neuromuscular taping - universitas negeri surabaya...advantage of this taping technique is that,...
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NeuroMuscular Taping
Sport rehabilitation and performance
By David Blow
www.nmtinstitute.org
It’s a biomechanical therapy using
decompressive and compressive stimuli to obtain
positive effects in the musculoskeletal, vascular,
lymphatic and neurological systems.
As the tapes form wrinkles and lift the skin, they
facilitate venous and lymphatic drainage,
improve blood circulation, and relieve pain.
They also correct the alignment of joints, support
muscles during movement, and improve stability
and posture.
What is the NeuroMuscular Tapingconcept?
“Most treatment protocols uses a decompression
method to reduce pain and to facilitate
recovery” - explains David Blow – “the correct
use of the tape is to create dilation that will
improve blood flow and lymphatic drainage. This
is the key in a progressive rehabilitation
approach”
Features NeuroMuscular Taping
Contrary to what happens in other techniques,
the tape is applied in a way that it creates
waves and undulation which is constantly
activated through movement. The '"wave" does
not mean it was applied incorrectly but instead
correctly ensuring that there is improved blood
circulation and oxygenation of the area and by
activating a complete and continuous drainage
of the treated area treated. This is the underlying
principal of action that was created by David
Blow in 2003.
Features NeuroMuscular Taping
4 phase treatment and training rehabilitation
Acute phase: pain and swelling
Post-Acute phase: pain, swelling residual
ematoma
Functional phase: difficulty in stability control,
pain during low level activity, rigidity o
hypermobility
Active-Functional phase: instability and reduced
coordination during training
NeuroMuscular Taping Sport Treatment Concept
Rehabilitation techniques to improve recovery
following 3 distinct treatment phases:
Acute Phase
Objective: Requiring rest, cold, compression,
elevation
Time: dipending on the level of trauma. 1 hour to
7 days
NeuroMuscular Taping Sport Trauma Treatment Concept
Post Acute Phase
Objective: requiring drainage of metabolic wastes,
drainage of blood ematoma, increasing blood
circulation and oxygenation, improving the bodies
healing capacity and inflammatory response
processes, improving muscle, tendon, ligaments
regeneration processes, reduce muscle retraction
improving and maintaining muscle tone and
elasticity.
Time: immediately following complete elimination of
internal bleeding
NeuroMuscular Taping Sport Trauma Treatment Concept
Functional Phase
Objective: requiring proprioceptive stimulus to
regain normal muscle, tendon and joint
functioning, improve and normalise
muscle/tendon elasticity and tone
Time: starting once all signs of edema, ematoma
and inflammation and acute phase of pain have
have been resolved.
NeuroMuscular Taping Sport Trauma Treatment Concept
Rehabilitation techniques to improve recovery after surgery following 3
distinct treatment phases:
Acute Phase
Objective: Requiring rest. Lymphatic drainage proximal to the
surgery site. Lymphatic drainage posterior to the surgery site. Reduce
pain.
Time: dipending on the type of surgery and the quality of trauma
during surgery. General rule:
if surgery has been performed with local anesthetic then apply NMT
1 hour to 1 day after surgery
if surgery has been performed with general anesthetic then apply
NMT the day after surgery.
NeuroMuscular Taping Surgery RehabilitationTreatment Concept
Post Acute Phase
Objective: Requiring local drainage of metabolic wastes, drainage
of local blood ematoma, drainage of distal blood ematoma,
increasing blood circulation and oxygenation to the surgery site,
increasing blood circulation and oxygenation to the scar tissue,
improving the bodies healing and repairing capacity and post
surgery inflammatory response processes, reduce muscle retraction
improving and maintaining muscle tone and elasticity. Treat and
improve scar elasticity.
Time: starting from 6 days post surgery onwards
NeuroMuscular Taping Surgery RehabilitationTreatment Concept
Functional Phase
Objective: requiring proprioceptive stimulus to regain normal muscle,
tendon and joint functioning, increasing joint coordination and
stability, increase muscle elasticity to regain normal
joint/muscle/tendon/connective functioning. Ongoing treatment of
scar tissue.
Time: starting once all signs of edema, ematoma and inflammation
and acute phase of pain have been resolved.
NeuroMuscular Taping Surgery RehabilitationTreatment Concept
NeuroMuscular Taping Sport Concept
NeuroMuscular Taping Professional course structure Key
Intro Introduction course for professionals in the designated area
Avanced Sp. Advanced specializzation course requiring pre Introdution course
requirement
Theme Sp. Single thematic specializzation course non requiring introductory course
requirement
NeuroMuscular Taping Sport Concept
NeuroMuscular Taping Sport Concept
NeuroMuscular Taping Professional course structure Key
NMT Avanced Sp. NMTC-I NeuroMuscular Taping certified teacher
Instructor/Teacher Avanced Sp. NMTC-I Advanced NeuroMuscular Taping certified
teacher with advanced specializzed training
NeuroMuscular Taping
NeuroMuscular Taping together with slow rhythmic movements
forming constant tape wrinkles has a sedative and relaxing effect
determining:
The relaxation of connective tissue
A continuous anti-edema and increased lymphatic drainage effect
The improvement of arterial blood supply and oxygenation to the
area to be treated
The improvement of blood supply and venous drainage from the
area treated
Eccentric stimulation over contrated muscle fibre, relaxing and
normalising muscle functioning
NeuroMuscular Taping Treatment Concept
Decompression effect over joints reducing pain, increasing blood
circulation and drainage and normalising joint functioning
Decompression effect over nerve fibre reducing pain, increasing
blood circulation and normalising movement
A regenerative effect, evident in both young and elderly people in
orthopedics, with rapid formation of callus in the case of fracture
regeneration
A regenerative effect of the skin and connective tissue for a rapid
consolidation of the healing phase
NeuroMuscular Taping Treatment Concept
Improves body healing by accelerating blood circulation and
lymphatic flow, helping the removal of irritants that hinder wound
healing
Promotes lymphatic drainage and circulation and the reduction of
acute and chronic edema congestion
Promotes the opening of lymphatic venous anastomosis
Boosts the bodies immune system and improves resistance to
infections
Normalization of lymphatic drainage is accomplished through the
general renewal of intercellular fluid or interstitial. Alexis Carrel -
Nobel Prize in 1964 - showed that the continuous supply lympha is
essential so as the cells can regenerate body ensuring a healthy life.
