neural crest cell / orthodontic courses by indian dental academy
TRANSCRIPT
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NEURAL CREST CELL & DEVELOPMENT OF SOFT
TISSUE OF FACE INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com
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Embryogenesis is divided into three
phases• Pre implantation period (first 7 days)
• Embryonic period (next 7 weeks)
• Fetal period (3 – 9 months)
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Neural crest cells
Neural plate
Notochord
Primitive streak
Ectodermal cells
Germ layers
Morula
zygote
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Embryology– first week
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Second week
Bilaminar embryonic disc
Epiblast / ectoderm2nd germ layerEmbryo resembles disc
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Second week
Heusers membranewww.indiandentalacademy.com
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Second week• FORMATION OF PROCHORDAL PLATE
Bilaminar discHypoblast cells- columnarIndicates the future site of mouthCranial region of embryo
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3rd week
Rapid developmentPrimitive streak formation3rd germ layer formationNotochordTrilaminar embryo
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3rd week
Prochordal plateHead regionHypoblast
Primitive streak Tail regionEpiblast
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Formation of notochord
• Primitive streak• Primitive knot• Canalization of cord cells
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Primitive streak and node
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Migration of cells b/w hypoblast and epiblast
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3rd week – Notochord
Notochord is the structure around which the vertebral column forms
Developing notochord induces the overlying ectoderm to form neural plate
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Neurulation
• End of 3 week• Formation of neural tube and neural plate
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Formation of neural tube
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Neurulation
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Neurulation
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Neural crest cells• Ectomesenchymal in nature
• Major source of connective tissue components, including cartilage, bone and ligaments of facial and oral region
• Contribute to muscles and arteries of this region
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• Ectomesenchymal tissue termed neural crest cells appears in the intermediate zone between the surface ectoderm and the neural tube during neurulation.
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Migraton is so excessive & their role is so imp Considered as fourth primary germ layerwww.indiandentalacademy.com
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Source and pattern of migration to the developing
face and branchial arch system
As they migrate from rhombomeres ,carry with them homeobox geneFrom the site.
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Characteristics of neural crest cells.
Pluripotent cells Migration Cyto-differentiation
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Neural crest cells
Derivatives
Connective tissue Muscles Nervous tissues
Sensory ganglia
ANS
Pigment cells Endocrine tissues
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Derivatives of neural crest cells.
Connective tissue-
- Ectomesenchyme of facial prominences and branchial arches
- Bones and cartilages of facial visceral skeleton
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annotated_embryo.mov
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-Dermis of face and neck -Stroma of salivary ,thymus thyroid,parathyroid and
pituitary gland -Corneal mesenchyme -Aortic arch arteries
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-Dental papilla
-Portions of periodontal ligament ,Cementum
Muscle tissue-
-Ciliary muscles
-Covering connective tissue of branchial arch
muscles
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Nervous tissue- -Leptomeninges. -Schwann sheath cells
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Endocrine tissues
• Adrenomedullary cells
• carotid body
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Pigment cells
• Melanocytes in all tissues
• Melanophores of iris
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Neural crest cells
Derivatives
Connective tissue Muscles Nervous tissues
Sensory ganglia
ANS
Pigment cells Endocrine tissues
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Sensory ganglia- -Autonomic ganglia. -Spinal dorsal root ganglia. -Sensory ganglia.
ANS- -Sympathetic ganglia. -Parasympathetic ganglia.
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Factors affecting migration
• Extra cellular molecules: like fibronectin
• Vitamin A,isotretinoin
• 13 cis-retinoic acid
• Mutant geneswww.indiandentalacademy.com
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Factors effecting the normal growth of neural
crest derivatives
• Number of cells leaving the neural tube
• Rate of migration• Proportion of dividing• Minimal period between successive divisions
• Number of cells that diewww.indiandentalacademy.com
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Characteristics of neural crest cells
• Regulation
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Significance of neural crest cells
• In craniofacial region
Differentiate to form most of the connective tissue of head - ectomesenchyme
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Significance in development of dentition
• Neural crest is primary material for odontogenesis.
• Interaction between neural crest, pharyngeal endoderm and oral ectoderm produces the dental lamina.
• Neural crest provides material for dentin, pulp and cementum.
