“neuman’s theory”
TRANSCRIPT
“Neuman’s theory”
BY:- FIROZ QURESHIDEPT. PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
“Neuman’s theory”
Introduction The Neuman’s system model was
originally developed in 1970 at the university of California, los Angeles. The modal was developed by Dr. Neuman’s as a way to teach an introductory nursing course to nursing students. The goal of the model was to provide a wholistic overview of the physiological, psychological, sociocultural and development aspects of human being.
Intro cont……… B.Sc. in nursing in 1957, M.Sc. in
mental health public health consultation, from university of california, los angeles in 1966, Ph.D. in clinical psychology.
Theory was published in- - “A model for teaching total
person approach to patient problems” in nursing research-1972.
Intro cont…… Betty Neuman’s system
model provides a comprehensive flexible holistic and system based perspective for nursing. Neuman’s model is just that a model not a full theory. It is a conceptual framework. A visual representation for thinking about humans and nurses and their interaction. The model views the person as a layered.
Development of the modelNeuman’s model was
influenced by-The philosophy writers Dechardin and Cornu ( on wholeness in system).Von Bertalanfy and lazlo or general system theory.Selye on stress theory.Lararus on stress and coping.
Major concepts The major four concepts are following-1). Person-
The person is a layered multidimensional being each layer consists of five person variables or subsystem-
Physical/Physiological. Psychological. Sociocultural. Development. Spiritual.
Major conceptsThe layers usually represent
by concentric circle. Consists of the central core, lines of resistance. Lines of normal defense and lines of flexible defense.
2). Environment- The environment is seen to be the totality of the internal and external forces which surround a person and with which they interact at any given time.
Major concepts
There force include the intrapersonal, interpersonal and extra personal stressors which can affect the persons normal line of defence and so can affect the stability of the system. The environment may be viewed as all factors that affect and are affected by the system.
Major concept Internal environment- The
internal environment exists within the client system. All forces and interaction influences that are solely within boundaries of the client system make up this environment.
External environment- The external environment exists outside the client system.
Major concept3). Health/wellness- Neuman’s see
health as being equated with wellness. She defines health/wellness as, the condition in which all parts and sub parts (varibles) are in harmony with the whole as the client. As the person is in a content interaction with the environment , the state of wellness is in dynamic equilibrium, rather than in any kind of steady state.
Major concept Nursing- Neuman seen nursing as a unique
profession that concerned with all of the variables which influence the response a person might have to a stressor. The person is seen as a whole and it is the task of nursing to address the whole person. Neuman’s defines nursing as an actions which assists individual, families and groups to maintain maximum level of wellness, the primary aim is stability of the patient /client system, through nursing interventions to reduce stressors.
Basic structure and energy resources
The basic structure, or central core is made up those basic survival factors common to the species, these factors include the system variables, genetic features, and strengths and weakness of the system parts.
Clients variables
Physiological variables
Psychological variables
Sociocultural variables
Development
variablesSpiritual
variables
Goals of the system theory To provide a holistic overview of
the physiological, psychological, sociological and development aspects of human being.
To teach an introductory nursing course to nursing students.
NEUMANS MODEL AND CHARECTERISTICS
Interrelated concept. Logically consistent. Logical sequence. Fairly simple and
straightforward in approach. Easily identifiable for nursing
education and practice. Applicable in the practice.
Central core The central core structure
consists of basic survival factors (normal temp range, genetic structure, response pattern, organ strength/wellness, ego structure ).
That are surrounded by- Several lines of resistance. The normal line of defense. The flexible line of defense.
1). Lines of resistance A protective mechanism that
attempts to stabilize the client system and foster a return to the usual wellness.
Lines of resistance certain know and unknown internal and external resource factors that support client’s basic structure.
2). Normal line of defense The client/ client system
normal or usual wellness level.
This line represents what the client has become evolved over time.
This normal defense line is the standard against determining any variance from wellness.
3). Flexible line of defense Forms the outer boundary of the
defined client system. Act as a protective buffer system
for the client’s normal line of defense or wellness state.
This normal defense line is the standard against determining any variance from wellness.
Prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Uses of neuman’s theory1. Practice- The humen systems model is being used
in diverse practice setting. Holistic approach in the care of the
patients. The model can be used to guide practice
with client in critical care, to provide, stable support group for parents with infants in neonatal intensive care units and to meet the needs of home caregiver in case of clients having cancer, HIV/AIDS.
Uses of neuman’s theory2. Education- The neuman’s system model is
effective in conceptual transition among all level of nursing education.
It can be a basis for continuing education after graduation facilitating professional growth.
It provide a nursing focus as opposed to medical focus.
It provide framework to study individual illness and reaction to stressors.
Education cont.. This model facilitate culture
consideration in the curriculum related to the population, the school and graduate.
This model is broad enough to allow educational programs to consider family as the context within individual live or as unit of care.
