nepal’s policy scenario in gender and energy
TRANSCRIPT
Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal (CRT/N)
SE4ALL Consultation Workshop
Lachana Shresthacharya
Biomass Energy Expert/WEE-Nepal Project
Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal
14 June 2015Manila, Philippines
Nepal’s Policy Scenario in Gender and Energy
Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal (CRT/N)
Country Overview : NepalAccess to Modern Energy • Without access to non-solid
fuel-24.6 million people• Use of multiple fuels for
cooking– Over 86.5% households use
firewood – 0.6 % use kerosene and 0.9% use
LPG – Over 7,500 Nepalese women and
children die every year due to indoor air pollution level
– Rural electrification -72%
84%
1% 2% 1%Share RE %, 2010
Traditional biomass Modern biomass Hydro Others
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Access to electricity (% of population)
Nepal opted into SE4ALL in August 2012
Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal (CRT/N)
Major Policy Direction
Limited recognition to inclusion
RE Subsidy Policy 2013 Addresses income related barriers to enable low-income households to use RE technologies
Rural Energy Policy 2006 Addresses rural poverty reduction by ensuring access energy
Three-Year Plan 2007-10
RE Subsidy Policy 2009
Focused on inclusive and equitable development
Three-Year Plan 2010-13
RE Subsidy Delivery Mechanism 2013
Recognizes geographical and social exclusion issues
NRREP Document 2012 Gender mainstreamed in all programme elements
Identifies alternative energy for employment generation & inclusive development
Limited recognition to inclusion
Three-Year Plan 2013-16
Clean Cooking Solution to All by 2017, 2013
Formalized by Government to lower indoor air pollution at households
Focuses economic and social transformation; inclusion of women in government systems
Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal (CRT/N)
Improved Cookstove Programme
• National Biomass Energy Support Programme has disseminated over 700,000 stoves
• CRT/N promoted over 281,000 stoves through various projects and programmes including national programmes
• Women are involved in improved cookstove chain as social mobilisers, stove installers, users and now emerging as entrepreneurs under WEE-Nepal project
• Improved health of women and children due to reduced smoke
Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal (CRT/N)
• Governed by the Nepal Electricity Authority Community Electricity Distribution Byelaws 2003
• Regulation : “gender empowerment adult literacy & awareness”
• Community Rural Electrification Entities own, operate and manage:
• Board members-two are female members but not in the key posts
• Recently productive energy use for income generation and skill-training
Way to Electrification and Productive Use
REDP/RERL
• Complements the Government’s
grid electrification
• 5.5 million people reached
through decentralized energy
systems
• Community mobilization,
participatory planning and
decentralized decision-making
• Productive income generating
activities: end uses of energy,
skill-training to promote
enterprises
Community Rural Electrification
• Increase grid-connected electrification rate
Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal (CRT/N)
Challenges to Energy Access• Geographical location-
road access
• Limited access to finance
• Cost of technology• Awareness
Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal (CRT/N)
Way Forward• Energy a national priority
– Only country with a Rural Energy Policy– Single programme approach in RE sector and is supported by the Government of Nepal
as well as Development Partners
• Decentralised governance– Planning and implementation at district and village level
• Mainstreaming gender and social inclusion into policy and practice – Formulation of 'Gendered Rural Energy Strategy 2011', will be incorporated in Rural Energy
Policy when revised– These priorities integrated in programmes: NRREP has a clear mandate “to improve the
living standard of rural women and men, increase employment of women and men”
• Private sector involvement and investment, including financial institutions– Subsidy policy 2013 addresses income related barriers and prioritise low-income rural
households and women to use renewable energy technologies– Women are encouraged in energy supply chain
• Continued focus on productive end use – Use of energy for income and employment in rural targeting to produce women
entrepreneurs
Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal (CRT/N)
Thank you!
Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal (CRT/N)Bhanimandal, Lalitpur
G. P.O. Box 3628, Kathmandu, Nepal
Email: [email protected]
Tel:+977-1-5554758