The word combination "new collective" throws me back into confusion and, to be honest, acertain degree of rejection. This phrase brings back to communism, which had being built for threegenerations by Soviet people: voluntary-compulsory communities, communal apartments,community work days; and demonstrations and strikes, alienation and vacuumness caused bythe collapse of the Socialist order. I do not understand why all those had been for a long time:

courtyard , street, city, country, suddenly, almost instantly became ?

And here we come to the dialectical categories " " which are closely related to the theoryof social identity and popularized concept of in-group and out-group by Henry Tayfel. Self is theidentity, group that a person considers him/herself to be a part of (in-group). By contrast, other isidentity, group which is not part of the in-group. is very substantial category defining our attitudeto milieu, acceptance, advocacy, struggle or rejection. What is the effect of these concepts on theformation of communities? What does it mean by " " almost one century years ago, howdid this understanding change after the collapse of the Soviet Union? And, finally, what is the futureof the post-Soviet society in terms of new self ? The represented forms of opposition " ",such as Red revolution, communes, the struggle against capitalism, the Cold War, the atomization ofthe post-Soviet society, pit strikes, concludes that these models look superficially analogous action toprotect their territory from encroachment of individuals, not belonging to the group. It can bedescribed in terms of following tradition, the origin of which is deeper than society itself, because themechanism of discrimination on the basis of belonging to a certain community was formed in thecourse of evolution, from the earliest stages of it.

selfself self self self their

self — other

Self

self — other

self — other

The term is derived from the Latin communitas: the prefix " " signifies " "and , which derives from , meaning " ". Original communes sprang up ascommunities in attempt to defend their values and confront a hostile social environment. In this case

was extended to the whole life of the commune, means, food, and even carried to thepoint of absurdity wives etc.

community com togethermunis munire to defend

self self selfself

NEW COLLECTIVEWHAT IS THE POTENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY AFTER COMMUNISM?

private

self

self

self

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NEW COLLECTIVE. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY AFTER COMMUNISM? 1

ESPAC ESSAYIANA KOZAK

In the 1920th, the idea of house - communes borrowed from the concept of "phalanstery" — a newform of housing where people would be able to accustom themselves to collectivism. They would bereleased from the burdens of domestic work, family ties and all petty and private. It was picked up bythe Young Communist League and aimed to create a "new mass person". The newspaper "NorthKomsomolets", March 2, 1924 wrote: "Young people rather than anyone must and can do away withthe traditions of a dying society ... Proletarian youth collectivism could only be cultivated when laborand life of young people are collective. The best guide of such collectivism can be the dormitorycommune of young workers. First of all, what is necessary for the education of the person iscommon canteen, community of living conditions". However, the collective reached the point ofabsurdity, sending its expansion inwards infringed upon moral, ethical and family foundations.

In the 1960th residential district became a symbol of a new Socialistic space. Microrayon wasplanned as an ideal place for getting private space along with open space for socialization. " "extended up to the immense scale from courtyard, city to country. After the victory in theGreat Patriotic War, " " was left somewhere far away and was almost imperceptible. The stateundertook organization of the communities within enterprises, institutions, clubs, committees. Themain goal was right to merge Soviet people in communist ideology through collective in differentspheres of life. It is appropriate to mention the fragment from the novel by M. Bulgakov 's "Masterand Margarita", when the head of the city's spectacular branch "... had to organize Lermontov studygroup, chess and checkers, ping - pong and riding circles during the year. By summer he threatenedwith a boat racing circle on fresh water and mountaineering circle". As the state had the collective incharge it was taken as a matter of course.

Selfself self self

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NEW COLLECTIVE. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY AFTER COMMUNISM?2

NEW COLLECTIVE. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY AFTER COMMUNISM?

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, total atomization, migration , loss of trust to the state andloss of ideology led to the alienation of citizens: other begins out of doors. An areal of "self" shrankto the borders of "private": apartments, cars, dachas, business; because to possess self is more safethan possess unreliable other . As a result, person moves in other space to get quickly from "self" to"self". In the morning, he or she wakes up in self room, leaves self apartment, takes self car, drivesto self office, in the evening returns to self home again; on the weekend it is better to go to selfdacha.

