net zero energy housing workshop april 5, 2012 carter scott, president transformations, inc....
TRANSCRIPT
Net Zero Energy Housing Workshop
April 5, 2012
Carter Scott, PresidentCarter Scott, President
Transformations, Inc. Townsend, MATransformations, Inc. Townsend, MA
(978) 597-0542(978) 597-0542
www.transformations-inc.comwww.transformations-inc.com
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distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is
prohibited.
© 2012 Transformations, Inc.
• HERS Index of -4
HERS Index Results…
The Farmhouse(Built in Townsend, MA in 2008)
Applying what we learned in the “Zero Energy Challenge” to production home building.
Cost Effective Insulation
• Cellulose in the attic floor, R 3.5 per inch (18” for an R-63)
• Low Density Foam in the walls, R 3.9 per inch (12” for a cavity insulation of R-46.8).
• Note, We now mainly use ThermoSeal 500, R 3.8 per inch. It is a water based foam, reducing blowing agent off-gassing concerns.
The GrotonBuilt in Townsend, MA in 2010
(a home with 12 months of utility statements showing positive energy)
HERS Index and Energy Usage
• The Groton HERS Index came in at a 2• The actual energy usage came in at -1574 kWh
per year.• At @.20 cents per kWh, the yearly credit built
up was $315 or about $26 per month
$551.01 Credit Balance!
Only three months with net electric energy usage
-1,574 net electric energy usage for the year
Enough electric energy to run a plug in Prius or Nissan Leaf a majority of the year!
Zero Energy Attainable Development Easthampton, MA
Production building for a Developer
• 33 units total • Savings of about 60% in the base houses• Optional PV as a lease, a purchase or a hybrid
purchase.
“The Farmhouse II” Model Home
Easthampton, MA
• 1818 square feet of living space • 3 Bedrooms• $120.46 psf including overhead and margin
($102.26 psf hard costs to build)• HERS Index of 2
Farmhouse Parametric Modeling
Mitsubishi inside unit
Model #MSZ-FE12NA (One 12,000 BTU head downstairs and one 12,000 BTU head upstairs)
Mitsubishi Outside Units
Two Model #MUZ-FE12NA condensersSet up off the ground
Master Bathroom
Price PointInnovations in bringing Zero Energy Homes to the marketplace contribute to this price point:
Utilizing the Federal PV cash incentives and the new S-RECS
Lease PV systemsCost effective HVAC systems
Solar Electric Installations
R. Carter ScottTransformations, Inc.
www.transformations-inc.com
Solar Electric SystemFarmhouse II Model
• 36 panels• 210 watts per panel• 3 strings of panels• Racking• Inverter
Solar Electric Installation Options
• Short on capital?– Lease with no money down– Receive a 10% discount on the power produced.
• Have the capital?– Buy the system– Enjoy the incentives– Become cash flow positive in about 6-7 years
Solar Electric Installations7.56 kW Case Study---Costs
• The typical cost per watt is $5.50• For the 7.56 kW system, the cost is $41,580• Micro-inverters add about 50 cents per watt.• High efficiency panels (SunPower ~18%
efficiency) add about $1 per watt.
Solar Electric Installations7.56 kW Case Study---Incentives
• The Federal tax credit is 30%: $12,474 for a $41,580 system.
• Massachusetts has a $1,000 tax credit per system
• The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (CEC) has a $2,000 incentive (with MA component adder).
• Plus S-RECS (see next slides)
Renewable Portfolio Standards
• Massachusetts has a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). It requires a growing percentage of the electricity to be renewable (RPS Class 1).
• For 2011, the RPS is 6% of the electricity sold.
• The RPS is expected to go up 1% per year for several years.
Solar Carve Out
• There is a carve out for solar electricity (RPS Class 1 Solar Carve Out).
• The solar carve out percentage of 5% of the Renewable Energy Portfolio (RPS) standard.
• For 2011, the solar carve out is 5% of the 6% Renewable Portfolio Standard requirement (.05 times .06 or .003).
Alternative Compliance Payment Rates
• If the utility does not have the solar carve out percentage it either needs to pay the ACP rate for 2012 of $550 or…
• Purchase Solar Renewable Energy Credits.
