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New advances in Ms Office malware analysis malware analysis Frank Boldewin Frank Boldewin Hack.Lu 2009

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Page 1: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

New advances in Ms Office malware analysismalware analysis

Frank BoldewinFrank BoldewinHack.Lu 2009

Page 2: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

Agenda

Introduction to MS Office exploitationSome MS Office exploits since 2006Some MS Office exploits since 2006Short introduction to the OLESS formatExample of a malicious MS Office document Example of a malicious MS Office document structureTypical MS Office Shellcode behaviorTypical MS Office Shellcode behaviorStatus Quo to MS Office document analysisIntroduction to OfficeMalScannerIntroduction to OfficeMalScanner

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Introduction to MS Office exploitation

MS Office commonly exploited since 20062006Existing exploits in the wild exploit unexceptional the older OLESS file unexceptional the older OLESS file format.C tl k b i th Currently no known bugs in the newer XML based MS Office format.

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Some MS Office exploits since 2006

CVE-2006-0009 Powerpoint MS06-012 (March 2006)CVE-2006-0022 Powerpoint MS06-028 (June 2006)CVE-2006-2492 Word MS06-027 (June 2006)CVE 2006 2492 Word MS06 027 (June 2006)CVE-2006-3434 Powerpoint MS06-062 (October 2006)CVE-2006-3590 Powerpoint MS06-048 (August 2006)CVE-2006-4534 Word MS06-060 (October 2006)CVE-2006-4694 Powerpoint MS06-058 (October 2006)CVE-2006-5994 Word MS07-014 (February 2007)CVE-2006-6456 Word MS07-014 (February 2007)CVE-2007-0515 Word MS07-014 (February 2007)CVE-2007-0671 Excel MS07-015 (February 2007)CVE-2007-0870 Word MS07-024 (May 2007)CVE 2008 0081 E l MS08 014 (M h 2008)CVE-2008-0081 Excel MS08-014 (March 2008)CVE-2008-4841 Word MS09-010 (April 2009)CVE-2009-0238 Excel MS09-009 (April 2009)CVE-2009-0556 Powerpoint MS09-017 (May 2009)

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CVE-2009-0556 Powerpoint MS09-017 (May 2009)

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Short introduction to the OLESS format

OLESS HeaderFAT FSFAT FS

SectorNumbersOLESS directory entries

Data is divided into directories Data is divided into directories (storages) and files (streams)

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Short introduction to the OLESS format

Depending on the application streams may containmay contain

MacroshiGraphics

TablesSoundsAnimationsAnimations….

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Short introduction to the OLESS format

Parsing can be done using the Win32 COM APICOM API

StgOpenStorage()h dIStorage methods

IStream methods

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Example of a malicious MS Office document structure

OLESS HEADERRECORDS

SHELLCODESHELLCODEEXECUTABLEEXECUTABLE

(often encrypted)

HARMLESS DOCUMENTHARMLESS DOCUMENT(e.g. as embedded OLE)

SUMMARY INFORMATION8

SUMMARY INFORMATION

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Typical MS Office Shellcode behavior

When a bug in a MS Office application gets triggered…gets triggered…

Shellcode executesi d i lf b fil h dlFinds itself by open file handles

enumeration and file size checkingSetFilePointer to encrypted PE-File(s), decrypt, drop and executeDrop harmless embedded MS Office document and start to look innocent

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Status Quo to MS Office document analysis

Not much public information about MS-Office malware analysis availableMS Office malware analysis availableMicrosoft Office Binary File Format Specification (since Feb 2008)Specification (since Feb. 2008)Bruce Dang‘s talk „Methods for U d t di T t d Att k ith Understanding Targeted Attacks with Office Documents”

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Available tools for Ms Office analysis

DFView (oldschool Microsoft OLE structure viewer)structure viewer)Officecat (signature based CLI utility)l di ( dFlexHex Editor (OLE compound

viewer)OffVis - (Office binary file format visualization tool)

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OffVis in action

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Page 13: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

Introduction to the “OfficeMalScanner” suiteOfficeMalScanner suite

Page 14: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

OfficeMalScanner features

OfficeMalScanner is a forensic tool for analysts to find malicious traces in MS Office documents.

Features:SCANSCANBRUTEDEBUGDEBUGINFOINFLATE

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SCAN mode (Shellcode scanner)

GetEIP (4 Methods)

CALL NEXTNEXT: POP reg-------------------------------------------

JMP [0xEB] 1ST2ND: POP reg1ST: CALL 2ND-------------------------------------------

JMP [0xE9] 1ST2ND: POP reg1ST: CALL 2ND-------------------------------------------

FLDZ FSTENV [esp-0ch] POP regPOP reg

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SCAN mode (Shellcode scanner)

Find Kernel32 base (3 methods)

MOV DWORD PTR FS [30h]MOV reg, DWORD PTR FS:[30h]---------------------------------------------

XOR reg_a,reg_aMOV reg a(low-byte) 30hMOV reg_a(low-byte), 30hMOV reg_b, fs:[reg_a]

---------------------------------------------PUSH 30hPOP reg_aMOV reg_b, FS:[reg_a]

Find structured exception handlingMOV reg, DWORD PTR FS:[00h]

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SCAN mode (Shellcode scanner)

API Hashing

LOOP: LODSBTEST al, alJZ short OKROR EDI, 0Dh (or 07h)ADD EDI, EAXJMP short LOOP

OK: CMP EDI, ...

Indirect function call

PUSH DWORD PTR [EBP+val]CALL[EBP+val]

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SCAN mode (Shellcode scanner)

Suspicious stringsUrlDownloadToFileG tT P thGetTempPathGetWindowsDirectoryGetSystemDirectoryWinExecWinExecShellExecuteIsBadReadPtrIsBadWritePtrCreateFileCloseHandleReadFileWriteFileSetFilePointerVirtualAllocGetProcAddrLoadLibrary

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SCAN mode (Shellcode scanner)

Easy decryption trickLODS(x)

XOR or ADD or SUB or ROL or RORSTOS(x)

Embedded OLE Data (unencrypted)Signature: \xD0\xCF\x11\xE0\xA1\xB1\x1a\xE1

d d di kGets dumped to disk

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Page 20: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

SCAN mode (Shellcode scanner)

Function Prolog

PUSH EBPPUSH EBPMOV EBP, ESPSUB ESP, <value> or ADD ESP, <value>

PE-File Signature (unencrypted)

Offset 0x0 == MZOffset 0x3c == e_lfanewOffset e_lfanew == PE

Fo nd PE files a e d mped to diskFound PE-files are dumped to disk

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Page 21: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

SCAN mode in action

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BRUTE mode

Easy XOR + ADD 0x0 – 0xff buffer decryptionAfter decryption

Embedded OLE checkPE-file signature check

Found files get dumped to disk

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Page 23: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

DEBUG mode

The Debug mode displays:Disassembly for detected codeHexdata for detected strings and PE-files

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Malicious index rating

The malicious index rating can be used for automated analysis as threshold.Every suspicious trace increases the malicious index counter depending on its hazard potential.

Index scoringExecutables : 20Code : 10STRINGS : 2OLE : 1

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INFO mode

The INFO mode dumps OLE structures, offsets, length and saves found VB-Macro code to disk

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INFLATE mode

Decompresses Ms Office 2007 documents, into a temp dir and marks potentially p p ymalicious files.Documents with macros included (docm, pptm and xlsm) contain .bin files, usually vbaproject.bin (Old MSOffice format)S h fil ld h t li i d Such files could host malicious macro code and can extracted using the OfficeMalScanner INFO mode.OfficeMalScanner INFO mode.

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Page 27: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

INFLATE mode – Usage STEP 1

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Page 28: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

INFLATE mode – Usage STEP 2

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Page 29: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

MalHost-SetupA shellcode runtime environmentA shellcode runtime environment

Page 30: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

MalHost-Setup – Typical shellcode requirements illustrated

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Page 31: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

MalHost-Setup – Finding the shellcode-start with DisView

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Page 32: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

MalHost-Setup – Help screen

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MalHost-Setup – Configuration (unattended mode)

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Page 34: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

MalHost-Setup – Configuration – (debug mode)

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MalHost-Setup – Debugging

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Page 36: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

MalHost-Setup – Debugging

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OfficeMalScanner SuiteDownload

http://www reconstructer org/code/OfficeMalScanner ziphttp://www.reconstructer.org/code/OfficeMalScanner.zip

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Page 38: New advances in Ms Office malware - Reconstructer.org

Questions?

Thanks for brainstorming and beta-testing fly to:

Elia FlorioBruce Dang

Michael Hale LighCarsten WillemsCarsten Willems

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