new college english （ second edition) integrated course 1 unit 5 unit 5 work to live or live to...

New College English （ Second Edition) Integrated Course 1

Unit 5Unit 5Work to Live or Live to Work to Live or Live to WorkWork

College of Foreign Languages 外国语学院

Objectives

Time Allotment

Key Points

Assignment

Teaching methods

Unit 5 Work to Live or Live to WorkUnit 5 Work to Live or Live to Work

Text AText A

The Glorious Messiness of EnglishThe Glorious Messiness of English

Students will be able to:Grasp the main idea (the author tries to define a typical workaholic in the American corporate world with the story of Phil ) and structure of the text ;

•Appreciate the writing strategy and style demonstrated in Text A (to set the tone of irony by choice of words, selection of details, use of quotation marks,etc);

•Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text and learn how to use them in context;

•Understand the cultural background related to the content •Express themselves more freely on the theme of Work to Live or Live to Work after doing a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.

ObjectivesObjectives

Time AllotmentTime Allotment

1st period—2nd period: Pre-reading; While-reading

3rd period—4th period: While-reading

5th period—6th period: While-reading; Post-reading

7th period—8th period: Post-reading; Theme-related language learning tasks

9th period—10th period: Listening and speaking

Key PointsKey Points

Words ： acquaintance beloved classic compete embarrass executive favorite finance inquiry instantly manufacture married monthly odd option replace replacement retire stock survive

Expressions: and (all) that ask around care for die of give up grab at look (sb.) in the eye pick out stay up straighten out

Structure: the + adj. Writing: Learn to write “a Letter of Sympathy of Condolence”

Teaching methods and aidsTeaching methods and aids

Task-based approach, whole language methods and computer assisted instruction

AssignmentsAssignments

1. Language focus （ P133-138 ）2. Home reading: Exercise for Text B (P140- 142) New College English Watch, Listen and Read 1: Reading3. Home listening: College English listening 3: Unit 9-124. Writing: Transfer information into written (or spoken) language

The Company ManThe Company Man

Teaching Procedure

Pre-class Activities

Pre-reading Activities

While-reading Activities

Post-readingActivities


Pre-class activities

Warm-up Questions

Cultural Notes &

Background Information


1. Work to live or live to work ？ Why? 2. Please read through section A, unit 5. Highlight new words and expressions in your textbook while reading. Remember, you should learn the sample sentences, instead of meaning and form of each word carefully; 3. Work with one of your neighbors on your questions. If necessary, use QQ to post your questions to the instructor;

Warm-up Questions

4. Please work in group. Access the following websites, watch and read the assigned clips and articles. You will be required to summarize what you have watched and read in the clips and articles. Your brief report should last 3-5 minutes and every student should have a minimum of 3 lines. http://www.en8848.com.cn/tingli/video/mrftl/153213.htmlhttp://www.tingroom.com/lesson/spoken/1902.htmlhttp://www.articlesbase.com/self-help-articles/how-to-maintain-worklife-balance-391804.htmlhttp://so.360.cn/s?q=How+to+maintain+a+proper+work%2Dlife+balance%3F&src=se_addr&ie=utf-8

Warm-up Questions

Warm-up Questions

5. Discussion Forum: (within 50 words/to give a few words) Topic: How to maintain a proper work-life balance?

About the Author

Workaholics

Type A Behavior

Cultural NotesCultural Notes

About the author

• Ellen Goodman (1941~ ) was born in Massachusetts and graduated from Radcliffe College. She worked for Newsweek and the Detroit Free Press before joining The Boston Globe in 1967. Her column “At Large” has been widely syndicated since 1976. As an essayist and television commentator, Goodman has discussed feminism, changes in family life, sexual harassment, and male and female relationships.

(1941-)

About the Author

Her essays have been collected in several books,

including Close to Home (1979), Turning Points (1979)

and At Large (1981). In 1980, Goodman received the Pulitzer Prize for Distinguished Commentary. Among other awards

she has won are the American Society of Newspaper

Editors Distinguished Writing Award and the Hubert

H.Humphrey Civil Rights Award. The National Women’s PoliticalCaucus gave her the President’s Award, and the Women’s Research and Education Institute

presented her with their American Woman Award.

Workaholics

Origin of WorkaholicTime Development

In 1891

In the 1960s

Alcoholic was first attested.

A whole new category of taking “-holic” as a suffix meaning “addict” followed.

“ Workaholic” was first announced. In 1968

Workaholics

Origin of WorkaholicTime Development

In 1971

In the 1970s

The use of workaholic prompted many writers to start using the suffixes “-aholic”, “-holic”, or “-oholic” to describe “all-consuming obsessions”. More “–holic” words appeared.

Type A Behavior

This is a behavior pattern associated with individuals who are impatient, excessively time-conscious, insecure about their status, highly competitive, hostile and aggressive, and incapable of relaxation. They are often high achieving workaholics who multi-task, drive themselves with deadlines, and are unhappy about the smallest of days.

Pre-reading Activities

English Poem – The Wasted Tears

Enjoy a Poem The Wasted Tears

Questions and Answers

The Wasted Tears by Rajaram Ramachandran

They were newly married couple,A few days went on with no .As days passed on, he never turned,While for his love, her heart .

She wore daily the best of robes,Diamonds in her ear lobes,But he had his mind on his work.And wasn’t to have a look.


____

trouble_______

yearned_______

_______sparkled

keen

Her heart, one day, nearly ,But it was saved from a stroke.With tears she stood before him,He saw her face-glow gone dim.

Deeply in his work,He was up to his desk.Elsewhere was his mind The reason for tears to find.

Suddenly, his mind woke up.He , drop by drop,In a test tube all her tears,And mixed some .

_____broke

_________engrossed_____stuck

________collected

_______powders


Oh, I found out, my dear,It is nothing but saline water. So said the husband,Still tied up, work bound.

________scientist


Questions and Answers

Her husband was so engrossed in his work that she felt neglected and lonely.

2. What is her husband’s job?A scientist.


1. Why did the newly married wife feel very sad?

3. What did the husband do with her tears?He collected all her tears drop by drop in a test tube, mixed some powders and finally found out it was nothing but saline water.

4. Is the husband a workaholic?Yes, of course.


While-reading While-reading ActivitiesActivities

Phase 1Phase 1 Phase 2Phase 2 Phase 3Phase 3

Content Exploring&

Writing Strategies

Content Exploring&

Writing Strategies

T Checks on Ss about

Their Autonomous

Learning.

Text Organization

Skim the whole text and decide whether the following statements are true or false according to Text A.

2.The company had extended the four-day week for everyone in the company.

The company had extended the four-day week for everyone but the executives.

Skimming and ScanningSkimming and Scanning

1. Phil was one of the six vice-presidents of a largecorporation and one of the three promising

candidates whomight succeed to the position of the president.

( )T

( )F

3. In order to have some physical exercise, Phil played golf each month.

The monthly golf game offered him a good opportunity to talk or do business.

4. Phil was overweight by 20 or 25 pounds and he did not realize that he was a heart-attack natural.

Skimming and ScanningSkimming and Scanning

( )F

( )T

Parts Paragraphs

Main Ideas

1 1-3

2 4 -6

3

4 13-16

Text OrganizationText Organization

Introductory part. This part reports the

sudden death of Phil. This part describes Phil’s

devotion to work regardless of his health.

In this part, Phil’s role in family, his relationship with his wife and his children is described.

7-12

The author restates the cause of Phi’s death, and the president’s tendency in his choice of a successor to Phil.

Scan Text A to find out “how does the writer show a typical workaholic Phil?”

Further Understanding:


The writer gives a list of supporting details to show a typical workaholic Phil’s.

List all the details to show a typical workaholic Phil in terms of his relation with his family members.

Continued

Family member Details

Complete neglect his wife

Total neglect his eldest son


1. She had given up trying to compete with his work years ago when the children were small.

2. She must have given up part of herself which had cared too much for the man.

Knowing little about his father, his eldest son researched his father in the neighborhood before the funeral.

Family member Details

Complete neglect his daughter

Total neglect his youngest son


Whenever she was alone with her father, they had nothing to say to each other.

1. Knowing little about his father, his eldest son researched his father in the neighborhood before the funeral. 2. It was only over the last two years that Phil began to worry about his youngest son.

Part IIPart II

Part IPart IPart IIIPart III

•Para 4-6

•Para 1-3•Para 7-12

Group Discussion

Content Exploring & Writing StrategiesContent Exploring & Writing Strategies

Part IV Part IV

•Para 13-16

Discuss Para 1--3 and finish the following tasks:


Questions:1.What can you learn from the first paragraph ?

The 1st paragraph “He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at 3:00 A.M. Sunday morning. ” provides information concerning “who”, “what”, “how” and “when”

A



Questions:2. What are the functions of the two adverbs “finally and precisely” in the first paragraph ?

“Finally ” suggests the tragic ending of Phil. “Precisely” highlights the exact time of Phi’s death, thus stressing his devotion to work.

A



Questions:3. The author doesn’t tell the reader the name of Phil until the end of Para.3. And she doesn’t supply Phil’s last name or the name of the company he works for throughout the essay. Why doe the author do so?

By doing so the author may be intending to signal to readers that she is more concerned with defining the company man as a type of person than in talking about

unique characteristics of Phil as a particular person

A

Writing strategy--Repetition


B

He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at 3:00 A.M. Sunday morning. (Para.1, 3,15)

The writer repeats this sentence three times in this text to emphasize that he devoted all his energy to work and everything else was secondary to that. Such repetition helps set the sardonic tone of the essay.



Questions: What did weekends mean to Phil?

To Phil weekends mean that he can wear a sports jacket to the office instead of a suit.

A

Writing strategy: Use of figures

He was, however, one of six vice-presidents, and one of three who might conceivably — if the president died or retired soon enough — have moved to the top spot. (Para.3)

He worked six days a week, five of them until eight or nine at night, during a time when his own company had begun the four-day week for everyone but the executives (Para. 4)

He had a lot of people working for him, maybe sixty, and most of them liked him most of the time. Three of them will be seriously considered for his job. (Para.6)


B

In this essay, many figures are used to reveal how cruel the competition in the workplace is, which helps set bitter tone of the essay.


C Structure

1. He worked like the Important People.

What can you infer from the sentence?

He voluntarily worked overtime because all the executives in the company considered themselves too important a group to be allowed to ease up.


C Structure

2. He had no outside “extracurricular interests,” unless, of course, you think about a monthly golf game that way. To Phil, it was work.

For what purpose did he play golf monthly?

The monthly golf game offered him a good opportunity to talk or do business.



Questions:

1. Why did Phil’s wife hide her bitterness in face of the company president at the funeral?

Because she would need him to straighten out the finances — the stock options and all that

A



Questions:

2.What did she mean when she answered “I already have”?

Being a workaholic, Phil spent little time at home before he died. His wife had missed him long before he died.

A


Writing strategy: Use of quotation marks

“survivors” (Para. 7)“well taken care of” (Para. 8)“dearly beloved” (Para. 9)

The author puts them in quotation marks for

emphasis or irony, which helps set ironic tone of

the essay.

B


C Structure

1. A company friend said, “I know how much you will

miss him.” And she answered, “I already have.”Why did Phil’s wife say so?

Being a workaholic, Phil spent little time at home before he died. His wife had missed him long before he died.


C Structure

2. The youngest is twenty, a boy, a high-school graduate who has spent the last couple of years, like a lot of his friends, doing enough odd jobs to stay in grass and food.

For what purpose did he play golf monthly?

His youngest son failed to go in for a college education and did no more than odd jobs to get enough money for marijuana and food.


C Structure

3. He was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home.

Why did Phil’s youngest son try to “grab at his father”?

The workaholic Phil never paid enough attention to the growth and education of his youngest son. His son longed for his love and care.



Questions:

What is the implication of the ending

It implies the story of Phil sees no end. He will soon be replaced by an equally hardworking guy who ay follow in his steps and repeat the same tragedy. Boss are always on the lookout for workaholics and they are never in short supply. The ending is full of sarcasm and bitterness.

A


B Structure :the +adj.

2. The +adj. also can be used to refer to a particular person or persons.

e.g. The accused was acquitted of the charge.

• The + adj. can be used to refer to all people of a particular type.

e.g. The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. The old are more likely to catch cold than the

young.

Post-reading Activities

Group discussion: Brainstorm

Autonomous Learning

Group discussion:

Post-reading ActivitiesPost-reading Activities

Career or family: Which is more important?

Post-reading ActivitiesPost-reading Activities

Autonomous Learning

A. Pre-lesson tasks (1) What is your opinion about Romances?(2) Do you think that cyber love is believable and reliable? Why or why not ?

B. Read and learn Words and Phrases to Drill (Page 160) by heart, and try to use them.

C. Group work: Read Text A to get a general idea about it, and try to find some problems.

Language Points

precisely: adv.

1. exactly; just

Planes fly daily over regular routes with timetable precisely.

Scientists do not yet know precisely how insects can produce their toxic defensive chemicals without poisoning themselves.Since his own ideas were in flux, it is difficult to know precisely where he stood.

Language PointsLanguage Points

每辆卡车装载的用品恰好是每个部队所需要的。

Every lorry indeed is packed with precisely the articles which each unit will require.

2. quite so

— So you think it was a mistake?— Precisely.


CF:

从以上句子不难看出：在“死于疾病方面”，从癌症到心脏病到艾滋病、肺病等， of 和 from 都可搭配，可以说是通用的。并不像传统上所说的 of 才可以和疾病搭配。

die of & die from 均含“死于… …”之意。His sister had died of cancer.More than 15,000 women in Britain die from breast cancer, and about 2000 from cancer f the cervix.She did eventually die of heart attack, but it was nothing to do with LuckSmokers are twice as likely to die from heart disease than non-smokers.The CDC says men who smoke are 22 times more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers. 600 000 people die of lung cancer in China annually


CF:

从以上句子不难看出：在“死于饥渴与寒冷方面”， of 和 from 也都可搭配，二者都通用的。

die of & die from 均含“死于… …”之意。

In the developing countries, more than 10 million people die from hunger or malnutrition every year.Often there are people who die of hunger and exposure in the street. A large of number of his men died from hunger and thirst.Many people die of starvation during famines every year.


CF:

从以上句子看出：二者都可用于“受伤、劳累过度而死”。


The soldier died from a wound in the breast.He died of gunshot wounds.The engineer died from overwork.A few days ago, a 25 - year - old young people in Huawei died of overwork


CF:

die of 多用于因悲伤、失望等情感因素（内部因素）造成的死亡


She was homesick for Vienna. She felt she would die of misery.They were much more like to commit suicide or die of despair."And if there is a way, " he added, "I will find my brothers. For my father will surely die of grief if I do not.And then afterwards he said to me, it will always be difficult, but if you cry like this every time, you will die of heartbreak.


CF:

die from 多用于外部因素（死于外力、事故等）造成的死亡。


The old man died from a traffic accident ．Did you know that more people die from heat stress than hurricanes and earthquakes combined?I saw a hundred children die of fire.


acquaintance: n.

1. a relationship with someone you know, but who is not a close friend

I have a nodding acquaintance with German.

Our mere acquaintance ripened into friendship. 我与他素昧平生。

I have never made his acquaintance.

She recalled the past, trying to bring back to her memory incidents of their old acquaintance.

2. person whom one knows (less intimately than a friend)

She is an old acquaintance of my sister.

He has a wide circle of acquaintances.

Collocation:

make sb.’s acquaintance

drop an acquaintance

have a casual acquaintance

renew an acquaintance

结识某人断绝往来半生不熟重建友谊

词缀 – aholic ， -holic ， -oholic 在某些词后面表示“沉溺于，无法摆脱”的意思。如： shop-aholic ，golf-aholic ， tobaccoholic 等。

workaholic: n. a person who likes to work too hard or is unable to stop working

He was a lifelong workaholic, who painted dawn to dusk seven days a week. In America, it is generally believed that being a workaholic is unhealthy and harmful.A group of Japanese men hope to encourage workaholic husbands to head home early and show their wives some appreciation.

