New 251ll1llManufactured By Essex . ••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Essex French Napoleonics BRITISH NAPOLEONIC (All Price A Unless Indicated) The British Napoleonic Line Infantry are modelled with the 'stove-pipe' Shako which puts them In approximately the same period as the French we already produce.

BN1 Line infantry advancing (high port)

BN2 Line infantry advancing (shouldered musket)

BN3 Grenadier or light compo (high port)

BN4 Grenadier or light compo (shouldered musket)

C BN5 Drummer C BN6 Standard bearer C BN7 Officer

BN8 Rifleman advancing BN9 Rifleman kneeling firing

C BN10 Rifleman Officer C BN11 Rifleman musician H BN12 Infantry Officer mounted on

horse C BN13 Foot art illeryman with rammer C BN14 Foot artilleryman carrying ball C BN15 Foot artilleryman with hand lever C BN16 Foot artilleryman stopping vent

hole BN17 Highlander adv. high port BN18 Highlander marching shouldered

musket C BN19 Officer C BN20 Standard bearer C BN20 Piper

BN21 Hussar trooper - BNH1 C BN22 Hussar Trumpeter - BNH1 C BN23 Hussar Officer - BNH1 C BN24 Guidon bearer - BNH1

BN25 Light info adv/attacking BN26 Light info kneeling firing BN27 Heavy Dragoon trooper - BNH2

C BN28 Heavy Dragoon Trumpeter -BNH2 C BN29 Heavy Dragoon Officer - BNH2 C BN30 Heavy Dragoon Guidon bearer

-BNH2 BN31 Light Dragoon trooper - BNH3

C BN32 Light Dragoon Trumpeter - BNH3 C BN33 Light Dragoon Officer - BNH3 C BN34 Light Dragoon Guidon bearer

-BNH3 C BN35 Horse artilleryman with rammer C BN36 Horse artilleryman with linstock C BN37 ~ ·rse artilleryman with hand-

s ~ ke C BN38 Horse artilleryman

British Napoleonic Horses: ($1.25) E BNH1 Hussars horse E BNH2 Heavy Dragoons horse E BNH3 Light Dragoons horse

17TH CENTURY: (Suitable for all Western European Armies from 1665 - 1710)

A W1 A W1a AW2 AW2a

A W2b

AW3 CW4 CW5 CW6 AW7

AW8 AW9

A W9a C W10 A W11

C W12 C W13 C W1 4 C W15

Musketeer firing (Eng) Grenadier firing , fur cap Musketeer at the ready (Eng) Grenadier at the ready, mitre (Eng) Grenadier at the ready, mitre Pikeman at ease Standard bearer Drummer Officer Musketeer , 12 Apostles , shouldered muskey Dragoon - H2/2a , H19/19a

Cui rassier charging H1I1a, H3/3a Cuirassier charging (lobster pot) Mounted Officer Heavy cav., shouldered sword -H2I2a, H19/19a Artilleryman with barrel Artilleryman with ball Artilleryman with rammer Artilleryman walking

BACTRIAN CREEK A 10WB Hillman archer A 11WB Extra heavy cavalry -

H17

SASSANID PERSIANS A 1WS Early Clibanarll , lance A 2WS Late Clibanarii , lance,

shield . A 3WS Cataphract, lance A 4WS Light cavalry . A 5WS Spearman A 6WS Archer A 7WS Slinger

LATE MEDIEVAL/EARLY RENAISSNCE: Swiss: D LM1 C LM2 C LM3 C LM4 C LM5 A LM6

A LM6a A LM7 A LM7a A LM8 A LM8a A LM9 A LM10 A LM11 A LM12

Commander on foot Captain Standard bearer Drummer Horn blower Extra heavy halberdiers (Assorted) Extra heavy pikemen assorted Heavy halberdies (assorted) Heavy pikemen (assorted) Medium halberdiers (assorted) Medium pikemen (assorted) Crossbowmen (assorted heads) Handgunners (assorted heads) Knight Mounted crossbowman

Napoleonic Equipment ($3.99) NEQ1 British 9 pdr cannon NEQ2 British 6 pdr cannon NEQ3 French 12 pdr cannon NEQ4 French 8 pdr cannon NEQ5 French 4 pdr cannon NEQ6 British horse artillery limber with

two seated gunners. Four horse team with two mounted drivers. ($10.99)

NEQ7 Pair of limber horses with mounted horse artillery driver. (to make 4 horse team Into 6 horse team) ($3.49)

NEQ8 French field artillery limber with 4 horse team & 2 mounted outriders ($9.99)

MARIAN/CAMILLAN ROMAN D 25WR Mounted General -

H42 A 26WR Heavy cavalry - H42 C 27WR Mounted Officer or

Standard bearer A 28WR Legionary advancing A 29WR Legionary throwing A 30WR Praetorian C 31WR Legionary standard

bearer A 32WR Galatian imitation

legionary A 33WR Spanish Caetratus A 34WR Spanish Scutaril C 35WR Spanish standard

bearer A 36WR Illyrian javelinman A 37WR Illyrian with long spear C 38WR Vexillum standard A 23WR Armenian horse archer A 24WR Skythian foot archer

OTTOMAN TURK 14th-17th Century D21WO Mounted General C22WO Janissary Off icer D23WO Janissary standard

bearer

ISLAMIC PERSIAN 1405-1502 C 7WP Mounted drummer C 7aWP Mounted trumpeter A 8WP Afghan javelinman C 9WP Dism. Heavy cav. (Use

as Foot Officer also)

price codes: A $0.88 B &C .99 D & E 1.25 F 1.39 G 1.49 \-I 1.7'5 J 2.49 K 2.97 L 3.25 M 3.50 N 3.99

o P Q R S&T U & V W X Y

Z

$4.99 5.99 6.99 7.99 9.99

10.99 11 .99 12.99 13.99 15.99

Sam

ple

file

New From Wargames !] Manufactured By Essex. miniaturei-

Each pac" ,nCludfeS 8 ,,,lantr y 6 Command . 4 Cavil try or 3 tJ1ou n :~' d Co mm ,m d lor $2.33 T'ANG & FIVE DYNASTIES

NEW KINGDOM EGYPTIAN: IE 1 Pharaoh in chariot $2.49 IE 2 General in ch ariot $2.49 IE 3 Archer & driver in chariot

$2.49 IE4 IES IE6 IE7 IE8 IE9 IE10

IE11 IE12 IE13

Axeman Spearman Heavy archer Light archer Slinger Javelinman Command pack: Offi cer/Std . bearer Nubian archer Kharu auxiliary Libyan auxiliary

ASIATIC HORDES: 1AH1 Avar light cavalry 1 AH2 Pecheneg light cavalry 1 AH3 Alan light cava lry 1AH4 Avar heavy cavalry

DARK AGES/FEUDAL: IDA1 Slav spearman IDA2 Russ spearman IDA3 Russ axeman IDA4 Russ heavy axeman IDAS Ottonian/Frankish

medium info IDA6 Ottonian/Frankish heavy

spearman IDA7 Swabian swordsman IDA8 Ottonian/Frankish heavy

cavalry IDA9 Ottonian/Frankish

medium cavalry IDA10 Lombard heavy cavalry IDA 11 Italian/Norman heavy

cavalry IDA 12 Norman archer IDA13 Feudal archer IDA14 Feudal crossbowman IDA 1S Mameluke heavy cavalry IDAE16 Turkish elephant with

driver, archer & pikeman astride $3.99

SASSANID PERSIANS: IS1 Levy infantry IS2 Archer IS3 Slinger IS4 Dismounted Clibanarii ISS Javelinman IS6 Cl ibanarii extra heavy

cavalry IS6a IS7 IS8 ISE9

Heavy cavalry Cataphract Light cavalry Elephant with mahout , javelinman , 2 archers in howdah $3 .99

PARTHIAN: IP1 Horse archer IP2 Cataphract

HUNS: IHU1 IHU2

IHU3

Cavalryman Command pack: Standard bearers Noble cavalry

CHINESE: IT1 Heavy infantry IT2 Medium infantry IT3 Archer IT4 Nepalese archer ITS Heavy cavalry ITSa Extra heavy cavalry IT6 Light cavalry IT? Command pack: Mounted

Generals ITS Tibetan cavalryman

MONGOLS: IM1 Foot archer 1M2 Spearman 1M3 Horse archer IM4 Heavy horse archer IMS Heavy lancer IMSa Extra heavy lancer IM6 Command pack: Mounted

