new capabilities for marine uxo detection, classification ... · 2 - mk 3 mod 1, 40mm, projectile...
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New Capabilities for Marine UXO Detection, Classification and Information Management: Case Studies from the U.S. Military Munitions
Response Program
UXO Surveys Seminar The Hydrographic Society UK
June 2015
Introduction
New capabilities for marine UXO detection, classification and information management: case studies from the U.S.
Military Munitions Response Program
■ Jack Foley, PhD, HDR, Inc., Boston, MA (USA) ■ Greg Schultz, PhD, WRT, Inc., Hanover, NH (USA)
New capabilities for marine UXO detection, classification and information management
Agenda ■ US-DOD Munitions Technology Program ■ Integrated Technology Suite ■ Project Examples; Port of Seattle and Eglin Air Force Base
DOD’s UXO Technology Program SERDP – Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program
• DoD’s environmental technology development program
• Established by Congress in 1990 • Address DoD environmental
issues • Integrated program, involves
multiple agencies
ESTCP – Environmental Security Test and Certification Program
• Established in 1995: promote transfer of innovative technologies
• Extensive , rigorous demonstrations paid by ESTCP
• Overcome barriers of innovative technologies
Topic Areas Energy and Water
Energy efficiency, renewables, conservation
Environmental Restoration Contaminants in soil, sediments, and water
Conservation and Climate Change Understanding and defining impacts
Weapons Systems and Platforms Waste and emissions during lifecycle
Munitions Response UXO detection, classification, and remediation on land and in waters
SERDP and ESTCP have spent ~$400M on UXO technology
development and certification
DOD Guidance Document for Underwater UXO
Underwater UXO Guidance Document • Prepared for the US
Air Force through US Army Corps contract
• Provides guidance on technology selection and operational methodology for underwater UXO sites.
• Completed September 2014
UXO Site : Eglin Air Force Base
Military Training Facility ■ Aerial bombing range ■ Choctawhatchee Bay near Fort
Walton Beach, FL
Eglin AFB, Florida
Programmatic ■ Part of Air Force MMRP ■ Managed by USACE – Omaha
UXO Site: Port of Seattle
Aerial Photo of Terminal 91; 1945 WWII Naval Supply Depot ■ Bulk fuels ■ Materials storage ■ Marine terminal
Seattle, Washington, USA
Transition ■ Property to GSA 1967 ■ Port of Seattle acquired in 1976 ■ Declared a FUD site in 1995 ■ Cruise ships begin utilizing Terminal 91 in 2009
Cruise Ships “Amsterdam” and “Star Princess”
Seattle: Initial Munitions Discovery ■ Port of Seattle dive team performs
routine inspections in and around Terminals 90 and 91
■ Several military munitions discovered, mainly Discarded Military Munitions (DMM)
■ Navy and Army EOD emergency responses are conducted
2 - MK 3 Mod 1, 40mm, Projectile (DMM)
1 - MK 23 series AA Warhead (DMM)
3 - 5” drill rounds (MD)
1 – 5” casing (MD)
1 – 3” casing (MD)
1 - 5” MK5 .38cal shell casing (DMM)
1 - 5” MK 35 MOD 6 – AA Round (DMM)
1 - 5’ MK 15 – Armor Piercing (DMM) 1 - MK 29 MOD 2 3’ Armor Piercing Round (DMM)
1 - Mechanical Time Fuze MK 18 (MD)
1 - 20mm casing (MD)
MultiBeam Sonar
Pier 90
Pier 91
Multibeam Bathymetry • Provide high resolution seafloor bathymetry • Accurate base map for follow-on registration • Analogous to LiDAR
Side Scan Sonar Pier 91
Sidescan Sonar • Defines surface features • Port of Seattle example
showing pier structure and bottom debris at water depth to 75 ft.