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As the consequence, a sense of belonging to the courtyard, city, country has practicallydisappeared. Let's look at this in detail. Communist ideology was carrying features such asintegration, mobilizing and orientation. But the main mistake was made by emphasizing on theeconomy and the sphere of consumption and distribution of goods. Incorrect conclusion consisted inthe assumption that economic model is the key factor to determine the level of development ofsociety and civilization. In fact, the main determinant of the development of civilization and humansociety is to change the system of values. The collapse of the Soviet Union just showedunderdevelopment of values lowered from the top down, that is, passive consumption and replication— everybody is for himself. Traditions and foundations carried more formal bureaucratic characterand were so connected with the economic sphere. Then the system collapsed, it caused the collapseof socio -cultural bureaucratic skeleton locating person in society. An individual suddenly lost hisplace, and was forced to fight, often violating rights, law and morality. This trend is clearly seen ongraph of crime rating recorded from 198 to 20 .

registered crimes, thousandsregistered crimes per 100.000 peopletheft,% of total number of crimescrimes related to drugs,%

Reported crime statistics in RSSR/ Russsinan federation.1985-2011

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NEW COLLECTIVE. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY AFTER COMMUNISM?4

On the other hand, physical urban space with the prevailing standard of microrayon structure ofurban environment to some extent exacerbated the degree of alienation. In reality, we find ourselvesin a desert macro-space, often passing yard. It brings down a person to micro-scale. Recollectingmyself, hard to position yourself in such neighborhood: where " " and where " ". Furtherdegradation of public spaces of neighborhood — sports, playgrounds, places of communication —because of its draw, has driven us in a comfort zone of our apartment. In addition to this, peoplehaving lost their " " or being dissatisfied with its quality formed gangs, opposition groups splashedaggression or stole new " ".

self other

selfself

Desperately ignoring uncomfortable public space residents put a lot of effort on furnishing their livesand personal space: life is in the interior. Private space is to be important existed "for themselves", orfor escaping between the walls and things, "Fortress of life". Demonstrative in respect of this issuper-developed repair industry: put armored door, lattices at windows, set up repair in "European"style etc. However, by the effort focused on supplying security of " " world, there were providedbasic safeguards that, by default, were taken by the state.

self

And what is now? Now we often see fenced off courtyards: narrow corridors between the plots.Residents shut oneself off forming a kind of "Gated community". Another option is having enoughmoney to buy or build a private house in a gated suburban settlement. But here we face double"Gated community": the permit system regulates access to the territory of the settlement, but theresidents continue to mark "self" fences. This situation leads to segregation, division of society andinaccessibility. At the same time, people adapt built environment by visualizing the boundaries of" ". That is all that goes into these boundaries is not foreign, subconsciously causes no danger,and consequently a sense of tension is relaxing. Another point, it is a voluntary collective decision ofthe people meaning the beginning of an interaction. Any person being in my comfort zone is not ofconcern, because we made " " space together, I can say hello, smile , exchange a few words ....that is already a dialogue.

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suggested

Further development of " " goes beyond the isolation of local communities but throughdesign implemented via brand strategy. For instance, I open my laptop, check the news, subscribe tothe upcoming events in social networks, join groups, debate, share self experiences, etc. This isprecisely the expansion of far beyond my . Such virtual now increasingly translates intotangible positive interventions such as restaurant day, park(ing) day, partizanning. Of course, thesimplicity of virtual communication can be directed to the aggressive form. But just the whole trick isto promote human friendly brands as much as possible.

What will happen to the community? To see the world in a pink color is not peculiar to me. But whenI see this still weak, but developing community, it makes me smile. Being positive, I clearly see apicture of how the local community by spreading farther " " and interfering with others " "interact at the intersection of interests and values. The Internet is a mediator between differentgroups. Firstly, it maps various groups, : makes them visible. It initially promotes interactionvirtually: the virtual is less of concern. Secondly, it gives an opportunity to interact. For instance,being a member of some Facebook group, few more I might be interested in are usually .Then physical interaction comes as meetings, events, workshops, social projects: step by stepcontaminating the city. So, the need for fences and gates will go with the lapse of time.

However, there is another scenario. Building of trust and tolerance depends on the position of theauthorities. If the authorities are indulging cultural, ethnic inequality, in this case, the virtual solidaritycan lead to conflicts within society, and sometimes against the government itself. Conflicts in turnundermine confidence and reduce the level of security in the physical space. So, it is quite fragileand unstable mechanism: it all depends on the charge that we will transmit.

self — other

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NEW COLLECTIVE. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY AFTER COMMUNISM? 5

Community comes not from the conventional idea of the city as a totality — as a single substancewhich is then divided by the corresponding parts — but from continuum of different situations. Forthe last century society have passed through different levels of Self : from defence to contamination,from o = , which influenced on the forming of collective I believe that we donot need the 4th century to remove fences and walls. The most important thing is not to forciblybreak down the physical boundaries yet. It is easy to destroy, but to build trust again much moredifficult.

self = private self common