General and two standard bearers

HAN CHINESE: IH1 Crowwbowman IH2 Spearman IH3 Convict infantryman IH4 Imperial Guard halberdier IHS Heavy swordsman IH6 Horse archer IH7 Heavy cavalry IH8 Heavy cav. crossbow IH9 Light lancer IH10 Command pack: Mounted

Generals IHE11 2·horse light chariot with

driver, archer, javelinman & 2HCT $3.99

IHE12 4·horse heavy chariot with driver, archer, 2x2HCT, 2javelinmen $4.7S

ANCIENT EQUIPMENT IE01 Light bolt thrower (2 per

pack) IE02 Heavy stone thrower

$3.99 IE03 IE04

IEOS IE06 IE07

IE08

IE09

IE010

10 Mina onger Oriental rocket launcher (3 per pack) Pack horses (6 per pack) Pack camels (3 per pack) Macedonian/Greek artillerists (6 per pack) Roman artillerists (6 per pack) Sassanid artillerists (6 per pack) Oriental artillerists (6 per pack)

MARIAN/E. IMPERIAL ROMANS IMR1 Roman Legionary IMR2 Roman auxiliary IMR3 Auxili ary archer IMR4 Command pack:

Cent urian, Aquilifer, Signifer

IMRS Auxi lia cavalry IMR6 Imperial Guard cavalry

IMRE7 African elephant , driver & 2 javelinmen in howdah $3.99

IMRE8 African elephant driver, 2 archers in howdah $3.99

ISLAND ARMIES ($47.99) except where noted have 22 packs (about 160 pieces) and total 1000·2000 pOints . Th ey contain a painting guide and where possible units contain mi xed poses . When ordering please use the following #'s and specify " army" or " starter se!. "

ISLAND 15mm Starter Sets Comprise 8 Packs (Typically $2.33) Giving a wide sample of troop types, a pair of average dice & A D6.

The Armies Below are $47.99 IAP1 Eg ypt ian IAP16 Hunnic IAP20 T'ang Chinese IAP2S Mongol IAP26 Han Chinese IAP27 Parthian IAP28 Sarmatian IAP2· 9 Ottonian Frankish

IAP2 Early Italian IAP3 Carthaginian IAP4 Hoplite lAPS Early Macedonian IAP6 late Macedonian IAP7 Seleucid IAP8 Camillan Roman IAP9 Marian Roman IAP10 Anci ent Briti sh IAP11 Dac ian IAP12 Middle Imperial Roman IAP13 Sassanid Persian IAP14 Palmyran IAP1S Late Roman IAP17 Patrician Roman IAP18 Earl y Byzantine IAP19 Maurikian Byzantine IAP21 Th emati c Byzant ine IAP22 Arab Conquest IAP23 Arab Empire IAP24 Viking IAP1 Egyptian

THEMATIC/NIKAPHORIAN BYZANTINE: 181 IB2 IB3

IB4 IBS IB6 IB7 IB8 IB9 IB10 IB10a

IB11

IB11a 1812 1813 IB14

IB1S

1816 IB16a

IB17

IB17a

Skutatos Heavy archer Command pack : Officer/Standard bearer Peltast Psilos archer Psilos javelinman Ps1los staff·slinger Varangian guardsman Slinger Tagmatic heavy cavalry Tagmatic Ext ra heavy cavalry Tagmat ic heavy horse archer Extra heavy horse archer Klibanophoros S.H .C. Trapezitos light cavalry Command pack: Mounted Officers Command pack: Mounted Generals Thematic heavy cavalry Thematic extra heavy cavalry Thematic heavy horse archer Thematic extra heavy horse archer

Sam

ple

file

Newbury & WRG, The Leaders In Rules

& Reference Books •••••••••••••••• NEWBURY $9.99 (Rules) e Manual (Multi Period) e Ancients e Medieval e Renaissance e Napoleonic e A.CW.

W.R.G. $7.49

Army Lists Book I Army Lists Book II Army Lists Book III

$8.99

NEW FROM DONNINGTON

DACIANS Cavalry OAC1

OAC2

Infantry OAF1

OAF2 OAF3

OAF4

OAF5 OAF6 OAF?

