Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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LEARNING TARGETS • The nervous system maintains body homeostasis through

sensation, interpretation, response and activity. • Nerve cells send electrical signals for communication. • Reflexes help protect our bodies from harm and can be

tested. • Nerves interpret incoming impulses and act with outgoing

impulses. • The eye is a complicated organ that sends visual impulses to

the brain for interpretation. I can list the organs and divisions of the nervous system and describe the generalized functions of the system as a whole. I can differentiate between CNS and PNS. List  the  three  major  functions  of  the  nervous  system.      

a.  ____________________________________________________________________    

b.  ____________________________________________________________________  

c.  ____________________________________________________________________  

CNS PNS

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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Choose  the  key  responses  that  best  correspond  to  the  descriptions  provided  in  the  following  statements.  Insert  the  appropriate  letter  or  term  in  the  answer  blanks.    

I can identify the major types of cells in the nervous system and discuss the function of each.

• I can name the three types of neurons. Define each of them. • I can name and give the function of the three types of glia cells.

NEURONS NEUROGLIA

TYPE FUNCTION TYPE FUNCTION

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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This  exercise  emphasizes  the  difference  between  neurons  and  neuroglia.  Indicate  which  cell  type  is  identified  by  the  following  descriptions.  Insert  the  appropriate  letter  or  term  in  the  answer  blanks.      KEY  CHOICES:  A.  Neurons  B.  Neuroglia  

____  1.  Supports,  insulates,  and  protects  cells.  

 ____  2.  Demonstrates  irritability  and  conductivity,  and  thus  transmit  electrical                                        messages  from  one  area of  the  body  to  another  area.    ____  3.  Release  neurotransmitters.  

 ____  4.  Are  amitotic.  

 ____  5.  Able  to  divide;  therefore  are  responsible  for  most  brain  neoplasms.

I can draw and label the three parts of a neuron and explain the function of the dendrite and axon. Figure  7-­‐1  is  a  diagram  of  a  neuron.  First,  label  the  parts  indicated  on  the  illustration  by  leader  lines.  Then  choose  different  colors  for  each  of  the  structures  listed  below  and  use  them  to  color  in  the  coding  circles  and  corresponding  structures  in  the  illustration.  Finally,  draw  arrows  on  the  figure  to  indicate  the  direction  of  impulse  transmission  along  the  neuron’s  membrane.    

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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I can identify the anatomical and functional components of a three-neuron reflex arc. Explain  how  a  reflex  arc  works.      What  are  the  two  types  of  reflex  arc?   Refer  to  Figure  7-­‐2,  showing  a  reflex  arc,  as  you  complete  this  exercise.  First,  briefly  answer  the  following  questions  by  inserting  your  responses  in  the  spaces  provided.

1. What  is  the  stimulus?  ____________________________________________________  

2. What  tissue  is  the  effector?  _______________________________________________    

3. How  many  synapses  occur  in  this  reflex  arc?  __________________________________  

Next,  select  different  colors  for  each  of  the  following  structures  and  use  them  to  color  in  the  coding  circles  and  corresponding  structures  in  the  diagram.  Finally,  draw  arrows  on  the  figure  indicating  the  direction  of  the  impulse  transmission  through  this  reflex  pathway.

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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I can compare and contrast the propagation of a nerve impulse along a nerve fiber and across a synaptic cleft.

• I can explain what a synapse is and what happens there. • I can define neurotransmitter and give examples. • I can explain what occurs during a nerve impulse.

Explain  how  an  impulse  is  transmitted  to  invoke  a  response.  

Match  the  anatomic  terms  given  in  Column  B  with  the  appropriate  descriptions  of  the  function  provided  in  Column  A.  Place  the  correct  term  or  letter  response  in  the  answer  blanks.

I can identify the major anatomical components of the brain and spinal cord and briefly comment on the function of each.

Describe  the  structure  of  the  spinal  cord.  What  are  the  two  main  functions  of  the  spinal  cord?                

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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Name  and  describe  the  three  membranes  surrounding  the  spinal  cord  and  brain.                        Explain  the  purpose  of  the  cerebrospinal  fluid.  

-­‐-­‐  Where  does  it  come  from?    Where  does  it  go?   Using  the  following  KEY  choices,  identify  the  meningeal  (or  associated)  structures  described  below.

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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I can list the divisions of the brain and their functions.

Brainstem Function

Diencephalon Function

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Lobe Function

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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Using  the  key  choices,  complete  the  following  statements  by  inserting  your  answers  in  the  answer  blanks.

Figure  7-­‐3  is  a  diagram  of  the  right  lateral  view  of  the  human  brain.  First,  match  the  letters  on  the  diagram  with  the  following  list  of  terms  and  insert  the  appropriate  letters  in  the  answer  blanks.  Then,  select  different  colors  for  each  of  the  areas  of  the  brain  provided  with  a  color-­‐  coding  circle  and  use  them  to  color  in  the  coding  circles  and  corresponding  structures  in  the  diagram.  If  an  identified  area  is  a  part  of  a  lobe,  use  the  color  you  selected  for  the  lobe  but  use  stripes  for  that  area.

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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I can compare and contrast spinal and cranial nerves. Explain  the  structure  of  a  nerve.                Explain  the  difference  between  white  matter  and  gray  matter.   Using  the  Key  Choices,  complete  the  following  statements.

I can discuss the anatomical and functional characteristics of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system. What  are  the  functions  of  the  sympathetic  and  parasympathetic  nervous  systems  and  explain  how  they  are  different?  

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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Analyze the accessory and internal structures of the eye, ears, nose, tongue and dermis including specialized receptors. I can classify sense organs as special or general and explain the basic differences between the two groups. Describe  general  sense  organs  and  their  functions.              What  are  the  basic  differences  between  general  sense  organs  and  special  sense  organs?    

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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I can discuss the anatomy of the ear and its sensory function in hearing and equilibrium. Differentiate  between  the  outer  ear  and  inner  ear.             I can discuss the chemical receptors and their functions. What  two  special  sense  organs  use  chemical  receptors?    What  are  those  chemical  receptors  called?   How do they actual work together to allow you to taste food?

Type of receptor: Vestibule:

Semicircular canals:

Cochlea:

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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I can describe the structure of the eye and the functions of its components. Label  the  diagram  below.    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Structure of the Eye Function

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

Type of receptor: Rods: Cones:

Nervous System and Senses Objectives

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Using  key  choices,  select  the  terms  identified  in  the  following  descriptions  by  inserting  the  appropriate  letter  or  term  in  the  spaces  provided.

STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS