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NERCOMP Workshop
Learning Objects
Emerging Standards and Commercial Marketplace
NERCOMP Workshop
Learning Objects
Emerging Standards and Commercial Marketplace
John PurcellLearning Objects Network
www.LearningObjectsNetwork.comPhone 860-301-9267
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 22
Learning Objects NetworkLearning Objects Network
Registry Agency for Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) and Handle System
Commercial Handle developer and operator
Designer, installer and manager of enterprise learning management, performance support and knowledge management systems for Office of the Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, White House
GRID computing (virtual computing resource) developer
Consultant• Standards• Metadata including crosswalks, taxonomies, dictionaries• eLearning standards• Repositories and networks
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 33
Why Standards?Why Standards?
Dept. of Defense and demographics
Transition from classroom to blended and online instruction
New emphasis on performance support which requires interoperability and granularity
Knowledge Economy Economics--• elimination information silos;
• provide information faster and cheaper, anytime, anyplace and just for you
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“The two truly transforming things, conceivably, might be in information technology and information operation and networking and connecting things in ways that they function totally differently than they had previously. And if that's possible. . . possibly the single-most transforming thing in our force will not be a weapon system, but a set of interconnections and a substantially enhanced capability because of that awareness.”
Secretary Rumsfeld - Aug 9, 2001
The DoD Need to Change
Platform-CentricInformation Advantage
Net-CentricInformation Advantage
InformationQuality
Content AccuracyCompleteness Timeliness Relevance
• Local • Global• Regional
61 el. Theater
8GHz MBR
169 el. 7GHz MBT
44/20
256 element
TPA484 element
RPA
Net-Centric OperationsThe Way Ahead
Source: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIOSource: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIO
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Platform-CentricPlatform-Centric Net-CentricNet-Centric
Traditional stove-pipe approach Traditional stove-pipe approach v.v. Fused information available on the Net Fused information available on the Net
Net-Centric Operations-- A Fundamental Shift
533AF78533
Source: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIOSource: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIO
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 66
Initial ProjectionsInitial Projections
Implementing Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) strategy• Reduce classroom time 30%• Reduce development cost 50%• Reduce development time 30 %• Reduce travel and per diem costs• Shift performance 1 to 2 standard deviations
Goal to have 50% of training available online within 5 years
Plan to spend $6 billion total over 3-5 years
Content represents approximately 20% or $1.2 billion
Prefer to outsource rather than develop internally
Sources: Mike Parmentier, Former Undersecretary of Defense, Training & ReadinessWilliam S. Cohen, Former Secretary of Defense
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 77
# S
tude
nts
Learning Improvements
2
1
ClassroomStudents
ClassroomStudents
CurrentTechnolog
y
CurrentTechnolog
y
Next-Generation Technology
Next-Generation Technology
Average tutored student’s achievement is better than 98% of classroom students
Learning Technology PotentialLearning Technology Potential
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Business,Government,Military,Academia
A Special Partnership
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Standards Development--The Key PiecesStandards Development--The Key Pieces
1. Objects
2. Questions and Tests
3. Object Identification
4. Metadata
5. Repositories
6. Search and Discovery, “Accessibility”
7. Exchanges or Registries
8. Registry of Registries
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The ObjectsThe Objects
SCORM--Sharable Content Object Reference Model• Content aggregation model
• Run-Time Environment
• Application Programming Interface for communicating information about a learner’s activities
• Data model for recording the information
• Content packaging model
• Metadata elements
• Standard sequencing and navigation rules
www.adlnet.org
http://www.academiccolab.org/
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1111
SCORM
CourseStructureFormat -
Derived fromAICC
Meta-datadictionaryFrom IEEE
Meta-dataXML BindingBest Practice
From IMS
Content toLMS API
From AICC
Content toLMS data
modelFrom AICC
RUN-TIMEENVIRONMENT
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Learning Object CommunitiesLearning Object Communities
SingaporeIMS Asia
PROMETEUS
CEN/ISSS
IMS Australia
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36
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Question and Test InteroperabilityQuestion and Test Interoperability
Specification for . . .• Interactive assessment• Placing questions and tests into content packages• Using questions and tests with learning design and simple sequencing
http://www.imsglobal.org/question/index.cfm
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1414
Object IdentificationObject Identification
How do you uniquely identify an object, make the web identification persistent over time for library purposes, provide resolution (delivery) functionality, and add search and discovery?