OAFB

OAF9

$2.99 per pack of 10 foot or 5 Cav. General , Scale Armour, waving falx Warrior, spear, shield

Chieftain , Scale Armour, waving sword Standard Bearer Warrior, thrusting spear, shield , advancing Warrior, spear, shield , attacking Warrior, throwing , shield Skirmishers, throwing , shield Noble, throwing javelin , helmet, shield Bastarnae, Bare Chested , falx , attacking Bastarnae, Bare Chested , falx , cap, attacking

OAF10 Warrior, fal x, attacking OAF11 Noble, fal x, helmet , attacking OAF12 Archer, drawing arrow OAF13 Archer, drawing bow OAF14 Archer, firing e 19th Cent.

e Colonial eWWl1 e Naval (Ancient) e WW II (Lists)

6th Edition Rules Rules (1420-1700) Rules (1685-1845) Rules (1925-1950) Rules (1950-1985)

'l.d1

_

." . kzr' SCYTHIANS Cavalry

."-, SC1 Noble, Heavy, spear, bow, : ''. r'" pelta.

e 20th Cent. Skirmishes e Old West I e Old West II e 20th C Lists (Skirmishes) e WWII Aerial

$7.99 _ LIt' e Fast Play (Ancients) ~ ~ e Fast Play (Rena iss.) , e Fast Play (Napoleonics) e A.CW. (Lists) e Medieval (Skirmish) • Lists (1420-1700)

~n~i:~t~ Lists .-Napoleonics Lists 19th Century Lists

Osprey

Publication schedule for the first haH of 1988 (New Elite's are 110.95) January: Elite 14 - British Army in the 1980s Elite 15. - The Armada Campaign 1588 Elite 16 - NATO Armies Today March: MAA 194 - Arab Armies of the Middle

East Wars (2) MAA 195 - Hungary <'I the Fall of Eastern

Europe 1000-1568 MAA 197 - Royal Canadian Mounted Police MAA 198 - British Army on Campaign (3)

1856-1881 May: Elite 17 - Knights at Tournament Elite 18 - Israeli Elite Units since 1948

$9.99 7th Edition RUles Mark 2 Lists (1420-1700)

$17.99 Imperial Rome Dark Ages Scenarios W.G. Campaigns

$19.99 Greek & Persian Prog . Scenarios Crusades Alexander The Great

$24.99 Ancient China

$26.99 Ancient Near East Macedonian & Punic Middle Ages I Middle Ages II

SC2 Archer, firing bow. SC3 Archer, drawing bow. SC4 Archer, holding bow. SC5 Archer (officer), Unarmoured,

SC6

SC?

SCB SC9

SC10

SC11

Infantry SF1

SF2

SF3 SF4 SF5

SF6

SF?

firing bow, Lamellar plastron . Noble, Heavy, Lamellar armour, Greek helmet, spear, bow, shield . Noble, Extra Heavy, splint armour on legs, spear, bow, oblong shield . Archer, bow, throwing javelin . Standard Bearer, Horse Tail standard. Noble/Sub General , Extra Heavy, Lamellar armour, oblong shield . King , holding severed Macedonian head.

Warrior, throwing javelin , shield . Warrior, thrusting javelin overarm, shield . Archer, drawing bow. Archer, firing. Archer, drawing bow, bare headed. Subject Warrior, axe, bow, shield . Subject Warrior, javelin, shield.

SFB Subject Archer, drawing bow. DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED

Mail orders add $3.00 shipping and handling charges to all orders under $25. COO is an additional $3.00

Telephone orders 304-547-0000 and use your major credit card .

