neglected and underutilized crop species: challenges in ... · neglected and underutilized crop...
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Neglected and Underutilized Crop
Species: Challenges in relation to
production, consumption and marketing
Visith ChavasitInstitute of Nutrition, Mahidol University
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Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species
• NUS is normally indigenous plants that
naturally grows or have been grown by
local people for generations.
• NUS used to be part of traditional diets for
centuries since the plants were grown for
family consumption and selling the surplus.
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Reasons for Neglect and Underutilization
• Single-cropping to serve market needs
• Changes in eating pattern
• Cultural invasion
• Less-availability rare species
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Cash crop production
• Mostly mono-cropping Staple foods
• Rely on narrow food-based supply
• Grows only the kind that can serve market needs
• Many times they are imported varieties.
• Overgrown and destroy the indigenous crops as well as biodiversity
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Economic crop creates NUS
• Market Driven Mass Requirement
Imported commercial crop variety Need
more herbicide and insecticide Mono-cropping Mass production
Keep expanding the growing areaswith no concern on environment
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Production of NUS
• Found naturally in certain areas or even forest and be sources of
foods for local people.
• Grows in home backyard mostly for family consumption multiple
cropping
• Set up global on-farm NUS conservation programmes
Mass production for commercial purposes ?
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Nature of most NUS
• Many are nutritionally rich
• Adapt to low input of agriculture
• Most of them are inhabited to the area
• Ecological balance with other species and
environment
• Plentiful seasonally but inadequate for industrially produced
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ผกกด กระพจน
ผกหวานปา
บก
เรวปา
วานเปราะ
ตะคก
กระชายพราน
เพกา
จดประกวดต ารบอาหาร จากตวแทน 6 หมบาน
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ตะครอ ถวแระปา ถวคลา แคหางคาง ขาปา กระชายปา ชาเรอด เขาพรรษาใต
ผกหวานปา วานเปราะ กระพจน ผกกด อนน ขเหลกปา เครอไสตน แจงหาใบ
สมกบ บก ตะคก มะกอกปา กะทอ เพกา มะเมา ไพลปา
เรวปา ผกบงปา ดอกดน มะระปา กระชายพราน โทงเทง
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Home garden in Rural in Transition
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Home garden in a communal area
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Communal area in Rural in Transition
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Urban Home gardening
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Consumption
• Eat based on seasonality
• Eat variety of them
• Learn to avoid the poison ones
Folk KnowledgeHow to
- Choose
- Prepare Menu
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ตวอยางอาหารพนบาน
แกงปากระชายพราน
แกงเลยงผกหวานปา แกงกะทบก
ทอดมนวานเปราะ ลาบเพกา
หนงหนวยบรโภค = 200 กรม
หนงหนวยบรโภค = 100 กรม
แกงสมตะคก
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อาหารผสงอายอ.แมรม จ.เชยงใหม (มง)
ตมผกกาดแมว
ไกตมสมนไพรตมหมผกกาดแมว
ตมไกสมนไพร
ตมไกพรกไทยด า
ตมผกโขมตมฟกทอง
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อาหารผสงอายต.บานแปน อ.เมอง จ.ล าพน
(ไทยเหนอ)
ลาบคว
แกงหนอ
แกงแค
ย าไกใสหวปล
แกงฮงเล
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อาหารผสงอาย (ไทยใต)ต.ควนมะพราว อ.เมอง จงหวดพทลง
หมตมใบชะมวง
แกงเหลอง แกงไตปลา
แกงควหนอไม
ควกลงหม
ขาวย า
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อาหารผสงอาย (มาเลย)ต.บานนา อ.จะนะ จ.สงขลา
ไกผดเครองแกงสะตอ
แกงเลยง
ตมสมปลา
น าชบ
แกงมสมน
ปลาราดพรก
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อาหารผสงอาย (เขมรเหนอ)ต.จารพตร อ.ศขรภม จ.สรนทร
ตมปลา
น าพรกปลาทใสปลาราสบ
ตมจดมะระซโครงหม
อาหารผสงอาย (ไทยอสาน)ต.รตนบร อ.รตนบร จ.สรนทร
แกงออมไก
ซปมะเขอ ตมปลา
ย า/กอย/ซปหมานอย
น าพรก/ปนปลาท
แกง/ออมเหด
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Marketing
• Change in the perception of NUS as unimportant poor man’s food
• Develop capacity in researching, teaching, policymaking, trading and
farming NUS
• Undertake more research on NUS, particularly with regard to their adaptive
qualities and the links between NUS and nutrition and livelihoods
