neuroanatomy - human brain
TRANSCRIPT
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The Brainstem
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The Brainstem: Midbrain
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The Brainstem: Pons
sleep and respiratory centers.
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The Brainstem: Medulla oblongata
Contains centers for:
1.Regulating heart rate
2.Blood vessel diameter
3.Coughing, sneezing
4.Breathing
1. Swallowing
2. Vomiting
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CerebellumCerebellum
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Functions – of the CerebellumFunctions – of the Cerebellum
The maintenance of:
1. Posture and balance
2. Muscle tone
3. Coordination of voluntary motor activity
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Cerebellar nucleiCerebellar nuclei
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Is characterized by
1.Hypotonia
2.Disequilibrium
Cerebellar DysfunctionCerebellar Dysfunction
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Cerebellar DysfunctionCerebellar Dysfunction
Hypotonia Hypotonia
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Cerebellar ataxia
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They assist in the regulation of the voluntary movement and learning of motor skills
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They are masses of grey matter deeply placed within the cerebrumThey include:1.Caudate nucleus2.Globus pallidus Lentiform Corpus3.Putamen Nucleus Striatum 4.Amygdaloid nucleus5.Claustrum
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LIMBIC SYSTEMLIMBIC SYSTEM
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FunctionsFunctions ““Emotional brainEmotional brain
Associated with memoryAssociated with memory
Associated with pain/pleasure, rageAssociated with pain/pleasure, rage
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DiencephalonDiencephalon
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DiencephalonDiencephalon Lies on top of the brain stem Made of the following parts
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus Metathalamus
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DiencephalonDiencephalon
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ThalamusThalamus
The relay station for sensory impulses, except the olfactory nerve
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Hypothalamus
Major control center of autonomic nervous system and endocrine system.
Centers associated with:
* Food/H2O intake* Thermoregulation* Cardiovascular regulation* Hormone secretion* Sleep/waking* Emotional behavior
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EpithalamusEpithalamus
Forms the roof of the third ventricle
Houses the pineal body which secretes melatonin hormone (biological clock)
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Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes.
Cerebrum Cerebrum
Cerebellum
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
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Longitudinal Fissure
Transverse Fissure
Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
Central Sulcus
http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg http://www.dalbsoutss.eq.edu.au/Sheepbrains_Me/human_brain.gif
Specific Sulci/Fissures:
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Lobes of the Brain (4)
• Frontal• Parietal• Occipital• Temporal
* Note: Occasionally, the Insula is considered the fifth lobe. It is located deep to the Temporal Lobe.
http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
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Frontal Lobe - Cortical Regions• Primary Motor Cortex (Precentral Gyrus)
• Broca’s Area – is the motor speech area. Located on Left Frontal Lobe.
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Broca’s Area
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Regions
Investigation (Phineas Gage)
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Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe
It plays a major role in integration of sensation(s)
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
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Parietal Lobe - Cortical Regions
• Primary Sensory Cortex (Postcentral Gyrus).
• Primary Gustatory Cortex
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Primary Gustatory Cortex
Regions
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
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Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe
• Its primary function is interpretation of VISION
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
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Occipital Lobe – Cortical Regions
• Primary Visual Cortex
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Primary Visual Cortex
RegionsModified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
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Lobes of the Brain – Temporal Lobe
• They play an integral role in the following functions:
- Hearing
- Memory
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
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Temporal Lobe – Cortical Regions
• Wernicke’s Area – sensory speech area. Located on the Left Temporal Lobe.
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Wernike’s Area
RegionsModified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
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Click the Region to see its Name
Korbinian Broadmann - Learn about the man who divided the Cerebral Cortex into 52 distinct regions: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Brodmann
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
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Lobes and Structures of the Brain
B. A.
C.
D. E.
F.
G.
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
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A: Primary Motor Cortex
* This graphic representation of the regions of the Primary Motor Cortex and Primary Sensory Cortex is one example of a HOMUNCULUS:
Homunculus