Stationary Scanning Sonar
■ Higher resolution than SSS ■ System sits 1.2 m off seafloor ■ High fidelity images to 15 meters ■ Purpose is surface target detection
15 m
HDR MarineMag ■ High productivity, high resolution marine
geophysical mapping to 25m water depth ■ Experience on multiple sites, covering over
1500 hectares ■ Over 12 hectares covered per day (over 20 with
shallow system) ■ Equipped with five magnetometers, digital
compass, sonar altimeters ■ Dual GPS receivers and cable & angle
measurement system: 10-15 cm accuracy ■ Bottom-following wing maintains set offset –
typically 1 - 2 meters
HDR MarineMAG Surveys
MAG Readings SSS
Targets
Current Track
Wing Location
Bathymetry
Boat Data
Wing Data
System Info
Positional Data
Speed
MarineMag Operational Control ■ Automated data acquisition ■ Full pilot guidance ■ Auto control of wing altitude
HDR Marine Mapping Technology
Marine Geophysical System Performance Verification
Item
Seed Item Description
1 Simulate 6" Projectile 2 Simulate 3" Projectile 3 Simulate 40mm Projectile 4 Simulate 5" Projectile 5 Simulate 20mm Projectile 6 Simulate 5" Cartridge Casing 7 Large ISO 8 Simulate 6" Projectile 9 Simulate Multi 4" Projectile
10 Simulate 3" Projectile
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2
3
4
5
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9
10
Calibration Items
Process developed by ESTCP
MarineMag Positional Accuracy Results
Easting Error (m)
■ Data from 46 consecutive IVS passes
■ Mean error: 14.1 cm ■ Median error: 12.7 cm ■ 95% confidence: 16.2 cm
HDR Marine Mag Mapping Technology N
orth
ing
Erro
r (m
)
Calibration Targets 1. Rebar 2. 4” Pipe 3. 6” Pipe 4. 3” Pipe 5. 2” Pipe 6. 4” Pipe 7. 6” Pipe 8. 3” Pipe 9. 2” Pipe
Bottom-Following Capability ■ Wing of total field
magnetometers ■ Deployed 1-2 meters above sea
bottom ■ Surveys completed to water
depths to 25 meters ■ Bottom offset routinely
maintained throughout survey
HDR Marine Mag Mapping Technology
Wing Depth
Sea Bottom
Typical Wing Bottom-Following Performance
Shallow Marine UXO Survey System
Shallow Marine ■ Depths as shallow as
50 cm ■ Wide range of survey
vessels ■ High productivity,
low noise data
HDR Marine Mag Mapping Technology
■ 3,000 acre geophysical survey complete
■ Full Integration and analysis of acoustic and geophysical data
■ ROV and diver ground-truth activity completed
ROV-Based UXO Assessment
Marine UXO Characterization ROV Assessment Technology
■ Visual assessment of sea-bottom ■ Acoustic / geophysical target review ■ Diver Surface Clearance QC
UXO Applications ■ Seabotix LBV-300’s ■ RGB and BW Cameras ■ Tritech Gemini Multibeam
Sonar ■ Tritech Scanning Sonar ■ Tritech Micron USBL ■ Altimeter ■ Length Reference Laser
ROV Technology
UXO Clearance: QC Results
ROV-Based UXO Assessment
■ Acoustic mapping ■ ROV assessment ■ UXO divers ■ Detailed ROV QC
Integrated Process
Integration of UXO Tools on ROV Platforms
Sensors ■ Metal detectors ■ Magnetic sensor arrays ■ Advanced EM arrays
Devices ■ Blowers ■ Vacuums ■ Grabbers
Integration ■ Acoustic positioning ■ Realtime data collection ■ Realtime map integration ■ Data integrated into GIS
ROV-Based UXO Assessment
Seattle Project Summary
■ Clearance completed; Discarded military munitions removed ■ Risk mitigated and Time Critical Removal Action complete ■ Cruise season started on time – no cruises were affected
Eglin Project Summary Eglin Project Summary
■ Site munitions distribution models established ■ Comprehensive Site Evaluation (Phase II)
completed ■ Designation of sites for follow-on actions ongoing
Underwater UXO Classification
• Marine sites provide financial motivation to transition proven success for terrestrial sites
• Transition to smaller configurable sensors • EMPACT has emerged as the best form-factor
Over 5000 targets in area of known UXO
Advanced EMI Instrument Components
3-Axis Receiver Cubes (7)
Transmitter Coils (3) X, Y and Z
Schematic diagram: receiver layout
GPS Mount
Munitions Classification: Field System Components
HDR was the first company to purchase a Metal Mapper, and has extensive experience with
the custom system HDR3D
• A fit coefficient > 0.90 is a high probability match
• Dashed lines- Library item • Solid lines- target
Question: What if an anomaly is a UXO but that munitions type is NOT in the library?
Answer: Make SURE each target with LOW matching coefficients has NO response characteristics similar to UXO
Munitions Classification: Data Analysis and Processing
Curve Matching with the Fingerprint Library
1. Data Acquisition 2. Feature estimation 3. Classification
How Classification Works
UXO Geophysical Target Classification
Munitions Classification
• Proven capability eliminates unnecessary intrusive work that accounts for ~80% of remediation costs
• HDR field systems recognized as best-performing technology
• Exceptional qualifications proving and quantifying classification capability
Standard Approach HDR-MetalMapper Currently bidding Fixed-Priced tender with 50,000 targets requiring
classification at 75% success rate
Advanced Classification
0 0 0
MMRP: Geophysical Target Classification
Munitions Classification • Documented success • New sensors are available • Deployment techniques
for required positional accuracy now available
• Advanced processing and analysis now available
Verified UXO
Separation of target features supports UXO discrimination
Verified Non-UXO
Standard Approach HDR-MetalMapper
Currently bidding Fixed-Priced tender with 50,000 targets requiring classification at 75% success rate
USBL
Multi-sensor Frequency-Domain Array (MFDA)
65 cm
UXO Classification ROV Deployment of Advanced EMI
EMPACT • Marinized system • Seven transmit coils • Five 3-axis receiver cubes • Dimensions: • Proven dynamic and cued
classification • Utilizes mature processing and
analysis software
UXO Classification ROV Deployment of Advanced EMI
• Ongoing certification projects • Demonstrated maturity of sensors, processing and
analysis capabilities for delivery to marine sites • Working to integrate with mature ROV, positioning
and logistical capability
New Capabilities for Marine UXO Detection, Classification and Information Management: Case Studies from the U.S. Military Munitions Response Program
Summary US agencies have systematically developed process and procedures for developing and evaluating UXO technologies
• Validation programs • Technology education and awareness programs • Formal guidance and requirements documents
Relevant UXO technology developed via US DOD R&D • Underwater platforms for detection using total field MAGS • Advanced data modeling and information management • ROV-based target classification
Questions & Answers Thank you
New Capabilities for Marine UXO Detection, Classification an Information Management: Case Studies from the
U.S. Military Munitions Response Program
BACKUP SLIDES
Advanced Information Management to Facilitate Munitions Classification
UXO Projects: Information Challenges
• Advanced geophysics involves several information challenges: MarineMag via various platforms Marine Acoustic surveys ROV deployments
• Meeting past challenges resulted in development & integration of several tools for advanced information management
Advanced Information Management to Facilitate Munitions Classification
Oracle dBase Schema for DGM project
HDR’s GDC: Geophysical Data Center
• DGC tools manage all project data in a comprehensive dBase
• Streamlines GIS integration • Supports automated reports • Integrated with the DAS to
capture up-stream info
This example shows tables connected to Target List
management
DGM Process (Simplified)
GDC implements a defined workflow into a documented procedure
Advanced Information Management to Facilitate Munitions Classification
Site Layout and IVS
Lifecycle Information Management
GDC Workflow Quality, efficiency, robust information
management
Acoustic and DGM data Management
Data Processing & Analysis
Target Interrogation
Diver Activities
Map and Report products
Advanced Information Management to Facilitate Integrated UXO Activities
Advanced Information Management to Facilitate Integrated UXO Activities