NeuroMuscular Taping Treatment Concept
NeuroMuscular Taping as a
Treatment for improving blood circulation
NeuroMuscular Taping as a
Treatment for improving blood circulation
NeuroMuscular Taping as a
Treatment for improving blood circulation
Results after 18 Hours
NeuroMuscular Taping
Taping on Hip Post-Surgical Hematoma
Applications
www.nmtinstitute.org
NeuroMuscular Taping
Case Study
First Observation: 1.18.2011 / Femur Fracture
NeuroMuscular Taping
Case Study
1st Application: 1.27.2011
Incorrect correct
NeuroMuscular Taping
Case Study
1st Application: 1.27.2011
NeuroMuscular Taping
Case Study
Incorrect correct
Observation: 1.29.2011
NeuroMuscular Taping
2nd Application:
Incorrect correct
Observation: 1.29.2011
Incorrect Correct
NeuroMuscular Taping
Case Study
Incorrect correct
3rd Application: 2.01.2011
Incorrect Correct
NeuroMuscular Taping
Case Study
3rd Application: 2.01.2011
NeuroMuscular Taping
Case Study Final Observation:
7 Days Resolution 2.03.2011
NeuroMuscular Taping
Case Study
7 Days of Taping
1.27.2011 2.03.2011
NeuroMuscular Taping
(Please refer to NeuroMuscular Taping: from Theory
to Practice as indicated.)
Corrective Techniques
www.nmtinstitute.org
NeuroMuscular Taping: from Theory to Practice
NeuroMuscular Taping: treatment of Lymphatic conditions,
brusing and scars. LinfoTaping
Neuromuscular Taping: rehabilitation compendium of the
upper extremity and body
Voice T: Neuromuscular Taping rehabilitation in speech
therapy and facial paralysis
Neuromuscular Taping: rehabilitation compendium of the
Lower extremity and back
Neuromuscular Taping: rehabilitation compendium in Sports
Medicine
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
Textbooks available - Please refer
Application of an elastic tape
Hypoallergenic adhesive base
Does not leave glue residue
Expect fast and continuous results
Suitable for all skin types and conditions
Contains no drugs or ingredients
Features NeuroMuscular Taping
Raises the skin
Facilitates lymphatic drainage
Improves blood circulation and venous return
Reduces pain
Maintains a continuous relaxation effect on
muscle fibre
The tape form wrinkles which
Taping – A form of strapping with an application
of an elastic tape on the body surface applied
with pressure to keep the muscle or joint in a
certain position.
Strap Taping – Application of a non-elastic or an
elastic tape for purposes of limiting movement in
a joint, muscle, vascular or lymphatic area.
Compression Bandage – Application of a
specific material to support a dressing over a
damaged area or wound to limit movement.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Types of Bandaging
Dressing – Application of a dressing over a
wound to promote healing and prevent
additional harm to the treated area.
Wraps and Braces – Applications used to help
stabilize an affected area.
Sticking Patch or Band-Aid – Application of a
non-elastic tape to cover a wound and/or
facilitate the assimilation of a medication
(medicated Pain Patch)
NeuroMuscular Taping
Types of Bandaging
Specific application of an elastic tape on the
skin surface following the longitudinal anatomy
of the body
Treatment technique that takes advantage of
the eccentric stimuli that produces a
decompressive action on the treated area
Used for the treatment of any disorder requiring
rehabilitation
NeuroMuscular Taping
4° century BC, 2400 years of compressive taping
techniques
Greek and Etruscan vase found in Vulci, Italy.
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
Using an elastic tape applied to the skin to
produce an eccentric biomechanical action
This eccentric action created by the tape and is
activated by normal body movement that
produces a dilation effect on the circulatory and
lymphatic systems
NeuroMuscular Taping
The NeuroMuscular Taping treatment system through compression and
decompression was created in 2003 by David Blow
NeuroMuscular Taping Offices in Rome, New York, Dubai and Jakarta
Vocational training activities in the medical, rehabilitation and health
services
Development of treatment protocols to improve rehabilitation
outcomes and improve quality of life of patients
Development of university and hospital research projects in the world
International training projects in clinical treatment - NMT Volunteer
Training International.
NeuroMuscular Taping
The future is in the following rehabilitation areas:
Surgery
Oncology
Neurology
Pediatric
Geriatric
Trauma
Degenerative neurological diseases
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
The future is in the following Sport rehabilitation
areas:
Sport Trauma
Sport Performance
The future is in the following Medical rehabilitation
areas:
Vascular
lymphatic
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
Muscle pain
Muscle inflammation
Muscle rigidity
Muscle fatigue
All involving compression and limited blood circulation and
lymphatic drainage
Decompression of the skin, lymphatic and blood circulatory
system, neurological system, muscle, tendon fiber and joints
To improve blood circulation and lymphatic drainage
To nourish and drain
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
DECOMPRESSIVE
Eccentric stimulation
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
COMPRESSIVE
Concentric stimulation
Muscle Pain
Muscle Inflammation
Muscle Rigidity
Muscle Fatigue
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
Compression and Limited Blood Circulation
AND
Lymphatic Drainage
Basic Concept:
Decompression of the skin, lymphatic and blood
circulatory system, neurological system, muscle,
tendon fiber and joints
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
To improve blood circulation and lymphatic
drainage
Skin - elastic Features
Lines longitudinal anatomical
Muscle
Tendon
Vascular and lymphatic systems
Lines of greater longitudinal elasticity - (Blow 2012)
Range of skin elasticity (Elastic Range of Action) -
(Blow 2012)
Lines of Skin elasticity
Elevating
Effect on
the Skin
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
Lines of Skin elasticity
Lines of Skin elasticity
Possibility of giving an external assistance to
muscles through the application of an
elastic adhesive tape on the skin surface
A technique that aids the natural healing
process of the body
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
Is a treatment system for muscular, skeletrical, vascular,
lymphatic, surgical and wound management conditions
Gives eccentric stimulation
Has a dilation effect
Advantage of this taping technique is that, unlike the others,
does not compress the skin, or connective tissue, and
therefore does not restrict movement of the body or blood
and lymphatic flow.