Please mall check & your order to:

BOX 278 ROUTE 40 EAST TRIADELPHIA WV 26059

Sam

ple

file

:-"

(c,~ m:br

] ~·(lutt.i~tt NORTH AMERICA'S FOREMOST MINIATURE GAMING MAGAZINE

ARTICLES

BRITISH AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA 1758-1762 MIKE PARTRIDGE describes these little gamed operations ... ... ... ... ..... .... . ..•••••• • . • .... ............ . • . . .. ......... . ... ..•• •. ..... .. 5

WOODLAND WARFARE FRED ELLSESSER rev iews Indian warfare east of the Mississ ippi ....... ................ .... ...... ..... . .......••................ .. ........... 11

AN EXPEDITION IN THE WOODS AGAINST SAVAGES HOWARD WHITEHOUSE prese nts a document published in 1765 .. ..... . . .. ... . .... ... . .... . ... .. ... . . ... . .. . . ....... . . . . .. ......... .. ... 19

LET'S MAKE AN ARMY M. REESE & W. RUTHERFORD describe WWII and Modern org and the models for them ............... ... . . • . .... . . .... ......... . ... ... . .. .. 27

WAKE ISLAND FRANK CHADWICK with a Command Decision scenario ........ . ............. . .... . .. .. . ... . .. .. ..... ..• . . . ..... . ........• .... .... ... . . . 41

DANISH NORWEGIAN UNIFORMS COLORS AND STANDARDS 1709-1720 DAN SCHORR presents an in-depth discussion of The Great Northern War ............ .... . . . ............ .. . .. . . .....••••• ••• •. .. .. . ....... 43

NAPOLEON ON THE ROCKS JIM BIRDSEYE has beginners' rules for Napoleonic Warfare .. . • .• .... ............... . .... ..•••....• •••• ... .......• • . . .. . . ... .. ... .. ....... 55

GENERALSHIP NAPOLEONICS JIM ARNOLD describes techniques for fighting big battles ..... . ...... . ......... .. ....... .. • . .. •• ••••• . . .. . . .. . .•• •....... . .. . . ... ... ... .. 57

SMALL UNIT WARGAMES IN THE PIKE AND SHOT PERIOD NICK NASCA TI with ideas for skirmish games in this period ....... . .. . . . ... . . ... . ... . . ..... ..... . ..... ..... . .. ••... .. . . ... ....••...... . ... 60

CRECY AUGUST 24, 1346 CHRIS PARKER presents a battle report based on his Knighthood rules ............... .. .•• • • ..•. ... .... ..... ....• .. .. ......... . . . .•.... .... 61

DEPARTMENTS

SAPPER'S REPORT a Generic Farm Set by Erik Fieldhouse .. ................. .. . .••.•.•• . .. ...... .... ... .. ... .. •. . ... ... . . . . . .. .. . . .•• .. .. . 25

THE REVIEWING STAND reviews by all our editors ..... . ........ .. . .. . .. .. .... .•••••• ............ .. . .... . .. . .• . . ... . .... ... .... . . . .•••• . .. 35

THE COURIER DISPATCH News of the Hobby ............. . .. . . . .. .. ....... . . • . • .. . • . ....... . .. .. .... ....•... .. .. .. ... ... ...... . •• •. .. . 49

DISPATCHES FROM THE FIELD Letters to (or at) the Editor .. ......... . ... .. ••. ...... . ............... ... .. .... .... . .. ..... . .. ... .....• •• ... 63

VOLLEY FIRE What you li ke (or hate) about THE COURIER ..... . . . ......... . ............... . . . .... .. . .. . ... .. ...... .. .. .... .... . ... ....... 64

COVER: A View of the Taking of Quebec -13 Sept 1759. Tinted fine engraving. Printed w ith the kind permission of the Nationa l Army Museum in London.

3

Sam

ple

file

mbe

~",u~i~tt MANAGING EDITOR: Richard L. Bryant

BUSINESS MANAGER: Leo Cronin ART DIRECTOR: Joseph Micel i

ADVERTISING MANAGER : Tom Desmond THEME EDITOR: THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS

William Protz

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Jim Arnold; Ken Bunger; Robert Beattie; Lynn Bodin; Rodman Burr; Pat Condray; Todd Fisher; Bill Greenwald; Jay Hadley; Ian Knight; Paul Koch; Doug Johnson ; Robert Mosca; Nick Nascati; Greg Rice; Bill Rutherford; Kruse Smith; Walter Simon.

STAFF CARTOONIST: Jose Niera

STAFF PHOTOGRAPHERS: Bill Greenwald Pat Condray

THE COURIER DISPATCH: Greg Rice

STAFF ILLUSTRATORS Alan Archambault, AI Karasa, Joe Matthews,

Larry Schuman, Terry Manton, Bill Greenwald

TYPESETTING: Steve Brown

PRINTING: Quantum Printing

THE COURIER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Richard L. Bryant, President

DIRECTORS Richard Bryant, Leo Cronin, Jose ph M iceli

THE COURIER is published approximately bi-monthly at Brockton, MA 02401 USA.