S-RECs Cash Flow YR 1• An S-REC is 1,000 kilowatt hours or a megawatt• This 7.56 kW system will generate about 9,072 kilowatt
hours in the first year (9 SRECs).• The utilities are currently paying about $20 less than the
penalty for the S-RECS and there is an aggregator fee of about 7% ($530 *.93 = $493)
• 9 S-RECs times $493 = $4,437 in year 1.
Solar Electric InstallationsS-REC Cash Flow YR 2-10
• The system will likely lose about 1% efficiency per year in overall production.
• The ACP rate will decrease in value over the course of the rest of the S-REC life (years 2-10).
• With a averaged efficiency loss of about 5% and an averaged S-REC value reduction of about 20% (the chart DOER chart has an average reduction of 16%) year 2-10 should average about $3,328 per year or $29,952 in years 2-10.
• Total S-REC income of about $34,389 over 10 years!!!
Year ACP Rate per MWh
2012 $550
2013 $550
2014 $523
2015 $496
2016 $472
2017 $448
2018 $426
2019 $404
2020 $384
2021 $365
2022 $347
Solar Electric InstallationsElectrical output of the system
• The 7.56 kW system will generate about 9,072 kilowatt hours in the first year, and average about 8,618 per year for the first 10 years
• At $.17 per kilowatt hour, that is $1465 per year or 14,650 over a ten year period.
Solar Electric InstallationsTotal Revenue over 10 years
• The Federal tax credit: $12,474• Massachusetts tax credit: $1,000• The Massachusetts CEC: $2,000• S-RECs: $34,389• Electricity: $14,650• Total Revenue: $64,513
Solar Electric InstallationsTotal Revenue over 10 years
• Total Revenue: $64,513• Total Cost: $41,580 ($5.50 per watt)• 10 year return: $22,933• 20 more years of electricity and regular
RECs free and clear!
Beyond Zero Energy Homes…Net Positive Homes
Carbon ReductionTransportation Sector
• With a Positive Energy Home, we can reduce our share of the 40% of the carbon that is associated in the United States with the transportation sector.
Option 1:Produce more renewable energy
• With higher efficiency panels (18% instead of 14%), more power can be generated on the roof.
• Our 7.56 kW example can yield 10.08 kW with SunPower panels.
• This is 33% additional power• 2.52 kW for our home
A Custom Home in Princeton, MA with a 14.4 kW PV system
HERS Index of -9
Princeton home
• Energy Positive performance…
Sep'11Oct'11
Nov'11Dec'11
Jan'12
PV Generation
Total Usage 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
kW
Month
64
pa
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ls o
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- 6
4 p
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- 5
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Option 2:Conserve more energy
• Higher efficiency windows• Thicker walls• Passive House techniques
A Custom Home is Stow MA
15 ½ thick walls, Air infiltration of.50 ACH @50 pascals
A Custom Home is Maynard, MA
Large overhangs protect the home from summer solar heat gain.
Framing The colored Insulated slab is protected during construction.
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HERS Index of -8
PV Powered Automobile
Charging stations on the Street
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Some of the vehicles in the pipeline for 2010-12
Chevrolet
Smart
Ford
Nissan
Tesla
Mitsubishi
Creating A Greener Energy Future For the Commonwealth
Plug-In Vehicles Enter Markets in Late 2010 - What is the Near-Term Achievable Market Penetration?
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•Market penetration grows as vehicle production numbers increase, new models are introduced, and economies of scale drive down prices. (source: Southern California Edison) & Obama goal of 1 million Ev’s by 2020
Creating A Greener Energy Future For the Commonwealth
Electric vehicles and the environment
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• The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (CEC) website: www.masscec.com
• The Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources website: www.mass.gov/doer
• The DSIRE website has lists of utility sponsored financial incentive programs, Mass CEC rebates, and all state and federal energy efficiency tax credits: http:/dsire.org/
• The Transformations, Inc. website: www.transformations-inc.com
Resources…
Net Zero Energy Housing Workshop
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Questions?
Carter Scott, President, Transformations, Inc.
Zero Energy HomesSolar Electric Installations