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NERC BAL-003-1 Frequency Response Reliability Standard

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Regulatory Landscape WECC Initial efforts to develop a Frequency Response Standard started in early 2000s WECC FRR White Paper was approved in 2004 Two attempts to develop a WECC FRR Criterion failed in late 2000s NERC FERC Technical Conference on Frequency Response in 2010 NERC Frequency Response Initiative led to the development of NERC BAL-003-1 Frequency Response Standard FERC approved BAL-003-1 Reliability Standard, implementation date is April 1, 2015 2

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NERC-BAL-003-1 Reliability Standard Objectives: To require sufficient Frequency Response from the Balancing Authority (BA) to maintain Interconnection Frequency within predefined bounds by arresting frequency deviations and supporting frequency until the frequency is restored to its scheduled value To provide consistent methods for measuring Frequency Response and determining the Frequency Bias Setting

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Frequency Response Amount

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NERC-BAL-003-1 Reliability Standard Design Event:

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NERC-BAL-003-1 Reliability Standard FB FA FC FA = pre-disturbance frequency (average from -16 to 0 sec) FB = settling frequency (average from 20 to 52 sec) FC = minimum (nadir) frequency

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NERC-BAL-003-1 Reliability Standard FA FB

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NERC-BAL-003-1 Reliability Standard Delta Frequency:

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NERC-BAL-003-1 Reliability Standard Western Interconnection Frequency Response Obligation is 907 MW per 0.1 Hz Frequency Response Measure is calculated by dividing the amount of resource loss by frequency difference between points A and B

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Western Interconnection Performance Red dots frequency response measured at point B (settling) using NERC FRM methodology Blue diamonds frequency response is measured at point C (nadir)

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Western Interconnection Performance Red dots frequency response measured at point B (settling) using NERC FRM methodology Blue diamonds frequency response is measured at point C (nadir)

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Western Interconnection Performance June 14, 2014 : West Wing event sequential loss of more than 4,000 MW in Arizona, including simultaneous trip of three Palo Verde generators Frequency dropped close to UFLS levels of 59.5 Hz

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Western Interconnection Performance October 8, 2002 : AC RAS gen.drop of 2,908 MW, larger than the design event Frequency drop to 59.6 Hz, above UFLS levels of 59.5 Hz

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Western Interconnection Performance May 30, 2013 : PDCI faults triggered PDCI RAS gen.drop of 2,895 MW, larger than the design event Frequency drop to 59.69 Hz, well above UFLS levels of 59.5 Hz

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Western Interconnection Performance May 26, 2014 : PDCI Converter 1 failure triggered PDCI RAS gen.drop of 2,826 MW, larger than the design event Frequency drop to 59.66 Hz, well above UFLS levels of 59.5 Hz

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Frequency Response Analysis Tool (FRAT) Developed under BPA guidance by PNNL Development is co-funded by US DOE and BPA Received high reviews from NERC Resource Subcommittee Presented at CIGRE and IEEE conferences 16 Database of events going back to 2008 Baselining frequency response for interconnection and BA Compliance reporting

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BA Frequency Response Measure Calculation BA FRM = (PINT_B PINT_A + BA GEN LOSS) / ( FA FB) FA FB PINT_A PINT_B FC 17

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BPA Balancing Authority Performance BPA BA FRO is about 81 MW per 0.1 Hz, BPA BA performance is about 290 MW per 0.1 Hz 18