SUBSCRIPTIONS USA - $19.00; CANADA & S. AMERICA, surface rate - $23.00. UN ITED KINGDOM & EUROPE write to: Athena Books, 20 St. Mary's Rd., Doncaster, South Yorkshire DN1 2NP England. AUSTRALIA write to: Essex Miniatures Pty., Ltd., 40 Railway Parade, Lakemba, NSW 2195.

BACK ISSUES Recent back issues are available for $4.50, USA; $5.00 Canada & Foreign surface; $6.00 Foreign airmail. See last page of issue for listing. Monies in US funds drawn on US banks or International Postal Money Order. Subscriptions start with NEXT published issue after receipt of payment.

No responsibility is assumed for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. No responsibility is assumed for unsolicited manuscripts, but all sub­missions are welcome, no query necessary. All sub­missions should contain a self-addressed STAMPED envelope large enough to return the submission.

This mdgazine and other publications ofThe Courier Publishing Company are sold with the understanding that every reasonable attempt is made to deliver them safely through the mails. The Courier Publishing Company is not responsible for items lost in the mails. Replacements will be pro\'ided at their usual cost.

ALL DOMESTIC DEALER INQUIRIES, ADVERTISING COpy AND INQUIRIES, DOMESTIC SUBSCRIP­TIONS AND ARTICLES to THE COURIER, Box 1878,

Brockton, MA 02403.

Entire Contents Copyright @ 1988 by The Courier Publishing Company, Inc.

VOL. VIII , NO.2

THE VANGUARD

EDITOR'S NOTES

THE WELLS/ ROBERTS AWARDS

The mailing cover of this issue contains the ballot for the H.G. Wells and Roberts awards presented each year by GAMA (Game Manufacturers Association) at Origins.

The award process has gone through many tria ls, tribulations and modifications through the years, nevery fully satisfying a majority of those invo lved in the process. This year is no exception .

In previous years, the wargaming public nominated the products (or personalities) they felt deserved consideration for an award. The final selection from among the nominees was by the awards committee, a group of gaming "professiona ls" who were recognized in the hobby by dint of their positions as Editors, Game Designers, Rules Writers, or many-times-published Authors in the genre. The committee members also paid for the privilege of being on the committee - about $5 per head, or $100 a year taken by GAMA to cover the expense of the awards.

The complaint under this syste m was that large companies sent around already filled out xeroxed copies of the nomination ballot to their employees (usually one and all gamers - at least for th is exercise). This blatant ballot stuffing was countered somewhat by the awards committee " Senate" who voted based on their own personal experience with the product but limited by the nominations generated by the ballot stuffing. A further complaint was that smaller producers with small followings never had their product nominated, no matter how superior it was.

In the new system, the Awards Committee nominates and the wargame public votes -for a fee of $2 each; perhaps a take of $10,000 for GAMA to cover expenses! The opportun ity for a corrupted vote is exactly the same. It just costs companies more money to accomplish it. The final arbiter is the honest gamer, with or without company affiliation, who votes his conscience - perhaps even writing in his selection. To give a fair chance to your favorite candidate you must vote to counter any ballot stuffing that might go on.

This year there has been a reduction in the number of awards. This was done, according to a GAMA spokesmen, " to reduce the confusion of the media who would report on the awards and make them more creditab le and understandable to the public" (a pproximate quote - ED) . Frankly the direct ion of the simplification makes the awa rds less understandable and creditable to me and perhaps to most Historical Miniature Wargamers:

1. Historical Miniature rules are grouped together with Fantasy, Science Fiction and Role Play miniature rules.

2. Historical Vehicles and Accessories are grouped together with Science Fiction and Fantasy Accessories.

3. All Profess ional Wargame Magazines are grouped together. Thus, very large circulation magazines li ke the Dragon are competing in a popularity contest with small circulation magazines li ke The Courier. The problem being that their circu lation number does not reflect the popularity vis a vis one another but is a measure of the population of the wargame area they cater to. You will note that neith er the magazines mentioned above, nor any miniature magazine (there are many good ones besides The Courier), are listed.