(1) Project planning and site suitability for sensor platforms
(2) Instrument verification to validate system performance
(3) Geo-registration and analysis of acoustic datasets
(4) HDR MarineMag data collection and dissemination
(5) In-field QC of collected data (6) Production of daily QC reports (7) Tracking anomalies requiring re-
interrogation (8) Off-site anomaly classification (9) QC target selection (10) Intrusive groundtruth collection (11) Data and information presentation for
review and reporting
HDR Geophysical Data Processing
MarineMag Processing
Extends and expands standard processing capabilities
Marine Geophysical Data Eglin AFB Example
Typical magnetic data from Eglin AFB Approximately 30 acres – collected in one day
MultiBeam Sonar
Pier 91
MultiBeam Sonar
■ Purpose Provide high resolution
seafloor bathymetry Accurate basemap for follow-
on registration ■ Technology
Kongsberg EM3002 Mounted ship’s hull, 130
degree coverage Integrated with GPS/attitude
sensor for precise location Phased array receiver collects
multiple across-track beams simultaneously
(~300 kHz) 1 cm depth resolution ~5 cm X,Y resolution
■ Purpose Characterize sediment
conditions Determine depth capable of
supporting MEC/DMM ■ Technology
EdgeTech SB-0512i FM Chirp Waveform Frequency: 500 Hz and 12
kHz Vertical Resolution: 8 to 20
cm Penetration: 20 m to 200 m
depending on bottom type Beamwidth: 16-32 degrees
Sub-Bottom Profiler
Side Scan Sonar
■ Purpose Identify surface targets Object avoidance during other
response actions Situational awareness for
divers ■ Technology
EdgeTech 4200 Across-track resolution 1.5 cm
at 600 kHz Collects ~100m data along
both sides of towfish
HeliMag: Advanced Analysis • Target-specific discrimination based on target
signature analysis • Specific targets of interest (11.5 lb bomb) identified
within the full target data set
Advanced Magnetic Dipole Modeling MarineMag Data Model Data
4.2” Rocket
Residual Signature: Data – Model
“Perfect Fit”
Dipole Modeling • Auto detection
• Anomaly parameters: XY, depth, moment, azimuth, inclination, remanent magnetization
• Analysis performed in UXOLab and HDR.Net software
ROV Example – Debris
10 cm
Integrated Technical Approach ■ Reconnaissance Methods ■ Acoustics
MultiBeam Sonar Side Scan Sonar Stationary Scanning Sonar
■ ROV Applications Target Investigation Visual Search
■ Digital Geophysical Mapping Magnetics via HDR
MarineMag EM via HDR ROVs
■ Surface Clearance via Dive Teams
■ ROV Quality Control
ROV Operations Center
ROV Video
GIS Track Integration Imaging
Sonar
Operator Database
HDR’s Helicopter Detection System HDR HeliMag
• Robust integrated system High-sensitivity
magnetometers Precision positioning /
orientation sensors I High-speed data
acquisition technology • Proven detection capability • Extensive experience
More than 100K acres Over 2 dozen facilities
MMRP: HeliMag Technology Background
Magnetometer Data from Test Plot
Magnetics technology ideal for munitions detection: • High detection rates • Passive instruments • COTS sensors • Centimeter-level positioning accuracy • Automated data modeling for target
characterization (X,Y,Z, and size)
Helicopter Magnetometer Survey MAG Detection Capabilities
Mun
ition
s Di
amet
er (m
m)
UXO Detection Example: 155 mm projectile
detected to 6.5 m AGL
Altitude (m)
HDR HeliMag: Marine Example
Objective: • UXO target detection in complex
marsh environment
Camp Lejeune, NC
Yekau Lake, Alberta
Objective: Lake survey for UXO
target detection
HDR HeliMag: Marine Example
Toussaint River; Wide Area Assessment
Objective: Offshore UXO target
detection and density estimation
HDR HeliMag: Marine Example
Wellers Bay, Ontario Objective: Offshore survey for
UXO target detection
HDR HeliMag: Marine Example