Early Civilizations Part 2: DATE: September 3, 2013Cities on the Indus and River Dynasties in China

Objectives:1. We will be able to analyze factors that led to the rise and fall of cities on the Indus.2. We will be able to analyze factors that led to the rise of river dynasties in China.3. We will be able to compare and contrast the four major river valley civilizations.

Planned Cities on the Indus River (2500BC-1750BC)A. A Tough Environment But Civilization Emerges

a. The Indus River is surrounded by the largest mountains and a large desert. The Ganges is another important river in the region.

i. Which protected the region from invasionsb. Seasonal winds called monsoons dominate India's climate

i. OCTOBER to FEBRUARY=Dry Airii. JUNE to OCTOBER=Moisture and Rain

1. Environmental Challengesa. Yearly Floods brought rich soil but were unpredictable.b. Rivers would change course.c. Monsoon seasons could be unpredictable.

B. A Large Civilization Emergesa. The Indus Valley Size > Mesopotamia and Egypt

i. Around 2500 BC, Indus Valley inhabitants built first cities" Harappa "b. Advanced Cities, Harappa being one of the main ones

i. Grid System ii. Advanced Plumbing iii. Buildings built to protect against flooding iv. Quality Bricks

c. A Great Culture That Comes To An Endi. Language

1. Developed a written language but we can't decipherii. Culture

1. Uniform, could produce nonessential items…which means what?iii. Role of Religion

1. Possible theocracy, symbols show up in later Indian history and Hindu.

iv. Trade1. Thriving trade; gold and silver; traded down to Sumer; Indus River

transported goods (cotton)d. Crash Course: Indus Civilization

1. What are some factors of civilizations?(Surplus production, Building a City, Specialization of Trade, Trading, Centralized Government, Writing, Social Stratification, Writing, and Rivers)

2. What did the Indus Valley civilization have that 18th century Europeans would have been jealous of at this time?A good working sewage system

3. What are possible reasons why this civilization ended?a. Conquest, Environmental, Earthquake

4. What were the two most interesting points you found in this video?

RIVER DYNASTIES OF CHINA (2000 BC-500 BC)

A. A Complex Environmenta. Isolated because of deserts, mountains, and oceans

i. Huang He_(Yellow) and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) Rivers were vital1. Provided fertile soil called loess

b. Huang He brought disastrous floods.c. China's isolated location caused little outside traded. North China Plain is most suitable for farming.....Guess where this is located?

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B. Dynasties and a Culture Emergea. Xia Dynasty emerges around 2000 BC

i. However, the Shang Dynasty (1700 to 1027 BC) left written recordsb. Chinese Culture

i. Saw themselves as "civilized" world, and non-Chinese as uncivilizedii. Family was vital, particularly respect to parentsiii. Marriages were arranged for daughters 13-16iv. Social classes sharply divided (nobles and peasants)v. Religion: Ancestors acted as spirits (Good and Bad_

c. Writing Systemi. Each character stands for one syllable or unit of language

1. Many (elite) could read but not all spoke the same way....MANY different characters

C. The Zhou Dynasty and its Cyclea. 1027 BC- The Zhou overthrew the Shang

i. Did so because of the Mandate of Heavenii. The Zhou controlled through Feudalism

1. Nobles are granted the use of lands that belong to the king. Nobles owe

loyalty to the king.2.

D. Greater Technology and the Zhou Downfalla. Roads and Canals stimulated trade and agricultureb. Coined money furthered tradec. Quality Iron production not matched by Europe until the Middle Aged. Impressive Silke. Warring states emerged in the later periods of the Zhou Dynasty (1027-256 BC)

i. Traditional values collapsed

Ancient River Valley Civilizations Homework CHart

MESOPOTAMIA

EGYPT INDUS VALLEY CHINA

Location/ Geograp

hy

Social Structur

e

Technology

Government

Trade/ Economy

Religion

Other Info