NeuroMuscular Taping is a simple, effective and safe non
pharmacological method of treatment
NeuroMuscular Taping aids the patient to achieve
therapeutic benefits 24 hours a day
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
The technique is based on two (2) aspects:
Development of a tape with certain qualities
Application method:
-Decompressive and dilation
-Compressive and constriction
NeuroMuscular Taping Institute
Decompressive
Eccentric
Dilating
NeuroMuscular Taping Rehabilitation
system is
Taping technique
NeuroMuscular Taping technique can be
applied to various objectives such as:
_ Skin Decompression
Scar tissue ossigenation
Wound and ulcer care
Nervous System
Decompression
Muscular Decompression
Joint Decompression
Lymphatic Decompression
Blood Circulatory
Decompression
Tendon and Ligament
Decompression
Central nervous system
fatigue
Stability and Compression
of muscle fiber
Stability and Compression
of joints
Stability and Compression
of tendons and ligaments
NeuroMuscular Taping
NeuroMuscular Taping implicates the application of a
tape over and around muscle fiber to prevent excessive
contraction or extension.
This technique guarantees support and free range of
movement.
Reduces muscle fatigue, improves lymphatic drainage
and blood circulation 24 hours a day.
NeuroMuscular Taping can be used in an acute or
rehabilitative stage and may be integrated with other
forms of manual/instrumental therapies.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Normalizing compression/decompression of muscle
fiber and other parts of the body is the basis of
maintaining biological physiological homeostasis.
NeuroMuscular Taping creates a new approach in the
treatment of neurological, orthopedic and structural
conditions.
NeuroMuscular Taping is simple, safe and effective. The
tape and its method of application allow the body to
receive therapeutic stimulus 24 hours a day and help
normal recovery from their condition.
NeuroMuscular TapingWhy should athletes utilize NMT in rehabilitation
• Reduces pain and use
of (excessive) pain
medication
• Reduces hematoma
and edema
Reduces scar adhesion
Improves wound healing
• Reduces risk of
complications due to
excessive immobility
• Improves
inflammation/Healing
capacity
• Allows to see athletes
sooner starting the rehab
process
• Shortens the waiting
period so athletes can
start rehabilitation much
sooner
• Get back to training
earlier and healthier
NeuroMuscular TapingWhy should athletes utilize NMT in rehabilitation
• Normalizes physiological range of
movement
• Improves mobility and autonomy
• Provides 24 hours of beneficial
therapy
• Improves athletes compliance in
ongoing therapy
• Get to training objectives on time
• Shortens
athletes
recovery time
• Allows
therapists to
see more
patients
NeuroMuscular Taping
Typical applications Treatment of upper and lower limb muscle fatigue
conditions
Treatment of hypertrophic scars and adhesions
Treatment of continous low grade inflammation
Post surgery rehabilitation and other medical and
instrumental interventions
Treatment of all acute, post acute and chronic
conditions
Prevent degenerative joint over use conditions
Maintain max. oxygenation to muscle and nerve fibre
NeuroMuscular Taping
Contraindications Internal bleeding. The NMT Institute advises that taping
should not be done over the area where there is internal
bleeding as the decompression method could increase
blood flow to area increasing the bleeding and reducing
the bodies capacity to heal.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Contraindications Infections. In a similar way the efficient movement of fluids
throughout the body which NMTaping facilitates can
encourage the spread of acute phase of infection to
other parts of the body. Since this would be undesirable
and dangerous, it’s best to avoid taping whenever
infection is present.
Infection must be treated with necessary medical
treatments before the treatment with NMT.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Contraindications Cancer and metastasis. The NMT INSTITUTE experts that
taping when cancer is present may cause cancer cells to
spread to other parts of the body (called metastasis),
which is very dangerous. For this reason, the NMT Institute
gives the following unequivocal warning: “Without
exception, tape should never be used with
malignancies.”
NeuroMuscular Taping
Contraindications Thrombosis and phlebitis. DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis). DVT
is a condition in which blood clots form in one or more of
the deep veins of the body (often in the leg veins). Using
NMT Tape in cases of deep vein thrombosis can cause
blood clots to break free and travel to one of the vital
organs (heart, lungs, or brain), which could be fatal. If
you know you suffer from DVT, never apply NMT Tape to
the affected body parts. “Taping for a clot is very
dangerous and should never be done.”Kidney problems,
such as Renal Insufficiency.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Contraindications Thrombosis and phlebitis. DVT (Deep Vein
Thrombosis). NMTaping improves blood circulation and
promotes lymphatic drainage, using it in conditions where the
kidneys are unable to properly process body fluids can cause
serious problems. we advise “Taping any part of the body
during a state of renal insufficiency creates a risk for kidney
failure.”Congestive Heart Failure. The principle is the same here
as that for renal insufficiency. Because heart failure creates an
already excessive buildup of blood in the heart muscle,
NMTaping advises that, “Moving fluid back to a failing heart
can overwork it.” This would, of course, mean that Tape should
not be used on any part of the body when such a condition
exists.
NeuroMuscular Taping
ContraindicationsMelanoma and skin alterations and warts. Any skin
alteration o skin cancer cannot be covered with tape.
