nes: skeletal system: human physiology in...
TRANSCRIPT
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LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
June 12, 2012
NES: Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space
Presented by: Marti Phipps
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NASAExplorerSchools
Presented by:Marti Phipps
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Skeletal System: Human Physiology in Space
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Subject Areas
Grade Level:9‐12
Subject Areas:Life Science
Math
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Teachers, what subject do you teach?A. PhysicsB. ChemistryC. BiologyD. Earth ScienceE. General Science
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Have you heard of NASA Explorer Schools?
✔ Yes✖ No
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National StandardsLife Science
•Behavior of organisms•Interdependence of organisms•Science as a human endeavor•Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
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Math• Measurement – Apply appropriate techniques,
tools, and formulas to determine measurements• Measurement – Understand measurable attributes
of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement
• Problem Solving – Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems
• Geometry – Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements
National Standards
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Learning Objectives1. How muscle and bone loss contribute to
reduced fitness of astronauts when they return to Earth.
2. How bone formation and calcium metabolism change in microgravity.
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Life Science @ NASA• Explain science with science!• Building blocks for doing some of the coolest jobs at NASA
• Involved in every mission• Vital to safe successful mission results
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Questions?
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Where does physiology fit into your classroom scope and sequence?
Type your responses in the chat box.
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1. What this lesson teaches, where to find lesson2. Introduction/prep to Skeletal System: Human
Physiology in Space (Earth and Space Physiology)3. Suggestions for teaching concepts and presenting lessons:
‐ How to introduce the lesson, background‐ Performing the experiment‐ Analyzing/reporting results, discussion
4. Extensions and resources for implementing5. Sharing ‐ your questions and your ideas
Overview of Session
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You are a NASA space physiologist.
1) You must predict how various materials will respond to a variety of external forces.
2) Design an experiment that will test those hypotheses.
3) Share the results.
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Prior Knowledge• Earth Physiology‐ Bone development, structure
‐ Bone function
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• Space Physiology• Student Investigations• Space Flight Investigations
New Concepts
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How does microgravity affect our bones?
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Engagement
• Introduce video or NASA Now to students• Generate discussion• Connect your classroom to background
‐ Essential student buy in
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Science?• What is science?
– Biology– Physics– Chemistry– Mathematics
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Earth vs. Space?• Atmosphere• Radiation• Gravity
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Humans in Space?• Environmental Challenges • Body Changes• Human Survival• Atmosphere
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Student Investigations
1. Predicting Height from the Length of Limb Bones
2. The Influence of Applied Forces on Different Materials
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Earth Physiology
Support for the body here on Earth is supplied by the bones
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Bone Classification • Long: arm and leg bones
• Short: wrists and ankles
• Flat: ribs and bones of skull
• Irregular:vertebrae along spine
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Bone Development & Structure
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Examples of Compressional Forces
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Bone Function
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Ossification
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Space Flight – Bone Loss
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Space Physiology
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Gravitational Characteristics
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Living in Space
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Questions?
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Lesson OnePredicting Height from the Length
of Limb Bones
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Materials• Computers with internet access• Website address• Tape measures• Graph paper• Rulers• Stopwatch• Journals or paper to record results
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Fourth Month Most primary ossification centers have appeared in the diaphyses of bone
Birth to 5 years Secondary ossification center appear in the equipment
5‐12 years in females or 5‐14 years in males
Ossification is spreading rapidly from the ossification center and various bones are becoming ossified
17‐20 years Bone of upper limbs and scapulae becoming completely ossified
18‐23 years Bone of the lower limbs become completely ossified
23 to 25 years Bone of the sternum, clavicles, and vertebrae become completely ossified
By 25 years Nearly all bones are completely ossified
Ossification Time Table
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Step 1• Break into groups• For each person in group – two measurements‐length of the upper arm limb (humerus)‐height of each person
• Graph the data!
Procedure
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Step 2• Data for each person should include two measurements
• Graph data – length of the humerus on x‐axis, height on the y‐axis
• After graphed, draw straight line along data points, extend to x‐axis
• Determine slope of line and equation of the line
Procedure
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Step 3• Complete data, determine equations for lines• Switch people around in groups• Measure the length of the humerus for the “new” people in the group
• Determine height – using graphs and using line equations
• Each group will calculate new person’s height!
Procedure
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Procedure
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DiscussionWhat are the sources of error that might have been responsible for:‐Data point not lining up‐Graph not being accurate enough‐Equation not being accurate
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What kind of sample population would yield the best set of data points?
How will age of the sample population affect results? How old must they be to determine height from the radius, the tibia, and the femur?
Discussion
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Questions?
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Lesson TwoInfluence of Applied Forces on
Different Materials
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• Compress• Stretch• Twist• Bend
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Uniform compressional and tensile forces applied to materials that we understand create predictable stresses. On the other hand, torsional forces are much more difficult to control and
often create more damage.
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Strength of Materials• Kind of material• Physical characteristics of material• Molecular forces holding material together• Kinds of forces being applied
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Materials• Various materials differing in: kinds of material, cross sectional area, density, geometry
• Various instruments: small hammer, large rubber hammer, mortar and pestle, stretching mechanism
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Before Investigation…• Before applying forces – predict and rate how materials will respond
• Record predictions • Create a rating system – elasticity, plasticity, fracture point
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Step 1• Discuss the materials • Have teams select items to test:compressional, tensile, and torsional
• Select items that vary in: cross‐sectional area, shape, density, and elasticity
Procedure
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• What material was the most elastic? Least elastic?
• What was the most brittle? Least brittle?• Which material that you tested is comparable to a human bone?
Discussion
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Space Flight Investigations
Animal Enclosure ModulePreflight and post‐flight rat growth during the space flight experiment
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Changes in Rate and Strength
• Tibia Cross Section: Control
• Tibia Cross Section: Flight
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Questions?
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Extensions and Resources
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Related Activities
http://nsbri.tamu.edu/HumanPhysSpace/indexb.html
http://nsbri.tamu.edu/HumanPhysSpace/indexb.html
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Get your students doing real‐life science now with NASA!Get your students doing real‐life science now with NASA!
How Does Parathyroid Hormone Affect Changes in Bone Mass in Microgravity? Grades 8‐12
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Space Station for Teachers!Space Station for Teachers!
Space Station for Kids
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Additional Resources for High School:
Microgravity Effects on Human Physiology: Circulatory System
Microgravity Effects on Human Physiology: Skeletal System
Microgravity Effects on Human Physiology: Immune System
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Elementary & Middle School Resources
NASA Explorer Schools• Human Body: Space Adaptations
Teaching from Space Office• A Day in the Life• Spaced Out Sports
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CollaborationMaking Teaching Easy
Search for:NASA Explorer Schoolson facebook.
Follow us on Twitter:@NESupdate
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Tell us what you think!
Take the ProductSurveyBecome eligible for NASA recognition opportunities!
NASAExplorerSchools
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Thank you for joining us!
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Thank you to the sponsor of tonight's Web Seminar:
This web seminar contains information about programs, products, and services offered by third parties, as well as links to third-party websites. The presence of a listing or such information does not constitute an endorsement by NSTA of a
particular company or organization, or its programs, products, or services.
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http://learningcenter.nsta.org
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National Science Teachers AssociationGerry Wheeler, Interim Executive Director
Zipporah Miller, Associate Executive Director, Conferences and Programs
Al Byers , Ph.D., Assistant Executive Director, e-Learning and Government Partnerships
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
NSTA Web SeminarsPaul Tingler, Director
Jeff Layman, Technical CoordinatorBrynn Slate, Program Coordinator