N.B.


classic:

1. adj. Of the highest quality; having a value or position recognized and unquestioned

It is very interesting for a Chinese to read an English translated version of the Chinese classic novel The Dream of Red Mansions.

The 7-Eleven chain is the classic example of convenience store.


2. n.

1) writer, artist, book, etc. of the highest class

Charles Dickens is a classic.

2) outstanding example of its kindMy watchband is a classic made in 1960 by Robinsons.He’s hoping that tomorrow’s game will be a classic.


day off: day on which one does not have to work

On my day off, I’ll fix the tipsy fence.

It felt like a big sick joke when the company made us work on our day off.

There were many Chinese workers on a day off, all looking cheerful and healthy.

下次休假时，我再来看你。 I’ll come over to see you on my next day off.


retire: v. (cause to) stop working at one’s job, usu. because of age (followed by from)

Workers in China can all get a pension after they retire.The school had to employ the retired teachers to give classes.He will retire from his job next year and take things easy.


executive: 1. adj. having the power to make and carry out decisions, esp. in business

He has been given full executive power. The US Constitution vests the executive power in the President. 美国总统是政府的行政首脑。

The President of the United States is the executive head of the government.


2. n. person with administrative or managerial powers

She’s an executive in a computer company.

The executive has been making decisions about the future of the company.


survive: v. continue to live or exist; live longer than; remain alive after

Will the Lunar New Year survive modern living and competing influences?

In order to survive and develop in the future, we must seize this rare opportunity.

这次地震中一家人都幸免于难 , 真是九死一生。It is a narrow escape that the whole family survive the earthquake.


survive, continue, remain & lastCF:

这些词都是动词，都含有“继续存在”、“经受住”的意思。 survive 可作及物和不及物动词，含有“幸免于难”、“平安度过”之意。continue 为中性词，且不带任何感情色彩，指从开始到结束之间的任何延伸过程。remain 指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。last 即“持续”、“经受住”之意，特指某事物继续存在，或最为普通意义上的时间持续。


Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. Ten of them the shipwreck. 2. Little of the building after the explosion. 3. She is fond of perfume with the scent that a

long time. 4. He reading when I spoke to him. 5. It is believed that usually women men.

survived_______remained________

lasts____

continued_________survive______

CF: survive, continue, remain & last


compete: vi. try to win sth. by defeating others who are trying to do the same

Athletes will compete against each other according to the knockout system.

John competed for a place at school, but he didn’t get in.

We must strive to fully equip ourselves to seize new opportunities and to compete successfully in the global market as we enter this new era.


虽然只有四匹马竞争，但比赛很精彩。Although there were only four horses competing, it was an exciting race.

Pattern:compete against (with) 与…竞争compete for 为…竞争compete in 在…中竞争


beloved: 1. adj. dearly loved

He never recovered from the death of his beloved daughter.This man was beloved by / of all who knew him.Every lover sees a thousand graces in the beloved object.情人眼里出西施。

2. n. dearly loved person

I received a dozen roses from my beloved on my birthday.

He wrote a sonnet to his beloved.


embarrass: vt. make (sb.) feel awkward or ashamed

I’m so sorry to embarrass you in front of your friends.

He was very embarrassed to hear people speak so highly of him.

Eye contact may convey sincerity and attentiveness in Western cultures, but too much eye contact may embarrass people in some oriental cultures.这是一个尴尬的局面 , 但是他们成功地应付过去了。

It was an embarrassing situation, but they carried it off well.


odd: adj.1. strange; unusualWe always meet in odd circumstances.

She gets odder as she grows older.Don’t you think it odd that the famous pop

singer should have committed suicide?2. separated from its pair or set

There was nothing but an odd shoe under the old man’s bed.

3. (of numbers) unable to be divided by two

1, 3, 5 are odd numbers.