ANY CONTINUOUS IRRITATION OF THE SKIN is not advised.
Skin abrasions
Highly sensitive skin - Carefully remove the tape in case of
severe diabetes
Caution: Pregnancy (prohibited abdominal and spinal
applications)
Caution: venous insufficiency and ulcerative colitis
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
Elastics only in its length – 40% over its original length
Similar to skin elasticity
10 cm of “tape” will extend to an maximum of 14 cm
Cotton-based tape with fine elastic fiber only in length
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
Allows normal skin transpiration
Adhesive from a few days to one (1) week and does not
leave any glue residue
Water resistant
Constant lymphatic drainage for 24 hours a day
Biomechanical action
Does not contain chemical or pharmacological
ingredients
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
Similar thickness and weight of skin
100% hypo-allergic acrylic glue: heat sensitive
Pre-tensioned on the backing paper 10%
Not medicated and no latex
Glue applied in wave form, helping normal body
movement
Long lasting for 3-4 days depending on condition
and type of application
Water resistant (Patients can shower)
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
Sensitive to temperature
Visually noticeable
Publicity
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of TapeDuration of Each Application
Average 3-4 days
Depending on the technique used and cut of
application
Depending on body sweating and activity
Depending on showering and swimming activities
Frequently applied in acute phase of treatment
Applied over a longer period of time in functional phase
of treatment
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
Tape covering curved
body surface
• Must be cut into
different forms to
cover desired area
• Thinner strips can
easily adapt to a
curved body surface
• Can thereby treat
curved joint areas
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
How to take
the tape off the
backing paper
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
How much tension?
For normalizzation of
lymphatic and
vascular
functioning?
40 %
25 %10% 50 % 75
%100
%
100 %
0
%
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
0%
10%
25%
50%
75% - never used
100% - never used
No Tension
Paper Tension
Light
Moderate
Severe
Maximum
Tension Levels
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
0% Stretch
50% Stretch
25 – 50 -75%
0% Stretch
0 – 25% Stretch
Lymphatic Application
Joint Application
Tendon Application
(stretch)
Decompression
Application
Functional Application
Basic Concepts of Application Techniques
NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
I CUT X CUT Y CUT FAN CUTThe Tape is
Cut in Various
Ways
NeuroMuscular Taping
How to cutTape may be cut into the following widths:
5cm
2,5cm
1,25cm
1.0cm
0,8cm
0,6cm
0.5 cm
0.4 cm
NeuroMuscular Taping
IMPORTANT ConsiderationsThe tape is always measured on the body and
cut to size
Always leave a few extra cm
Round the corners
Do not touch the glue
Always put the body or skin in a stretched
position
NeuroMuscular Taping
IMPORTANT Considerations
After application, heat the tape by
rubbing your hand over to improve
adhesion of the tape.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Duration of each application 1 hour to 10 days
1-2-3-4 days on average
depends on the technique used and the type of
application used
depends on body sweating and sport/work activity
depends on the number of showers and swimming
activities
in the acute phase, the tape is changed frequently
in the functional phase the tape is applied and left for
longer periods of time
NeuroMuscular Taping
Duration of each applicationTreatment cycle
According to the area to be treated
According to the acute or post acute phase of the
patients condition
An average cycle is 8 treatments bi weekly
NeuroMuscular Taping
IMPORTANT Considerations Remove and shave body hair
Do not apply oil or skin lotions prior to applying tape
Do not use talc or powder on the skin prior to applying tape
Do not use perfume or fragrances in the treatment area
Remove any skin lotions using soap and water
Do not use alcohol to clean the skin
Use a test patch for sensitive skin
Change color if the patient reports skin irritation
Use high quality products to reduce skin irritation
NeuroMuscular Taping
How to Remove
Remove gently
Pull the skin in the opposite direction
while removing the tape
Remove the tape under the shower the
morning before returning for treatment
NeuroMuscular Taping
ActivationNeuroMuscular Taping together with slow rhythmic
movements forming constant tape wrinkles has a sedative
and relaxing effect determining:
The relaxation of connective tissue
A continuous anti-edema and increased lymphatic
drainage effect
The improvement of arterial blood supply and oxygenation
to the area to be treated
The improvement of blood supply and venous drainage
from the area treated
Eccentric stimulation over contrated muscle fibre, relaxing
and normalising muscle functioning
NeuroMuscular Taping
Activation Decompression effect over joints reducing pain, increasing
blood circulation and drainage and normalising joint
functioning
Decompression effect over nerve fibre reducing pain,
increasing blood circulation and normalising movement
A regenerative effect, evident in both young and elderly
people in orthopedics, with rapid formation of callus in the
case of fracture regeneration
A regenerative effect of the skin and connective tissue for
a rapid consolidation of the healing phase
NeuroMuscular Taping
Activation Improves body healing by accelerating blood circulation
and lymphatic flow, helping the removal of irritants that
hinder wound healing
Promotes lymphatic drainage and circulation and the
reduction of acute and chronic edema congestion
Promotes the opening of lymphatic venous anastomosis
Boosts the bodies immune system and improves resistance
to infections
Normalization of lymphatic drainage is accomplished
through the general renewal of intercellular fluid or
interstitial. Alexis Carrel - Nobel Prize in 1964 - showed that
the continuous supply lympha is essential so as the cells
can regenerate body ensuring a healthy life.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Important
Important - PFAVA
Position
Fix
Adhere
Verify
Activate
NeuroMuscular Taping
Treatment Applications
To enhance your learning skills in the following
aspects, it is highly advised that you carefully
annotate each application.
All applications will be applied with 0% tension.
