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Network components

Network components Hardware Software

Hardware : physical devices and media elements

laptop PC switch the cabling that used to connect the

devices

Software : communication programs that run on the networked devices

email services.

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Lab EquepmentsWorkstations A workstation is an end device that is equipped

with a network interface card (NIC). NIC : allow computers to communicate over a computer network either by using cables or wirelessly .

workstation In the lab is a personal computer (PC) that is equipped with

- an Ethernet card and - Windows XP as the operating system.

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Lab Equepmentsintermediary devices :Provides connectivity and ensures data flows

across network.RoutersSwitchesHubs

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Lab EquepmentsRouters : connect two different networks together and allow

for traffic to flow between them. A router forwards network traffic to the best path

depending on set of rules and algorithms (Routing Protocols).

The routers operate at layer three (Network Layer) .uses IP addresses to identify the source and

destination.

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Lab EquepmentsSwitches : A switch is a network devicejoins multiple devices together within one local

area network (LAN). operate at layer two (Data Link Layer) .Switch uses MAC addresses to identify source and

destination and forwarding packet only to appropriate destination.

switch conserves network bandwidth and offers generally better performance than a hub.

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Lab EquepmentsHubs :joins multiple devices together in one LAN. forwards each received packet to all connected

devices .layer one (Physical Layer) .

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Lab EquepmentsTransmission Cables :Twisted pair

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

Coaxial cablesFiber optic cables

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Lab EquepmentsTransmission Cables :1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cableconsists of four pairs of color-coded wires twisted together encased in a

flexible plastic sheath.

Color Pair

Blue and White Blue 1

White Orange and Orange 2

White Green and Green 3

White Brown and Brown 4

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Lab EquepmentsThe standard connector for unshielded twisted pair

cable is an RJ-45 connector

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Lab EquepmentsWiring Patterns:Each end of the UTP cable can be connected in one of two standards

T568A

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Lab Equepments

T568B

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Lab EquepmentsUTP Cable Types :

There are three types of UTP cables: Ethernet Straight-through Cable Ethernet Crossover Cable Rollover Cable

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Lab EquepmentsEthernet Straight-through Cable both ends are T568A or T568B.

Used for connecting PC-------------Switch ,hub Router---------Switch ,hub

Connecting different devices

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Lab EquepmentsEthernet Crossover Cable: one end is T568A and the other end is T568B.

Used for connecting :PC------------------PCSwitch-------SwitchPC------------RouterRouter ------- RouterHub ---------Hub

•Connecting two workstations together.•Connecting two networking devices

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Lab EquepmentsRollover Cable: Cisco proprietary. Used to connect a workstation serial port to a router or

switch console port, using an adapter. PC-------- router (console port)PC------ switch’s (console port)

This allows a programmer to make a connection to the router or switch for configurations

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Lab Equepments2. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable : STP provide better noise protection than UTP. Help to extend the maximum distance of the cables.Each pair of wires is individually shielded with foil. Foil or braid shield inside the jacket covering all wires (as a

group).

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Lab Equepments3.Coaxial Cable :consists of a copper conductor surrounded by a

layer of flexible insulation. Over the insulating material there is a woven

copper braida copper braid reduces the amount of outside

electromagnetic interference.

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Lab Equepments4.Fiber Optic Cable consists of a center glass core surrounded by several layers of

protective materials. It transmits light rather than electronic signals eliminating the

problem of electrical interference. has the ability to transmit signals over longer distances than

coaxial and twisted pair. provide high bandwidth at high speeds. There are two common types :1. single mode 2. multimode Single mode can provide more distance, but it is more expensive

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