One answer from . . .• The Stationary Office of the United Kingdom (TSO)• Office of Publication of the European Community• European Library Community• Advanced Distributed Learning initiative• CENDI, the working group of senior Scientific and Technical Information (STI)
Managers from 12 U.S. federal agencies http://www.dtic.mil/cendi/proj_persistent_id.html
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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)and HandleDigital Object Identifier (DOI)and Handle
Both the DOI and Handle use re-direction so that the unique identification of the digital object remains persistent for research, bibliographic data, etc. even though the location of the object might change.
www.doi.orgwww.cnri.reston.va.us/
Web Browser
Doi>
10.1000/123
URL
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MetadataMetadata
http://www.dublincore.org/
http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf
http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/1484121app.html
http://www.cetis.ac.uk/profiles/uklomcore Exchange of structure metadata for resources http://www.imsproject.org/rli/index.cfm Information about the users (IMS http://www.imsproject.org/es/index.cfm
Market-ready metadata (see www.Merlot.org)• Date, rights, price, peer review, security/authorization
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1717
The Key Role of Content MetadataThe Key Role of Content Metadata
Data describing digital resources in a consistent fashion
Enables creation of online registries or “card catalogs”
Enables physical location of content in distributed (locally controlled) repositories
Facilitates search, retrieval, reuse and personalization
Makes digital resources shareable across different technology environments
IEEE Learning Object Model (LOM) standard widely recognized
Metadata
Title:Author:Date:Status:
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 1818
Metadata referencesMetadata references
Application Profiles• ARIADNE: Elements and vocabulary that maps to the LOM. http://www.ariadne-
eu.org/3_MD/ .• CanCore: A subset of elements from the LOM only. Documentation for element
definitions, vocabulary and XML binding. http://www.cancore.org .• Heal (Health Education Assets Library): LOM elements and element extensions of
health education, XML schema and XML documentation. http://www.healcentral.org/documents.htm .
• The Le@rning Federation/SOCCI: LOM, Dublin Core and ODRL (Open Digital Rights Language) elements. Vocabulary for Australian curriculum. Not yet publicly available. http://socci.edna.edu.au/content/index.asp .
• SCORM: A subset of LOM elements (identified as either "mandatory" and "optional"), integrated with an runtime environment and aggregation model for learning content. Provides a "conformance testing tool" that validates XML bindings, and inclusion of mandatory elements. http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=scormabt .
• MERLOT: Elements and vocabulary that maps to the LOM. http://www.merlot.org .• SingCORE: A subset of elements from the LOM only. Documentation available at a
cost. http://www.cite.nie.edu.sg/ecc/ecc_sitemap.htm .
White Paper http://www.academiccolab.org/resources/FinalSummitReport.pdf
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Metadata Tools: • ALOHA: "A tool for metatagging and inter-repository communications."
http://aloha.netera.ca/ • DC-dot: A metadata editor designed for Dublin Core, but will crosswalk the metadata
into IMS. http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/dcdot/ • IMSE/VIMSE: A graphical Java program for editing IMS metadata XML files. Created by
Mikael Nilsson. Available at: http://imsevimse.sourceforge.net .• LOM Editor: Developed as a part of the Multibook (Personal Multimedia book) project
specifically for the LOM information model. http://www.multibook.de/lom/ • Microsoft LRN 3.0: Part of a small suite of tools for e-learning specifications-related
tools released by Microsoft. http://www.microsoft.com/elearn/ • MetaBrowser (Australia): Metabrowser is a cataloguing tool for Windows using
customizable implementations of any number of metadata schemas. Uses IE engine. http://metabrowser.spirit.net.au/
• Reggie Metadata Editor: "Enable[s] the easy creation of various forms of metadata with the one flexible program." http://www.metadata.net/dstc/
• Splash: A metadata editor integrated into P2P repository software. http://www.edusplash.net
• Sun Developer's Toolkit: Toolkit for Creating IMS Learning Resource-Compatible Meta-data. http://www.imsproject.org/tools/sun.html
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2020
RepositoriesRepositories
Repositories provide key elements for the development, storage, management, discovery and delivery of content. They provide the following core functions:• Search/find – the ability to locate an appropriate learning object. This can
include the ability to browse • Request – a learning object that has been located • Retrieve – receive an object that has been requested • Submit – provide an object to a repository for storage • Store – place a submitted object into a data store with a unique, registered
identifier that allows it to be located • Gather (push/pull) – obtain meta-data about objects in other repositories
for federated searches and information clearinghouse• Publish – provide meta-data to other repositories
Also must handle DRM, obtain globally unique identifier for each object, provide authentication
http://www.canto.com/
White paper at http://www.academiccolab.org/initiatives/repositories.html
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2121
Search and DiscoverySearch and Discovery
http://www.imsproject.org/accessibility/index.cfm
ACCESSIBILITY
IMS AccessForAll Meta-data Specification
The AccessForAll Meta-data specification is intended to make it possible to identify resources that match a user's stated preferences or needs. These preferences or needs would be declared using the IMS Learner Information Package Accessibility for LIP specification. The needs and preferences addressed include the need or preference for alternative presentations of resources, alternative methods of controlling resources, alternative equivalents to the resources themselves and enhancements or supports required by the user. The specification provides a common language for identifying and describing the primary or default resource and equivalent alternatives for that resource.