Compression techniques will be indicated.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Treatment Applications Reference page from NMT or NMT Lymphatic book
Indicate length
Indicate width
The length and width of the tape is always calculated
on the size of the client
Indicate shape of tape
Indicate the clinical applications
Indicate the frequency and duration of treatments
guidelines
NeuroMuscular Taping
Lymphatic Drainage Applications
NeuroMuscular Taping
Lymphatic applications The tape causes the formation of cutaneous
folds and waves that raises the skin during the
movement, these waves or wrinkles will reduce
underlying pressure below
The tape reduces pressure in the congested
area, and also due to its constant presence,
together with body movement modifies
lymphatic pressure facilitaing drainage. Hence
NMT favors the restoration of normal lymphatic
functions.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Effects of Lymphatic applications removes congestion
improves blood circulation
improves lymphatic drainage
reduces the excessive congestion of catabolites
improves surface circulation and deep
reduces inflammation
reduces pain
NeuroMuscular Taping
Lymphatic Drainage Effects
Raise the skin, creating wrinkled wave
formations and reducing underlying pressure.
Reduce pressure over the congested area
and the presence of the tape, constantly
modifying pressure over the lymphatic
pathway.
Consequently help normal lymphatic
functioning.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Lymphatic Drainage Effects
The tape is applied:
• No tension on the tape over the extended
skin
• No tension on the tape over the skin
stretched in the opposite direction
Use only fan technique cut in:
• 4 strips
• 5 strips
• 6 strips
Create a direction for the lymphatic drainage
The base of the fan cut is always proximal
NeuroMuscular Taping
Treatment Applications
To enhance your learning skills in the following
aspects, it is highly advised that you carefully
annotate each application.
All applications will be applied with 0% tension.
Compression techniques will be indicated.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Treatment ApplicationsDecompression Application method
For single muscle and advanced techniques
Reference page from NMT book
Indicate length and width
Indicate tape tension level
Indicate shape of tape
Indicate the clinical application
Indicate the frequency and duration of treatments
guidelines
NeuroMuscular Taping
DeltoidDecompression Application
method for single muscles
Page 161 of NMT Book
Clinical Applications:
Subacromial Bursitis
Acromioclavicular Dislocation
Chronic instability of the shoulder
Impingement syndrome
Neurological and motor
rehabilitation of the shoulder
NeuroMuscular Taping
Deltoido Tape Application: decompression
From 5 cm below the “deltoid V” tuberosity of the humerus to 2.5 cm beyond
the acromioclavicular joint
o Patient Position:
• Posterior deltoid -Arm flexed to 90° and adducted, elbow flexed, as if were to
touch the other shoulder, with other hand
• Anterior deltoid -Arm abducted to 90° and slightly extended, head turned in
the opposite direction
o Anchor:
• Natural position with the arm hanging down the side. Therapist should remove
backing paper only from the tape anchor and position it slightly in the “deltoid
V”, leaving the two tape strips free with their backing on
• Tape applied with 0% tension
Tape
Specifications:One (1) Tape
Width: 5 cm
Length: 25 cm
Anchor: 5 cm
Y-Shaped
NeuroMuscular Taping
Deltoid
Compression Application
method for single muscle
Page 161 of NMT Book
Clinical Applications: Stability of the shoulder in compression
during sport activity
NeuroMuscular Taping
Treatment Applications• Tape Application: compression
• From 5 cm below the “deltoid V” tuberosity of the
Humerus to 2.5 cm beyond the acromioclavicular joint
• Patient Position:
• Anterior deltoid - Arm flexed to 90° and adducted,
elbow flexed, as if were to touch the other shoulder,
with other hand
• Posterior deltoid - Arm abducted to 90° and slightly
extended, head turned in the opposite direction
• Anchor:
• Natural position with the arm hanging down the side.
Therapist should remove backing paper only from the
tape anchor and position it slightly in of the “deltoid V”,
leaving the two tape strips free with their backing on
• Tape applied with 0% tension
Tape
Specifications:One (1) Tape
Width: 5 cm
Length: 25 cm
Anchor: 5 cm
Y-Shaped
NeuroMuscular Taping
Upper TrapeziusPage 138 of NMT Book
Clinical Applications:
• Stress-induced
headache
• Whiplash injuries
• Symptomatic cervical
disc herniation
• Post-trauma and Post-
surgical shoulder
rehabilitation
NeuroMuscular Taping
Upper Trapezius• Tape Application:
• From 2.5 cm below the
acromioclavicular joint to the
hairline in the occipital region
• Patient Position:
• Head tilted away from the side of
the application
• Anchor:
• 2.5 cm below the
acromioclavicular joint
Tape
Specifications:One (1) Tape
Width: 2.5 cm
Length: 25 cm
Anchor: 2 cm
Y-Shaped
NeuroMuscular TapingPosterior Neck Muscles pg.122 of NMT Book
Decompression
Application method
Clinical Applications
• Acute phase of neck pain
• Acute and Functional
phase of neck herniation
management
NeuroMuscular Taping
Cervical Herniation
Tape Specifications:
Two (2) Tapes
Width: 2.5 cm
Length: 25 – 35 cm
Anchor: 2 cm or
without anchor
Y-Shaped
• TAPE APPLICATION:
• From the hairline to 2 cm beyond the transverse process of the sixth thoracic vertebra
• PATIENT POSITION:
• Flex neck to 45°
ANCHOR:
• Just below the transverse process of the sixth thoracic vertebra
NeuroMuscular Taping
Sternocleidomastoid 131 of NMT Book
