nervous system (pg. 2)
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Nervous System (pg. 2). What effects did Morgan Spurlock’s lifestyle have on his experiment? If you were to re-run the test, what things would you do differently? Why?. Page #2 of notebook. Nervous System/ Communication. Topic. Vocab Term Definition - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Nervous System (pg. 2)
What effects did Morgan Spurlock’s lifestyle have on his experiment?
If you were to re-run the test, what things would you do differently? Why?
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Nervous System/Communication
Page #2 of notebook
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Topic
Vocab TermDefinition
Other important things about the topic
(picture)
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Nervous System
Nervous System: The body’s electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells
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CNS vs. PNS
Central Nervous System:
Brain and Spinal Cord
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Peripheral Nervous System:
Sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
Anything not the brain/spinal cord
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Types of Neurons
Sensory Neurons:Nerves that carry messages from the body’s tissue and sensory receptors inward towards the brain
Motor Neurons:Nerves that carry instructions from the CNS to the body’s muscles
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Types of Neurons
Sensory
Motor
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What is a neuron?
Neuron = Nerve cell
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The Neuron
Neuron = nerve cell
Job: To send information throughout the Nervous System
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Dendrites
Dendrites
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DendritesDendrites:Neuron’s bushy, branching extensions that receive messages from other neurons
Dendrites “Listen”
Mean ‘tree-like’
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Dendrites
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Cell Body
Dendrites
Cell Body
Nucleus
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Cell Body
…Body of the cell; where the Nucleus is
Information is collected and determined whether or not to be sent down the axon
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Axon
Dendrites
Axon
Axon terminal
Cell Body
Nucleus
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AxonAxonThe neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons
Two parts: Axon and Axon Terminals
Axons ‘talks’ through process called synapse (we’ll discuss that later)
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Recap
1
2 3
4
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyNkAuX29OU
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Myelin Sheath
Dendrites
Axon
Axon terminal
Cell Body
NucleusMyelin Sheath
Node of Ranvier
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Myelin Sheath
Myelin SheathFatty tissue layer encasing the axons of some neurons
Enables greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one s to the next
Node of Ranvier: Space in between the myelin sheaths
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Myelin Sheath
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What happens when there is no Myelin Sheath?
Over time, covering gets damaged; causes neural transmission speed to decrease
Multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's
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Action PotentialPage #3 of notebook
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Recap
Neurons send information across body
Dendrites listen/receive informationAxon talk/send information
ACTION POTENTIAL IS THE PROCESS OF TELLING THE AXON TERMINALS
TO SEND INFORMATION!!!!!!!!
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Action Potential
Action Potential:Brief electrical charge that travels down the neuron’s axon
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Action PotentialReceive Information Send
Information
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AP: Step One
1. Resting PotentialInside of cell has negative charge (~70mV)
Potassium (K) on inside; Sodium (Na) on outside
Cell is ready to jump into action!
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AP: Step Two
2. Na+ Doors OpenNa+ channels open; Na+ ions from the outside enter the cell
Cell becomes more positive; will it reach the action threshold?!?
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AP: Step Three
3. DepolarizationAs Na+ is coming in, K+ doors open up; K+ ions from the inside leave the cell
Cell’s charge begins to level out (becoming more positive)
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AP: Step Four
4. Action Potential Climax Na+ channels close; no more Na+
ions can enter cell
Note: K+ ions are still leaving; what is that going to do to the electrical charge of the cell?
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AP: Step Five
5. Repolarization K+ ions continue to leave the cell
Cell is returning to a “resting level” stage
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AP: Step Six
6. HyperpolarizationK+ doors finally close; more K+ outside than Na+ inside
Result: Cell body is too negative; cell adjusts to reach resting potential once more.
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AP: Step Seven
Back to resting potentialThe system is ready to go again!
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Synapse: Axons talking to Dendrites
Page #4 in notebook
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Bell Ringer 11/6Page #4 in notebook
Does the process of action potential send messages to other neurons?
