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• Review of Anatomical Terms • Comparative Neuroanatomy • Online Sheep Brain Resources • Week 1 Structures

• Week 1 Lab Practical

LAB 1 - SHEEP NEUROANATOMY

REVIEW ANATOMICAL TERMS

¢ Dorsal - toward top or back ¢ Ventral - toward bottom or stomach ¢ Anterior - toward front / Posterior - toward rear

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ORIENTING AROUND THE BRAIN: DIRECTIONAL TERMS

= up

= down

= towards the nose

= towards the back

REVIEW ANATOMICAL TERMS

¢ Lateral - toward the side - away from midline

¢ Medial - toward the middle - away from the side

¢  Ipsilateral - same side / Contralateral - opposite side

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REVIEW ANATOMICAL TERMS

¢ Nerve - set of neurons ¢ Ganglion - a cluster of neuron cell bodies in PNS ¢ Nucleus - a cluster of neuron cell bodies in CNS ¢ Gyrus - protuberance on surface of the brain ¢ Sulcus - fold or groove separating gyri

�  Fissure = major Sulcus

BASIC NEUROANATOMY TERMS

•  More Terminology – sectioning the brain – Coronal,

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BASIC NEUROANATOMY TERMS

¢ Coronal, Parasaggital, Saggital,

BASIC NEUROANATOMY TERMS

¢ Coronal, Parasaggital, Saggital, Horizontal

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• Review of Anatomical Terms • Comparative Neuroanatomy • Online Sheep Brain Resources • Week 1 Structures

• Week 1 Lab Practical

LAB 1 - SHEEP NEUROANATOMY

THE CNS ACROSS SPECIES

¢ All vertebrate CNS share common regions: �  Hindbrain, Midbrain, & Forebrain

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GENERAL CNS REGIONS

¢ Hindbrain: Brain stem & cerebellum – basic life sustaining tasks (consciousness, heart beat, breathing, vomiting, etc.)

¢ Midbrain: Hypothalamus, Thalamus – motivational state, sensory filtering

¢ Forebrain: �  Limbic system – emotional states (anger, joy,

sadness, pain, fear, happiness, etc.) �  Cerebral Hemispheres & Cortex – complex thought

processes (personality, sensory & motor, language, memory, learning, etc.)

THE CNS ACROSS SPECIES ¢ What are the

main differences between the major regions of the rat and human central nervous system?

RAT: Forebrain: 44

Midbrain: 4 Hindbrain: 17

Spinal Cord: 35

HUMAN: Forebrain: 85

Midbrain: 1 Hindbrain: 16 Spinal Cord: 2

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COMPARATIVE NEUROANATOMY

¢ The forebrain increases in size across species ¢ What changes in the forebrain across species?

CEREBRAL CORTEX: THE HUMAN ADVANTAGE IN PARTICULAR, THE FRONTAL LOBES GREATER PROPORTION

¢ Limited by the skull – folding allows more area

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• Review of Anatomical Terms • Comparative Neuroanatomy • Online Sheep Brain Resources • Week 1 Structures

• Week 1 Lab Practical

LAB 1 - SHEEP NEUROANATOMY

ONLINE RESOURCES

¢ Each week’s structures are available on the laboratory web site.

¢ Sheep brain dissection guide �  Very useful, can turn the labels on and off �  Plane of Section slides show coronal cuts �  Have to navigate slide by slide but can click

on any structure to see other slides with that structure

¢ Sheep brain atlas �  More slides, more detailed labels, and you can

move between thumbnail images more easily

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WEEK 1 STRUCTURES

¢ How to successfully identify structures: �  Do NOT try to memorize the locations! �  There are too many and you will become

confused and make mistakes ¢ Learn each structure using landmarks.

That way you only have to memorize & recognize a few landmarks in order to identify all the structures. This will reduce mistakes!

¢ For each structure you should be able to say “why” you know where it is located.

¢ Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse . . . Use the TAs!!!