Clinical Applications:
• Brachial Neuralgia
• Post-Oncological and
Surgical Throat rehabilitation
• Costoclavicular symptoms
• Headache
NeuroMuscular Taping
Sternocleidomastoid
Tape Specifications:
• Two (2) Tapes
• Width: 2.5 cm
• Length: 25 cm
• Anchor: 1 cm
• Y-shaped
• Tape Application:
• From the mastoid process to 5 cm beyond
the clavicle
• Patient Position:
• Head slightly rotated toward the side of the
application, extended and tilted to the
opposite side
• Anchor:
• 2.5 cm above the mastoid process, hairline
permitting
NeuroMuscular Taping
Supraspinatus page165 of NMT Book
Clinical Applications:
Subacromial Bursitis
Loss of strength in
abduction
Post-Traumatic and
Post-Surgical Shoulder
rehabilitation
Impingement Syndrome
of the Rotator Cuff
NeuroMuscular Taping
Supraspinatus page165 of NMT Book
• Type 1. One (1) Tape
• Width: 5 cm
• Length: 25 cm
• Anchor: 2 cm
• Y-shaped
• Tape Application:
• From the tubercle of the Humerus to 2 cm
beyond the superior angle of the scapula
• Patient Position:
• Arm naturally adducted down the
patient’s side and rotated medially, with
elbow flexed and forearm resting on the
abdomen
• Anchor:
• Over the greater tubercle of the Humerus
• Type 2. One (1) Tape
• Width: 2.5 cm
• Length: 25 cm
• Anchor: 1 cm
• Y-shaped
Tape Specifications:
NeuroMuscular Taping
Pecteralis Major page152 of NMT
BookClinical Applications:
• Bronchitis and Asthma
• Midscapular Pain
• Pain in hands and paresthesia
• Shoulder girdle disorders
• Post-Surgical or Post-
Oncological rehabilitation of
the breast
• Post-Surgical Cardiac
rehabilitation
NeuroMuscular Taping
Pecteralis Major page152 of NMT Book
Tape Specifications: One (1) Tape
Width: 5 cm
Length: 25 cm
Anchor: 2 cm
W-Shaped or Y-shaped
• Tape Application:
• From 2 cm beyond the intertubercular
(or bicipital) groove of the Humerus
• Patient Position:
• Arm abducted to 90° and slightly
extended, head turned in the opposite
direction
• Anchor:
• 2 cm beyond the intertubercular
groove of the Humerus
NeuroMuscular Taping
Rhomboid Major page148 of NMT Book
Clinical Applications:
• Pain at the base of the scapula
• Neurological and motor
rehabilitation of the shoulder
• Post-Traumatic and Post-
Surgical Shoulder Rehabilitation
• Shoulder Stiffness
• Snapping Scapula
• Rib Subluxation
NeuroMuscular Taping
Rhomboid Major page148 of NMT Book
Tape Specifications:
One (1) Tape
Width: 5 cm
Length: 35 cm
Anchor: 2 cm
X-Shaped
Cut the tape in an
X-shape by folding
it in half and then in
half again; for a
further 5 cm , cut it
longitudinally as far
as the first fold
• Tape Application:
• From 2 cm before the medial margin of
the scapula to 2 cm beyond the medial
margin of the scapula on the other side
• Patient Position:
• Arms crossed with hands on shoulders and
accentuated dorsal kyphosis
• Anchor:
• Position center of the X-mid way between
the spinous processes of T2 and T4
NeuroMuscular Taping
Rhomboid Minor page146 of NMT Book
Clinical Applications:
• Pain at the base of the
scapula
• Neurological and motor
rehabilitation of the shoulder
• Shoulder Stiffness
• Snapping Scapula
NeuroMuscular Taping
Rhomboid Major page148 of NMT Book
Tape Specifications:
• One (1) Tape
• Width: 5 cm
• Length: 30 cm
• Center Anchor: 2
cm
• X-Shaped
• Cut the tape in an
X-shape by folding
it in half and then in
half again; for a
further 5 cm ,cut it
longitudinally as far
as the first fold
• Tape Application:
• From 2 cm before the medial margin of
the scapula to 2 cm beyond the medial
margin of the scapula on the other side
• Patient Position:
• Arms crossed with hands on shoulders and
accentuated dorsal kyphosis
• Anchor:
• Position center of the X-mid way between
the spinous processes of T2 and T4
NeuroMuscular Taping
Biceps Brachii page177 of NMT BookDecompression Application
method
Clinical Applications:
• Subacromial Bursitis
• Adhesive Capsulitis
• Reduced Elbow Extension
• Tennis Elbow
• Post-Traumatic and Post-
Surgical Shoulder Rehabilitation
NeuroMuscular Taping
Biceps Brachii page177 of NMT Book
Tape
Specifications:
One (1) Tape
Width: 5 cm
Length: 35
cm
Anchor: 2 cm
Y-Shaped
1. TAPE APPLICATION:
• From 2 cm below the tuberosity of the
radius to 2 cm past the lateral third of the
clavicle
2. PATIENT POSITION:
• Arm adducted 45° down the patient’s
side and forearm in supination
3. ANCHOR:
• Just below the tuberosity of the radius so it
coincides with the center of the
bifurcation of the Y
• 0% Tension
NeuroMuscular Taping
Flexors & Extensors of the Wrist
Decompression Application
method for single muscles
Flexors: Page 225 of NMT Book
Extensors: Page 236 of NMT Book
Clinical Applications:
• Wrist Joint Dysfunction
• Elbow Pain
• Epicondylitis
• Carpal Tunnel
• Ulnar Pain
• Hemiplegic Hand Patients
NeuroMuscular Taping
Flexor Digitorumo TAPE APPLICATION:
• From the middle of the forearm, to the tip of the middle
finger; the tape strips are to be measured from the tip of
the middle finger to 2 cm beyond the wrist. Each strip
should then be cut according to the length of the finger
concerned so that it ends at the base of the nail.
o PATIENT POSITION:
• Elbow, wrist and fingers extended
o ANCHOR:
• The end of the first strip is applied to the tip of the index
finger
Tape
Specifications:One (1) Tape
Width: 5 cm
Length: 50 cm
Fan-shaped with
four strips each
20 cm long
NeuroMuscular Taping
Extensor Digitorum• TAPE APPLICATION:
• From the middle of the forearm to the tip of the middle
finger; the tape strips are to be measured from the tip of
the middle finger to 2 cm beyond the wrist. Each strip
should then be cut according to the length of the finger
concerned so that it ends at the base of the nail.