CF: strange, odd, peculiar & eccentric

这些形容词均含有“奇怪的、奇异的、新奇的”之意。strange 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生、新奇、奇怪或不自然的人或物。例如：

The doctor thought her strange behaviour was caused by stress. 医生认为她那奇怪的举止是由于紧张所致。

odd 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。例如： He is rather an odd man.

他是个颇为古怪的人。


peculiar 常含有令人不快的“奇怪”、“奇异”之意；侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性。例如：

This food has got a peculiar taste. 这食物味道怪异。

eccentric 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。例如： If you go to the party in slippers, you will be considered rather eccentric.

如果你穿着拖鞋出席舞会的话，人们会认为你有些古怪。

CF:


grab: 1. v. take roughly, snatch eagerly

Since the late 15th century, Western colonialists started to grab and conquer colonies in a big way.The boy grabbed at any excuse to avoid doing dishes. 他抓住了去美国的机会。

He grabbed the chance to go to the US.

Collocation:

grab a chance grab a seat grab at sb. / sth.

抓住机会强占座位试图抓住…；抢夺…


2. n. a sudden attempt to seize sth.

The boy made a grab at the frog, but it jumped away.

他一把抓住柜台上的钱。He made a grab at the money on the counter.


board: v.1. get into (a ship or public vehicle)

We decided spontaneously to board a train for Geneva.

Before boarding the plane, Jenny tried once more to call home.

2. get or supply meals and lodging for payment

I have to board the dog out while I’m away on business.She arranged to board some students from the universities. 膳宿费一天要多少 ?

How much is boarding and lodging a day?


My uncle is ready to cover my boarding and lodging as well as other living expenses.

N.B.

形近词比较：

aboard prep. / adv. 在（车、船、飞机）上abroad adv. 在国外board n. 木板； vt. 登上（船、飞机等）broad adj. 宽的，辽阔的；宽容的


aboard, abroad, board, broad

Put into each gap one of the above words.

1. The job involves working three months each year.

2. The minister has views and does not insist that

everyone believe just as he does. 3. When everybody was on , the ship sailed. 4. John has never been a plane.

abroad______broad_____

board_____aboard______


decease: vi. diethe deceased: n. the dead person

The property should be inherited by the children of the deceased.

The deceased willed his vast estate to his daughters.

The goals and purposes for cloning range from making copies of those deceased to better engineering the offspring in humans and animals.


CF ：die, decease, perish & vanish 这些动词均有“死”或“死亡”之意。

die 最普通用词，指某人或某物失去生命而永远不存在。例如： I might as well die as marry him.

与其嫁给他，我倒不如死了算了。decease 正式用词，多指法律上的用语，只适用于人。例如：

The deceased left a large sum of money to his wife. 死者给他的妻子留下了一大笔钱。


perish 书面用词，多指夭折或不幸暴亡。例如： Hundreds of sheep perished that year because of drought. 那年数以百计的羊因干旱而死亡。

vanish 指某物绝迹、不存在或化为乌有。例如： Many kinds of animals have vanished from the earth. 许多种动物已经在地球上灭绝了。

CF ：


look sb. in the eye: look directly and without fear at someone who is nearThere is a saying in English, “Don’t trust anyone

who won’t look you in the eye.”She knew he was lying because he couldn’t look her in the eye.他是个有高度道德原则的人，无论对谁都可以问心无愧。 He is a person of high moral principles, who can look anyone straight in the eye.

They want to look you in the eye to demonstrate interest in the discussion and to show that they are honest and sincere.


bitterness: n. feelings of anger, sorrow, disappointment, etc.This legendary man has endured almost all the

bitterness of human life. When you harbor bitterness, happiness will dock elsewhere.

叫苦连天 One’s cry for bitterness is heavenly high.

苦中作乐忆苦思甜

悲喜交集

seek happiness from bitterness

contrast past bitterness with present happiness

Happiness is dashed with bitterness.


straighten out: settle (sth.) by removing the confusions or difficulties in it; put right

You should straighten out your confused thinking.

