Climate resilience animal feed

technologies and their replication possibility in farmer’s field

Netra P. Osti, M. Husneid Azad, Bimala Shah and Chet. R. Upreti

Animal Nutrition Division, National Animal Science Research Institute (NASRI)

Introduction • Livestock plays an important role in national food

and nutrition security

• Feed covers most cost of production (over 70%) in farm animal production

• Nepal lags behind to meet animal protein supply of the national nutritional requirement of human need for good health and prosperity

• Large number of farm animals and birds compared with available land resources (for example in buffalo - India the 1st, Pakistan 2nd , China 3rd and Nepal 4rth)

Introduction …. Livestock Products

Livestock products Year % Change in 10 yrs % Change/yr

2002/03 3012/2013

Milk (000 tons) 1196 1681 40.54 4.05

Cow milk 362 492 36.18 3.62

Buffalo milk 843 1188 42.43 4.24

Meat (000 Tons) 204 295 44.76 4.48

Buffalo 131 175 33.90 3.39

Mutton 2.8 2.7 -2.54 -0.25

Goat meat 39.7 55.6 40.12 4.01

Pork 15.6 18.7 19.73 1.97

Chicken 14.9 42.8 190.12 19.01

Duck 0.27 0.22 -19.63 -1.96

Eggs (millions) 557 887 59.19 5.92

Wool (000 kg) 601 587 -2.14 -0.21

Introduction ……

• This low productivity of animal is mainly due to – low supply of animal feed (36 % deficit) and quality of feeding

materials which emeses methane in the environment – Low producing animal emeses more methane in the

environment – diverse ecological region, erratic rainfall, continuous climate

change, migration of peoples to search employment and better settlement

– Few commercial livestock farms are emerging with government supports and by adopting available technology, still there is big gaps • in terms of knowledge, most of livestock owners are lack of

knowledge in animal production come from other background • technology use, appropriate management practices, • and continuous increasing food prices and high cost of production.

Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane emission

Fodder tree Leaves

• Contain 12-16 % CP with 30-35 % DM

• Good source of green fodder for dry season

• Good fodder tree - Artocarpus Lakucha, Bauhnea purpurea, Litsea polyantha, Ficus cunia/semicordata, Ficus lakor, Ficus glomerata

• Less palatable and high Tanin (above 5 %) contain - Terminelia chebula, Terminalia belerica etc

Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane emission ……..

• Roots and tubers - good source of energy (3100 Kcal/kg) specially for pigs

• Native as well as exotic forage species of grasses and legumes for lean period feeding

Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane emission …..

Crop residues and byproducts

S/N Crops

Crop and crop by-products (million tons)

Main products Residue Oil meals Oil cake Bran/husk

1 Rice 45.0450 67.5676 15.9992

2 Maize 199.9901 599.9703 159.9921

3 Millet 3.0559 12.2235

4 Wheat 17.2735 25.9102 1.3819

5 Barley 0.3378 0.5067 3.6036

6 Buck wheat 0.1006 0.1508

7 Oilseed 1.7900 1.0382 1.0382 1.2530

8 Sugarcane 29.3000 7.3250

9 Cotton 0.0015 0.0005 0.0005 0.0012

10 Pulses 3.5674 14.2697 2.4972

Total 300.4618 728.9625 1.0387 163.7435 20.9847

Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane

emission …….. Crop residues - (Rice and

wheat straw) can be compressed and fortified with energy (molasses, protein (Urea), minerals and vitamins could maintain animal production during feed scarcity period (Dry season in hills and rainy season in Terai) up to 8 lit milk/d was achieved from 5 lit/d.

Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane

emission ……..

De-oiled Soybean meals/cake (SBC) could be use as rumen protected protein (bypass protein) for high yielding dairy animals – Results show 43 % (during dry season) milk production increased in on-station and 20 % in on-farm condition. But SBC totally imported from aboard.

Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane

emission ……..

Feed conservation – Sugarcane tops silage with 1 % urea (31 % increased in milk production)

Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane emission ……..……..

• Sugarcane Baggase -produce in huge amount in sugar mills could be source of feed (silage, block, fresh)

Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane emission ……..……..

• Supplementation, fortification and addition

– Many feed resources have deficient one or more nutrients that could be fulfill by supplementing specific nutrient in animals feed, formulating non ruminant diets by using local and nonconventional fed ingredients need to fulfill deficient nutrients in this case urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) liking, synthetic amino acids (lysine & Met) can supply deficient nutrients (protein, minerals and vitamin) for particular areas and season.

Conclusion

• Fodder tree leaves, native as well as exotic forages, crop residues and crop byproducts are the major sources of feeds in Nepal.

• Some supplementation technology like UMMB, nutrients data base, use of fodder tree leaves in feeding during winter and dry season are well adopted in farmer’s field which could reduces carbon and methane emission from animals.

• Other new technologies sugarcane top silage, densification of high volume rice and wheat straw (TMR), rumen protected protein (bypass protein) and feed formulation technique by using nutrients content database shown good results in terms of environment and animal production, these technologies could be replication potentials in farmer’s field in collaboration with Department of Livestock Services (DLS), NGO/CBOs and farmer groups in near future.

THANK YOU !!!