• PATIENT POSITION:
• Elbow is slightly flexed, forearm in the intermediate position
between pronation and supination
• ANCHOR:
• The end of the first strip is applied to the tip of the index
finger
Tape
Specifications:One (1) Tape
Width: 5 cm
Length: 50 cm
Fan-shaped with
four strips each
20 cm long
NeuroMuscular Taping
Upper Extremities
Lymphatic Drainage Applications
NeuroMuscular Taping
Lymphatic Drainage Effects
Raise the skin, creating wrinkled wave
formations and reducing underlying pressure.
Reduce pressure over the congested area
and the presence of the tape, constantly
modifying pressure over the lymphatic
pathway.
Consequently help normal lymphatic
functioning.
NeuroMuscular Taping
Lymphatic Drainage Effects
The tape is applied:
• No tension on the tape over the extended
skin
• No tension on the tape over the skin
stretched in the opposite direction
Use only fan technique cut in:
• 4 strips
• 5 strips
• 6 strips
Create a direction for the lymphatic drainage
The base of the fan cut is always proximal
NeuroMuscular Taping
Lymphatic Drainage Effects
Removes congestion
Improves blood circulation
Improves lymphatic drainage
Reduces excessive congestion of metabolic
wastes
Improves superficial microcirculation
Reduces inflammation
Reduces pain
NeuroMuscular Taping Upper Extremities
Lymphatic drainage Page 88 of NMT Book
www.nmtinstitute.org
NeuroMuscular Taping
Upper Limb Page 89 of NMT Book
Decompression
Application method
Clinical
Applications:
• To promote
drainage of the
arm
NeuroMuscular Taping
Anterior Neck Muscles
Clinical Applications:
• Anterior congestion
of the neck
NeuroMuscular Taping
Anterior Neck Muscles Pg. 88 of NMT Book
Tape Specifications:
One (1) Tape
Width: 5 cm
Length: 20 – 25 cm
Fan-Shaped with five
strips
• TAPE APPLICATION:• With patient’s head held in the
extended position, apply the tape
anchor 5 cm below the manubrium
of the sternum
• Apply the five strips around the
trachea without imparting tensions
NeuroMuscular Taping
Elbow Drainage Pg. 67 of NMT Book
Decompressive
Application method
Clinical Applications:
• To promote
drainage of the
elbow
NeuroMuscular Taping
Elbow Drainage Pg. 67 of NMT Book
Decompressive
Application method
Clinical Applications:
• To promote drainage
of the elbow
NeuroMuscular Taping
Elbow Drainage Pg. 89 of NMT Book
Tape Specifications:
• One (1) Tape
• Waidth: 5 cm
• Length: 25 cm
• Fan-Shaped with five
strips
TAPE APPLICATION:
• The patient’s elbow is flexed and
the hand is turned towards the
shoulder
• Apply the strips of tape close
together without tension, starting
form the triceps brachii
• Folds appear on the skin when
the elbow is extended
NeuroMuscular Taping
Joint Applications
COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE
• Utilizes the stretch capacity of the tape to help give
a positioning stimulus through the skin to the target
joint.
• For the upper limb, the degree of correction is
related to the extent of joint flexion giving the tape
different levels of stretch during the application and
movement
• Corrective joint application of the upper limb uses
0% tension with the joint in various levels of flexion
NeuroMuscular Taping
Joint Applications
Decompression Technique:
• Creates decompression within the joints and muscle
fiber surrounding the joints
• Reduces muscle and tendon contraction, allowing
the decompression of the joints
• Reduces pain
• Reduces inflammation
• Improves ROM
NeuroMuscular Taping
Joint Applications
Decompression
Application method
Clinical Applications
• Acute phase
• Improving shoulder
stability and
coordination in
many directions
NeuroMuscular Taping
Shoulder – Adhesive Capsulitis
Tape Specifications:
• Two (2) Tapes
• Width: 5 cm
• Length: 25 – 30 cm
• Anchor: 2 cm
• Fan-Shaped with five strips
• TAPE APPLICATION:
• 25-30 cm: standard sized fan to cover the
region to be treated
• PATIENT POSITION:
• Arm abducted to 90° externally rotated
and slighted extended
• ANCHOR:
• Just below the clavicle to have the middle
of the central strip positioned over the
anterior aspect of the head of the Humerus
NeuroMuscular Taping
Joint Applications
Decompression
Application method
Clinical Applications
• Post acute phase
• Improves shoulder
stability and
coordination in
multi-direction
NeuroMuscular Taping
Joint ApplicationsDecompression
Application Method 0%
tension
Clinical Applications
• Functional phase
• Improves shoulder
stability and
coordination in
multi-direction
NeuroMuscular Taping
Deltoid
• TAPE APPLICATION: COMPRESSION
• From 5 cm below the “deltoid V” tuberosity of the Humerus
to 2.5 cm beyond the acromioclavicular joint
• PATIENT POSITION:
• Anterior deltoid - Arm flexed to 25° and adducted, elbow
flexed, as if were to touch sternum, with other hand
• Posterior deltoid - Arm extended to 25°
• Medial deltoid - Arm abducted to 25°, head in lateral flexion
in the opposite direction
• ANCHOR:
• Natural position with the arm hanging down the side.
Therapist should remove backing paper only from the tape
anchor and position it slightly in from of the “deltoid V”
leaving the two tape strips free with their backing on
• Tape applied with 0% tension
Tape Specifications:
• A) One (1) Tape
• Width: 5 cm
• Length: 20-25 cm
• Anchor: 5 cm
• Y-Shaped
• B) One (1) Tape
• Width: 2.5 cm
• Length: 20-25 cm
• Anchor: no
• I-Shaped
NeuroMuscular Taping
Shoulder Applications Page 73 of NMT Book
Compression Application
method
Clinical Applications:
• Improving Post-
Traumatic Shoulder
Instability
NeuroMuscular Taping
Shoulder Applications
TAPE APPLICATION:
• Stabilize the shoulder by placing the patient in a
neutral position with the arm along the patient’s
side and the elbow flexed. Starting in the middle of
a length of tape, remove the backing paper as far
as 1 cm from each end. Position the tape with the
midpoint over the acromion and, with 50% tension,
draw it downwards and apply it anteriorly and
posteriorly. Apply the two ends without tension.