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Altered Neural Crest Development
• Mandibulofacial Dysostosis
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• Hemifacial Microsomia
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•Fetal alcohol syndrome
• Due to deficiences of midline tissues of the neural plate ,caused by very high level of ethanol.
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Branchial arches or pharyngeal arches
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Each pair of branchial arches contain a basic set of structure
• Cartilage component• Muscular component• Vascular component• Nervous component
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Branchial arches• Develops due to neural crest migration in the 4th week
• Mesenchyme of each branchial arch gives rise to muscles, cartilages and bone
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First branchial arch(mandibular arch)
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1st branchial arch
MANDIBULAR ARCH
Muscles
Skeletal structures
Ligaments Cartilage
Nerve
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COMPONENTS OF 1st ARCH
• Cartilage : MECKEL’S CARTILAGE --Arises 41st – 45th Day I.U --It provides a template for subsequent development of the mandible.
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Structures formed by cartilaginous component
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Nerve supply
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2nd branchial arch
HYOID ARCH
Muscles
Skeletal structures
Ligaments Cartilage
Nerve
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Second branchial arch (Hyoid Arch) Components:
• Cartilage : Reichert’s Cartilage (45th – 48th I.U) -- Stapes -- Styloid process of the temporal bone. _ _Stylohyoid ligament. -- Lessor horn of sphenoid. -- Cranial part - Body of Hyoid.
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• Muscles :
-- Stapedius -- Stylohyoid -- Post. Belly of Digastric -- auricular -- muscles of facial expression
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• Nerve : -- Facial / VII Cranial nerve.
-- Chorda tympani nerve (Ant 2/3rd of Tongue) Artery : -- Stapedial artery -- Transient i.e. disappears during fetal life
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Nerve supply
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3rd branchial arch
3rd Arch
9th CN Stylopharyngeous
Greater cornu of hyoidLower part of body of hyoid
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4th & 6th branchial arch
4TH & 6TH Arch
Sup. Laryngeal NRec. Laryngeal N
ThyroidCricoidArytenoidCorniculateCunieform
cricothyroidconstrictors of pharynxLaryngeal muscles
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Ectodermal clefts
Epi. Lining of ext. acoustic meatusAuricle
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Ectodermal clefts
Branchial cyst Branchial sinus
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Endodermal pouches
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Branchial arch malformations• Branchial cyst
• Branchial sinus
• Branchial fistula
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Development of Tongue
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Tongue
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Tongue
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Tongue Papillae and taste buds
• End of 8th week – vallate & foliate( 9th CN)????
Relation to terminal branches OF 9th CN
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Tongue• Fungiform papillae – develop near termination of chorda
tympani Filiform
• Appear in early fetal life• No taste buds• Sensitive to touch
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Tongue
Nerve supply
Lingual N Chorda tympani
Glossopharyngeal N
Vagus N
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Tongue Important points
• 2nd branchial arch does not contribute to tongue formation Chorda tympani supplies fungiform papillae????
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Tongue
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Tongue
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Tongue
Lymphatic drainagewww.indiandentalacademy.com
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Tongue
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Clinical correlation
• Tongue tie• Macroglossia• Microglossia• Bifid tongue• Fissured tongue• Rhomboid tongue
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Malformations of tongue
Ankyloglossia
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Malformations of tongue
Fissured tongue
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Malformations of tongue
Bifid tongue
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Malformations of tongue
Median rhomboid glossitis
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Malformations of tongue
Macroglossia
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Malformations of tongue
Hypertrophy of papillae
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Development of the face
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• Face is derived from the following structures that lie around the stomatodaeum:
• Frontonasal process• First pharyngeal arch
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Facial prominences
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Upper lip maxillary process with medial & lateral nasal process
Frontonasal process becomes narrow
Lower lip and jaw Mand. Prominences
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Nose medial & lateral nasal process (rt & lt)
Eye lens placode
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• Dev. Of the face starts at the end of 4 week
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Facial Malformations
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Facial Malformations
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Facial Malformations
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Facial Malformations
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References
• The Developing Human - Keith L Moore• Craniofacial Embryology - G.H.Sperber
• Human Embryology - I.B.Singh• Color Atlas of Oral Path - Robinson, Miller
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Thank you
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