• Involve the full range of stakeholders in participatory partnership to promote
and conserve NUS particularly farmer and women’s organizations
• Find innovative ways to upgrade NUS market chains and to develop and
market value-added products
• Put in place legal frameworks, policies and financial incentives to promote
NUS and encourage agricultural diversification
• Encourage collaboration in researching, promoting, conserving and
sustainably using NUS, and coordinate activities and multi-stakeholder platforms across sectors
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MARKETING CONCEPT
• Health Benefits
• Rare and seasonal
• Natural and Virgin
• Story Telling
• Ecological
• Uniqueness
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Ginger(Zingiber
officinale)
Family:
Zingiberaceae
Sanskrit name:
Shunthi
Hindi name: Adrak
The universal remedy Ayurveda
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Garlic(Allium sativum)
Family: Aliaceae
Sanskrit name: Rasona
Hindi name: Lasan
A certain manuscript inscribes
on birch bark was found among
the treasures of the Buddhist
stupa at Kashgar, China…
written by wandering Hindus in
a calligraphic script that dates
back to 450 A.D. Three of the
seven texts it contains are
medical. And of these, the first opens in praise of Garlic.
The Bower Manuscript (circa fifth century A.D.),
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The Science of Traditional Indian Medicine
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The Science of Traditional Indian Medicine
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Ivy gourd(Coccinia grandis Voigt)
Hairy basil(Ocimum cannum Sims.)
Pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata Decnc.)
Pak-Wan-Pa(Melientha suavis Pierre)
Kra-Pee-Chan(Millettia brandisiana Kurz)
Wan-Proa(Kaempferia roscoeana)
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• Anti-mutagenic activity
(Vinitketkumnuen et al, 1994; Meevatee et al, 1993; Pimsaeng, 1993)
• Cancer chemopreventive properties
(Suaeyun , 1997)
• Reduced blood pressure in
hypertensive rats (Carbajal et al, 1989)
Lemon grass
(Cymbopogan citrates (DC.) Stapf)
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Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) Sweet basil
(Ocimum basilicum Linn.)
•Antioxidant activity
(Baratta et al, 1998; Lee et al, 2005; Tomaino et al, 2005; Politeo et al, 2006; Juntachote and Berghofer , 2004)
•Anti-thrombotic and Inhibit platelet aggregation in rat (Tohti , 2006)
• Hypo- tensive effect in dogs (Singh et al, 2001 )
• Cardioprotective (Sharma et al, 2001; Sood et al, 2006)
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• Anti-inflammatory activity(Suta et al, 2010)
• Antidyslipidemic activity
(Umamaheswari et al, 2007)
• Antioxidant activity
(Venkateswaran and Pari, 2003)
• Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity(Singh et al, 2007)
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• Antioxidant activity
(Kuma et al, 2007: Doddola et al, 2008)
• Antiurolithiatic(Doddola et al, 2008)
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• Antioxidant activity
(Zinol et al, 2003: Hussin et al, 2005)
• Anti-inflammatory activity
(Cheng et al, 2000; Cheng et al, 2006)
• Hypotensive effect(Gnanapragasama et al, 2004)
• Learning and improvement(Gupta et al, 2003)
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•Anti-diabetic activity
(Yoshinari et al, 2009; Quanhing et al, 2005)
•Antioxidant activity
(Wongcharoen et al, 2007; Chanwitheesuk et al, 2005)
•Anti-cancer acitivity (pumpkin seed)
(Jang et al, 2008)
• Hypocholesterolemic effect (pumkin seed protein)
(Mohamed et al, 2009)
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•Anti-proliferative activity
(Manosroi et al, 2006)
•Antioxidant activity
(Hakkim et al, 2008)
•Anti-diabetic acitivity
(Nyarko et al, 2003)
•Anti-microbial activity
(Bassole et al, 2005)
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•Anti-diabetic activity(Subrahmanyam et al, 2011)
•Antioxidant activity(Khomsug et al, 2010)
•Anti-proliferative acitivity(Vayssade et al, 2010)
• Hypolipidemic effect(Huynh Ngoc et al, 2008)
• Neuroprotective effect
(Tongjaroenbuangam et al, 2011)
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•Antimutagenicity(Wongwattanasathien et al, 2010)
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ANTIMUTAGENICITY
OF EIGHT CONVENTIONAL PROCESSED
EDIBLE FLOWERS CONSUMED IN THAILAND
