neuroscience and intelligence
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for psych 101TRANSCRIPT
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Neuroscience and Intelligence
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• Does having a big head or brain have anything to do with intelligence?
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Head and Brain Size
• Ratio of brain weight to body weight
• 1:5000
• 1:1500
• 1:220
• 1:180
• 1:50
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Head and Brain Size
• Larger head size and larger brain size are associated with higher intelligence
• IQ test + brain imaging
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Head and Brain Size
• Males have bigger brains• Are males more intelligent than females?• In one study, scientists converted the SAT
scores of 100,000 17- and 18-year-olds to a corresponding IQ score and found that males averaged 3.63 IQ points higher than the females
• The greater the brain tissue, the greater the ability for cognitive processing.
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• Magnitude of the correlation is not very large
• Larger brains more neurons, greater myelination of neurons, etc.
• Larger brain size greater intelligence• Behaving intelligently larger brain size
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Head and Brain Size• It may not be overall size that matters, but
size of certain sections beyond just the frontal lobe.
• perfectly normal-size brain, but certain parts of it were larger than normal, including the inferior parietal region, which
affects mathematical thought
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Information Processing Speed
• Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly to facilitate information processing.
• Let’s Play• Reaction Time• Higher IQ scores- faster/ shorter reaction time
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Electrical Activity in the Brain• Actual neural transmission and intelligence• Nerve Conduction velocity (NCV)- speed with
which electrical impulses are transmitted along nerve fibers and across synapses
• Less consistency in results• Evoked Potential- electrical activity that is caused
by some external stimulus• Individuals who register such stimuli more quickly
score higher on intelligence tests than perceptually slower counterparts
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Energy Consumption in the Brain• The extent to which the brain is “working” is the
rate at which it break downs glucose to compensate for the energy it uses
• When individuals are at rest and can engage in any activity they choose, those with higher intelligence demonstrate increased brain activity and their brains use more glucose.
• Higher intelligence- less energy• Ind’ls with intelligence have levels of brain
activity at their disposal and can use it more efficiently than less intelligent ind’ls.