If so, how? If not, what does it do then?
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RecapWhat are the parts of the neuron? What does each part do?
Action potential is getting messages from one end of neuron to the other
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Recap: Action Potential
Like a wave: Electrical charge of cell goes up and down
That up and down of charge pushes the message down axon
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Synapse
Now that the information is at the axon, it needs to be sent to another neuron
Synapse: The Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
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Synapse ActivityEach row will have 1 dendrite, 1 axon terminal; everyone else is in the axon
Goal: to send down the most messages down the neuron Dendrite receives message from Mr. D Axon show the processes in the action potential
Axon terminal shoots message into bin
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11/7/13: The BrainPage #5 of notebook
Yesterday we showed how synapse worked and how sometimes synapse is blocked.
Using that information, how does Tylenol work with neurons?
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Look what I found!http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/10/31/242158325/a-new-look-at-an-old-epilepsy-drug-yields-treatment-clue
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11/7/13: RecapMessages travel through the
nervous system; this system is created by neurons
In the neuron: dendrites listen, axon terminals talk
Action Potential = message travels from dendrite to axon (SAME NEURON)
Synapse = messages travels from one neuron to the other (OTHER NEURON)
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11/7/13: The BrainFour Lobes
Frontal Parietal (Par-riot-al) Occipital (Awk-sip-it-al) Temporal
Each lobe has a specific function; neuron sends different messages to each
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11/7/13 ActivityColor Brain before cutting
Frontal: Blue Parietal: Green Occipital: Orange Temporal: Pink Page 3: Brown
BE CAREFUL HOW YOU CUT; YOU DON’T WANT TO RUIN YOUR BRAIN!
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11/13/13: The BrainPage #5 of notebook (continued)
Finish this sentence:“The brain is like a _______.”
Tell me why compared the brain in that way. Be creative.
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Presentation AssignmentSide 1:What lobe do you have?What does that lobe control?Where in the brain is it located?
Side 2:Specifics about your case study OR
What is going on in the disease?
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11/14/13: The BrainPage #5 of notebook (continued)
What are the four lobes and their functions?
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11/14/13: Temporal Lobe
FunctionsHearingUnderstanding
LanguageMemory
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11/14/13: Occipital Lobe
FunctionsPerceives visual
informationSight, sights,
and more sight
Color blindness would start here
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11/14/13: Pareital Lobe
Functions:Received
messages from senses
Self-locationSelf-
OrientationSensory cortex
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11/14/13: Frontal LobeFunctions:Consciousness and
PersonalityControls mood and
emotional responsesJudgments we make
throughout dayLAST PART OF BRAIN
TO DEVELOP
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11/14/13: Frontal Lobe example
Phineas Gage
Railroad rod went through his face, damaging frontal lobe
Before: Soft-spoken
After: Irritable, profane, and dishonest
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11/14/13: Motor CortexPART OF FRONTAL
LOBE
Motor CortexArea that controls
voluntary movements
Electrical stimulus causes body to move
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11/14/13: Motor Cortex
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTPWu0ag2uo
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11/14/13: Sensory Cortex
Sensory CortexArea in front of the parietal lobe that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
Places that are more sensitive (lips) are have a larger area on Sensory Cortex
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11/14/13: Sensory Cortex
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11/15/13: The BrainPage #5 of notebook (continued)
Write the following sentence WITH YOUR LEAST DOMINANT HAND:
“The lazy dog jumped over the quick brown fox.”
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11/15/13: Brain PlasticityRecap:What does the motor cortex do?What does the sensory cortex do?
What do you think would happen to both cortexes after an injury to a limb?
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11/15/13: Brain PlasticityPlasticity:The brain’s ability to modify itself after damage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaDlLD97CLM
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11/15/13: Brain PlasticityWhich characteristics define the left hemisphere? Which characteristics define the right hemisphere?
What jobs would work best for a left-brained person? What jobs would work best for a right?