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2222
Semantic SearchSemantic Search
ParentsParents
EllingtonEllington
CharlieCharlieParkerParker
BillyBillyHolidayHoliday
ComposerComposer
JazzJazz
New YorkNew York
Table mannersTable manners
DukeDukeJohnJohnWayneWayne
Ermal WaldenErmal WaldenWilliamsonWilliamson
KatherineKatherineHepburnHepburn
CowboyCowboy MovieMovie
GameGame
NukemNukem
Role playRole playDoomDoom
WolffensteinWolffenstein
AdventureAdventure
Sky ScraperSky Scraper
SubwaySubway
VillanVillan
ParentsParents
EllingtonEllington
CharlieCharlieParkerParker
BillyBillyHolidayHoliday
ComposerComposer
JazzJazzDukeDuke
New YorkNew York
Table mannersTable manners
DukeDukeJohnJohnWayneWayne
Ermal WaldenErmal WaldenWilliamsonWilliamson
KatherineKatherineHepburnHepburn
CowboyCowboy MovieMovie
GameGame
NukemNukem
Role playRole play
DukeDuke
DoomDoom
WolffensteinWolffenstein
AdventureAdventure
Sky ScraperSky Scraper
SubwaySubway
VillanVillan
Demo
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2323
Semantic SearchSemantic Search
ParentsParents
EllingtonEllington
CharlieCharlieParkerParker
BillyBillyHolidayHoliday
ComposerComposer
JazzJazzDukeDuke
New YorkNew York
Table mannersTable manners
DukeDukeJohnJohnWayneWayne
Ermal WaldenErmal WaldenWilliamsonWilliamson
KatherineKatherineHepburnHepburn
CowboyCowboy MovieMovie
GameGame
NukemNukem
Role playRole play
DukeDuke
DoomDoom
WolffensteinWolffenstein
AdventureAdventure
Sky ScraperSky Scraper
SubwaySubway
VillanVillan
SubjectSubject TextText Semantic networkSemantic network
Edward Kennedy Ellington was born into the world Edward Kennedy Ellington was born into the world
on April 29, 1899. Duke’s parents Daisy Kennedy on April 29, 1899. Duke’s parents Daisy Kennedy
Ellington and James Edward Ellington served as Ellington and James Edward Ellington served as
ideal role models for young Duke and taught him ideal role models for young Duke and taught him
everything from table manners everything from table manners to an understanding to an understanding
of the emotional power of music.of the emotional power of music.
The John Wayne lookThe John Wayne look--alike and impersonator, Ermal alike and impersonator, Ermal
Walden Williamson, has dedicated his career to Walden Williamson, has dedicated his career to
keeping the image of John ‘the Duke’ Wayne alive keeping the image of John ‘the Duke’ Wayne alive
and appearing aroundand appearing around the world as John Wayne.the world as John Wayne.
Duke Nukem: The Manhattan Project is an allDuke Nukem: The Manhattan Project is an all--new new
PC adventure starring gaming’s king of action. Set in PC adventure starring gaming’s king of action. Set in
New York City, Duke battles his way across towering New York City, Duke battles his way across towering
skyscraper rooftops and through gritty skyscraper rooftops and through gritty subway subway
tunnels on the hunt for powertunnels on the hunt for power--hungry villain, Mech hungry villain, Mech
Morphix.Morphix.
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2424
Registries Tie It All TogetherRegistries Tie It All Together
Ensuring Valuable Content will be Found
DOIRegistry
ContentContent
LearningObject
LearningObject
DeliveryTechnology
DeliveryTechnology
Metadata
Location
DOI
Search
Results
Request
LocationRequest
Digital Content Object
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2525
2. Creating an Efficient Marketplace for Digital Content
2. Creating an Efficient Marketplace for Digital Content
Distributed Network Technology . . . Increases provider’s control over content Greatly expands the availability and accessibility of quality content Removes critical barriers to the growth of online content markets
Content Provider B
Content Provider B
Content Provider A
Content Provider A
Content Provider C
Content Provider C
Content Provider D
Content Provider D
MetadataRegistryMetadataRegistry
NetworkServices
Content User
Content User
Content User
Content User
Content User
Content User
Content User
Content User
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2626
CORDRA--the Final Step?(Content Object Repository Discovery and Registration/Resolution Architecture)
CORDRA--the Final Step?(Content Object Repository Discovery and Registration/Resolution Architecture)
On Contact [email protected]
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2727
Registries of RegistriesRegistries of Registries
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Evolving RegistriesEvolving Registries
Library exchange systems (Europe)
Government document systems (EU, UK, Australia, US and Japan)
European Union learning exchange
UK National Grid for Learning
Australian learning exchange
US National object eXchange (connects to UK, Australia and others; now under development, standards-based, free to not-for-profit academic institutions--contact [email protected] or Judy Brown [email protected] )
NERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and MarketplacesNERCOMP Session on Emerging Standards and Marketplaces 2929
Thank YouThank You
John Purcell
Learning Objects Network
www.loninc.com