His business affairs are in a terrible mess; they will take ages to straighten out.

Through the reform, we intend to straighten out the relationship between the rule of law and the rule of man.


finances: n. the amount of money owned by a person, government, or business

She refused to answer questions about her personal finances.

I’m afraid my finances won’t run to a holiday abroad this year.

当然，这事是否能成功取决于你的经济状况。

Whether it can be done or not depends, of course, on your finances.


Collocation:

national / public / state finances

high finance

an expert in finance

the Minister of Finance

国家财政

巨额融资

财政专家

财政部长


option: n.1. the right to buy or sell sth. in the future

With cash, stock options and the promise of vast resources, Microsoft has attracted faculty elites to its research center.琼斯已取得那幢房子的买卖权。

Jones has taken an option on that house.

2. sth. you can choose to do

Analysts say that the launch of the euro offers a new and attractive option.


option, choice & alternative 这些名词均含有“选择”之意。 option 着重特别给予的选择权，所选物常常相互排斥。 choice 侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。 alternative 指在相互排斥的两者之间进行选择，也可指在两者以上中进行选择。

She has the option of entering graduate school or starting her professional career.

机会总是留给有准备的人。 There are various options open to someone who is well prepared.

CF:


Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. Now you know all the facts, you can make an informed

. 2. There must be a(n) to people sleeping

on the streets. 3. They didn’t leave him many — either he

paid or they’d beat him up. 4. I’d prefer not to work but I don’t have much

. 5. I’m afraid I have no but to ask you to

leave.

choice______alternative__________

options_______

choice______alternative__________

CF: option, choice & alternative


and all that: and similar things

He looked very smart, very gentlemanly, and all that.Mary likes to eat fruit — strawberries and all that.

随着年龄的增长，我逐渐遇到各种不良行为的诱惑，如吸毒、酗酒，凡此种种。While growing up, I was surrounded with temptations to commit misdeeds like drugs, alcohol and all that. Our apartments are perfect in every detail — hot

and cold water, private baths, special hall service for every floor, elevators, and all that.


She picked out a bottle of wine that she particularly liked.

pick out:1. choose

I’m going to pick out a few books for my friend in Shanghai.

2. distinguish from surrounding persons, objects, etc.At once I picked out my elder sister in the crowd.

他的房子有一扇黑色的大门，很容易从其余的房子中区别出来。His house is easily picked out from the rest for it has a large black door.


When walking in the company of other men, there must be one I can learn something from. I shall pick out his merits to follow and his shortcomings for reference to overcome my own.

三人行 , 必有我师焉。择其善者而从之 , 其不善者而改之。


Collocation:

pick and steal

pick out

pick up

pick up with

扒窃

选择

拾起

在偶然机会认识


inquiry: n. request for help or information; investigation

I am making some inquiries about the train schedule.

I suggest that you make a careful inquiry into the damage once again.

I advise you make thorough inquiry about the enterprise before you embark on it.

Collocation:

inquiry about

inquiry into

on inquiry

请求帮助；询问调查；查究经打听；经询问


replacement: n. person or thing that replaces another

A good deal of old equipment needed junking and replacement.

Robot hands are a replacement for human hands, and wheels from a car are a replacement for human feet.凡本店售出的商品一律承诺包退包换包赔。 Our shop sells goods with three guarantees: refund, replacement or compensation.


Collocation:

replacement worker

replacement ticket

replacement of defective items

顶替工补票劣品包换


Alcoholic, the parent of all addictive words, has been with us for over a century. It was first attested in 1891. In the 1960s, someone had the idea of taking “-holic” as a suffix meaning “addict”, and a whole new category of addictions followed. One of the first and most important is “workaholic”, which was announced in the 1968. The appearance of “workaholic” in a book named Confessions of a Workaholic in 1971 propelled that term and prompted many writers to start using the suffixes “-aholic”, “-holic”, or “-oholic” to describe “all-consuming obsessions,” not all of them so serious.

Origin of Workaholic

new college english （ second edition) integrated course 1 unit 5 unit 5 work to live or live to...

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