms with their past on a morally terms with their past on a morally accepted basis and advance the cause of accepted basis and advance the cause of reconciliation.reconciliation.””

Some Major Issues:Some Major Issues:• divisionsdivisions within various ethnic groups within various ethnic groups• big gap between the big gap between the ““haveshaves”” and and ““have-notshave-nots””• racismracism --• AIDSAIDS & HIV & HIV• high crime and rape rateshigh crime and rape rates• economic hardshipseconomic hardships

Video clips:Video clips: Nelson Mandela (Quick Review) (Quick Review) Mandela ’’s first Interviews first Interview Mandela after release Mandela after release Effects of Apartheid todayEffects of Apartheid today Poverty in Post-Apartheid South Poverty in Post-Apartheid South

AfricaAfrica