• Apply the second tape with 50% tension. Place the
midpoint below the head of the Humerus and then
apply the tape in a way to impart a transverse and
upward direction to the fibers of the deltoid. Apply
without tension.
Tape Specifications:
• Two (2) Tapes
• Width: 5 cm
• Length: 20 – 25
cm
• I-Shaped
NeuroMuscular Taping Upper Extremities
Rehabilitation Applications
www.nmtinstitute.org
NeuroMuscular Taping
Shoulder – Adhesive Capsulitis
Decompression
Application method
Clinical Applications:
• Acute phase of
shoulder treatment
Page 348 of
NMT Book
NeuroMuscular Taping
Shoulder – Adhesive Capsulitis
• TAPE APPLICATION:
• 25-30 cm: standard sized fan to cover the region to be
treated
• PATIENT POSITION:
• Arm abducted to 90° externally rotated and slighted
extended
• ANCHOR:
• Just below the clavicle so the middle of the central
strip is positioned over the anterior aspect of the head
of the Humerus
Tape
Specifications:
• Two (2) Tapes
• Width: 5 cm
• Length: 25 – 30
cm
• Anchor: 2 cm
• Fan-Shaped
with five strips
NeuroMuscular Taping
Epicondylitis
Decompression Application method
Clinical Applications
• Acute inflammation
phase of Epicondylitis
• Functional phase of
EpicondylitisPage 95, 350
of NMT Book
NeuroMuscular Taping
Upper Arm Neuro-Rehabilitation
Decompression
Application method
Clinical Applications:
• Post acute phase of
upper limb disability
treatment – Stroke
• Both flexors and
extensors are treated
• Elbow, wrist and hand
treatment
NeuroMuscular Taping
Epicondylitis
• TAPE APPLICATION:• 25 cm: a standard-sized fan to cover the
anterior side of the elbow
• PATIENT POSITION:• Arm is forward extended with elbow fully
extended and forearm in pronation
• ANCHOR:• On the anteriorsurface of the arm so the
midpoint of the tape length coincides with the
mid-humerus
Tape
Specifications:
• One (1) Tape
• Width: 5 cm
• Length: 25 cm
• Anchor: 2 cm
• Fan-Shaped,
with five strips,
no anchor
NeuroMuscular Taping
Epicondylitis – Skin Traction Technique
Pulling the skin in
the opposite
direction
Clinical Applications:
• Acute Epicondylitis
Page 95 of
NMT Book
NeuroMuscular Taping
Epicondylitis – Skin Traction Technique
TAPE APPLICATION:
• Anchor the tape 4 cm proximally to the
painful point
• Arm should be held supinated in the
ulnar flexion position
• Pull patient’s skin in the proximal direction
• Apply tape without tension over the
course of the extensor muscles of the
wrist and thumb.
Tape
Specifications:
• One (1) Tape
• Width: 2.5 cm
• Length: 25 cm
• I-Shaped
NeuroMuscular Taping
Carpal Tunnel
Decompression
Application method
Clinical Applications
• Acute phase of Carpal
Tunnel Syndrome
• Functional phase of
Carpal Tunnel SyndromePage 354 of
NMT Book
NeuroMuscular Taping
Carpal Tunnel
• TAPE APPLICATION:• From the palmar side of the bases of the
fingers to the distal third of the forearm: this
length is then doubled and holes are cut in
the center fold
• PATIENT POSITION:• The forearm is in supination, the wrist in neutral
position between the flexion and extension
• ANCHOR:• Cut two holes mid-way along the tape, into
which the patient’s third and fourth fingers are
inserted. Cut another hole, 1.5 cm long
centrally at each end of the tape
TAPE SPECIFICATIONS:
• One (1) Tape
• Width: 5 cm
• Length: 25 cm
• Fan-Shaped, with
four or five strips
FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT:
• One (1) Tape
• Width: 5 cm
• Length: 10 cm
• I-Shaped
NeuroMuscular Taping
Arthritis Thumb Syndrome
Decompression
Application method
Clinical Applications:
• Acute phase of
thumb arthritis
• Functional phase
of thumb arthritis
NeuroMuscular Taping
Upper Arm Neuro-Rehabilitation
Decompression
Application method
Clinical Applications:
• Post acute phase of
hand disability
• Both flexors and
extensors are treated
• Wrist and hand
treatment
NeuroMuscular Taping
Post-Surgical Shoulder Rehabilitation
Decompression Application
method
Clinical Applications:
• Acute phase of post-
surgical shoulder
rehabilitation
• Arthritis of the shoulder
• Shoulder Bursitis
• Adhesive Capsulitis
• Pain, Edema and
Hematoma
Page 129 of
NMT Book
NeuroMuscular Taping
Post-Surgical Shoulder Rehabilitation
TAPE APPLICATION:
• Anterior fan is applied with the patient’s arm
extended and abducted 90°
• The base anchor is positioned below the clavicle and
the three lower tape tails are applied over the
shoulder and along the biceps brachii
• The patient then lowers the arm to 45° abduction and
the therapist applies the two upper strips of tape
• Posterior fan is applied with the patient’s arm forward
flexed 90°
• Position the anchor below the scapular spine and
proceed with the application on the posterior aspect
of the arm following the same procedure as the
anterior fan
Tape
Specifications:
• Two (2)
Tapes
• Width: 5 cm
• Length: 25
cm
• Fan-Shaped
with five strips
REVIEW
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NeuroMuscular Taping: from Theory to
Practice © 2012