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Eight conventional processed edible flowers
None was mutagenic
All samples had antimutagenic activity
All samples had antioxidant activity
and total phenolics
Further chemical identification is required
These edible flowers should be consumed
as a health food item
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แกงสมตะคก
ขอมลโภชนาการ หนงหนวยบรโภค : 200 กรม (1 ถวย) จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอถวย: 1
คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 100 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 20 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 2 ก. 3 % โปรตน 11 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 25 มก. 8 %
คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 8 ก. 3 % ใยอาหาร 3 ก. 12 % โซเดยม 960 มก. 40 %
รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 70 %
แคลเซยม 6 %
เหลก 10 %
* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร
46
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แกงเลยงผกหวานปา
ขอมลโภชนาการ หนงหนวยบรโภค : 200 กรม (1 ถวย) จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอถวย: 1
คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 70 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 10 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 1 ก. 2 % โปรตน 9 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 20 มก. 7 %
คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 6 ก. 2 % ใยอาหาร 4 ก. 16 % โซเดยม 840 มก. 35 %
รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 30 %
แคลเซยม 10 %
เหลก 15 %
* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร
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แกงปากระชายพราน
ขอมลโภชนาการ หนงหนวยบรโภค : 200 กรม (1 ถวย) จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอถวย: 1
คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 100 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 30 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 3 ก. 5 % โปรตน 14 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 35 มก. 12 %
คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 5 ก. 2 % ใยอาหาร 4 ก. 16 % โซเดยม 1100 มก. 46 %
รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 2 %
แคลเซยม 8 %
เหลก 14 %
* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร
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แกงกะทบก
ขอมลโภชนาการ หนงหนวยบรโภค : 200 กรม (1 ถวย) จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอถวย: 1
คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 180 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 90 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 11 ก. 17 % โปรตน 7 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 15 มก. 5 %
คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 14 ก. 5 % ใยอาหาร 4 ก. 16 % โซเดยม 810 มก. 34 %
รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 6 %
แคลเซยม 8 %
เหลก 10 %
* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร
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ทอดมนวานเปราะ
ขอมลโภชนาการ
หนงหนวยบรโภค : 100 กรม (1-3 ชน)
จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอชน: 1
คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 270 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 160 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 18 ก. 28 % โปรตน 8 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 35 มก. 12 %
คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 19 ก. 6 % ใยอาหาร 4 ก. 16 % โซเดยม 760 มก. 32 %
รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 2 %
แคลเซยม 8 %
เหลก 10 %
* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร
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ลาบเพกา
ขอมลโภชนาการ หนงหนวยบรโภค : 100 กรม (1 จำน) จ ำนวนหนวยบรโภคตอจำน: 1
คณคาทางโภชนาการตอหนงหนวยบรโภค พลงงานทงหมด 110 กโลแคลอร (พลงงำนจำกไขมน 25 กโลแคลอร) รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* ไขมนทงหมด 3 ก. 5 % โปรตน 9 ก. โคเลสเตอรอล 20 มก. 7 %
คารโบไฮเดรตทงหมด 12 ก. 4 % ใยอาหาร 3 ก. 12 % โซเดยม 570 มก. 24 %
รอยละของปรมำณทแนะน ำตอวน* วตามนซ 4 %
แคลเซยม 6 %
เหลก 8 %
* รอยละของปรมำณสำรอำหำรทแนะน ำใหบรโภคตอวนส ำหรบคนไทยอำยตงแต 6 ปขนไป (Thai RDI) โดยคดจำกควำมตองกำรพลงงำนวนละ 2,000 กโลแคลอร
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Minor crops play in securing the livelihood of people around the world
• Food security and better nutrition
• Increased income for the rural poor
• Ecosystem stability
• Cultural diversity
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