The simpli fication is all from the Historical end; there are 2 Historica l Miniature on ly categories but 4 Role Play categories and 7(!) Boardgame categories.

You w ill note that The Dragon and The Courier are conspicuous by their absence from the list of award nominees. This is not because they have suddenly become trash over the last year but that they have been " honorably retired" from the list, having won every year since the ir inception. They will be given a specia l award at Origins, I understand, the exact nature of which I am not privy to. So I have mixed feelings about the situation. An on-going recognition of these two magazines' contribution to the hobby could be established in the GAMA Awards in a Dragon Award and a Courier Award for some aspect of Wargame publishing endeavor. Then we cou ld, with honor, be indefinitely retired from the awards and give others a chance.

4

Sam

ple

file

BRITISH AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA 1758-1762

BY MIKE PARTRIDGE

, )I .:

. "-

"AMPHI BIOUS ASSAULT", Rangers ilnd grenadiers of the British A rmy lead line infantry into a secluded cove on iI forested shoreline in North America during the french and Indian War. They are se<ondcd by a sm all woJrship of the Royal Navy. Secluded French defenders have as yet withheld fire. The idea for the fI.Jt-bottomed ~ts and oars originally came from wargillmer Dale Wood. The boats were once 7" long toy tugboats sold by the Tors R Us chain in the spring and summer last year. Removal of the superstructure converts them to great rowing wiltercrafl Oars are coffee stirrers from McDonakt's restaurants. The ship is a 25mm Greenfield Hobbies wOIrship. Miniatures are 25mm RSM British grenadiers and rangers with 30mm Stadden British line infolnlry and some Edward Suren (Willies) rangers. Sailors are 25mm Lamming Oloo MiniOllure F;gurines. The 25mm canoe is from RAFM, Inc. which sells Iwo kinds pus p.;addlers. Photo by Bill Kojis.

Thomas Moore Molyneux published "Conjunct Expeditions" in 1759: His purpose was to examine the nature of amphibious warfare. This was a very important subject to a nava l power li ke Britain particularly in view of the war that was taking place at the time. Molyneux calculated that between 1603 and 175B, Britain had carried out 68 great and small amph ibious operations. Of the great, seven had succeeded and twenty-seven had fai led. Of the sma ll , twenty-three succeeded whi le eleven failed.

Had Molyneux written a few years later the success rate wou ld have increased considerably. From 1758, the British Army and Navy conducted several large and small amph ibious operations and practically all of them met with success. The only fai lure that I know of was the Ang lo­Portuguese attack on the Spanish occupat ion of the Portuguese colony of Colonia on the River Plate in 1762. This was a disaster which is no doubt why it is virtually unknown! Apart from it, the record of success was unbroken with victor ies in West Africa, the West Indies, North America, the Far East and off of France; the latter w ith the captu re of Belle Isle in 1762.

This article concentrates on seaborne operations in North America as part of the French and Indian War 1754-1763. I have selected three of these between 1758-1762 - the assau lt landing at Louisbourg 8 June 1758, the amphibious operati ons that were part of the capture of Quebec in 1759

5

and the hastily mounted operation to recapture SI. Johns, Newfoundland, from a French amphibi ous raiding force in September 1762. I have not described the course of these events but my intention is to draw out from the characteristic features of British amphibious warfare of the mid­Eighteenth Century so that anyone wishing to recreate such actions wil l have an idea of what the "Standard Operating Procedure" was.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The war in North America was a colo nial war fought over lands largely empty of people whether colonist or native. The main problems were largely logistic for both sides. In this, the British were immeasurably aided by the efficiency of the Royal Navy. It secured ascendancy over the French Navy w hi ch was vital, but it also cont ribu ted to the success of British arms in many other ways as wel l. For example, this produced experti se and sk ills plus great enthusiasm and confidence. Any warga mer wishing to land successfu lly on an enemy shore should first ensure they have the Royal Navy on their side!

The North American theatre of wa r had other featu res that made operations easier. The armies were sma ll by Europea n standards. The British Army fie lded 13,000 men at Louisbourg, 8,500 at Quebec and 1,559 at SI. Joh ns. Above all, they had no cavalry. The transport and landing of

Sam

ple

file