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New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern Kentucky William M. Andrews Jr. John D. Kiefer Matthew M. Crawford Dr. James C. Cobb, Director and State Geologist

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Page 1: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigationin Eastern Kentucky

William M. Andrews Jr.John D. Kiefer

Matthew M. Crawford

Dr. James C. Cobb, Director and State Geologist

Page 2: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Slemp LandslideApril 2006Perry County

Page 3: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Alluvial fans / debris flow fansJohnson County

Page 4: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Landslide Vulnerability Score60 - 8545 - 6030 - 4515 - 305 - 15

Data courtesy of R.J. Human, University of Louisville,Center for Hazards Research And Policy Development

Landslide Hazards in KentuckyKentucky State Hazards Mitigation Plan

Page 5: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

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# Rockfall projects# Landslide projects

Data courtesy of Geotechnical Branch,Kentucky Transportation Cabinet

Rock Falls and Debris10,000 - 75,7211,000 - 10,0008 - 1,000

Slides and Sinkholes10,000 - 94,8891,000 - 10,0002 - 1,000

Data courtesy of Geotechnical Branch,Kentucky Transportation Cabinet

Highway Maintenance Costs ($ per mile)2005-06

Kentucky Transportation Cabinet data are used with limited permission, and are for internal use only. Any sharing of the information outside of KGS or USGS through reports, presentation or data transfer will require written approval from the KTC.

Page 6: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Eastern Kentucky Landslide Overview

Topography: steep, narrow, dissected

Bedrock: coal measures, laterally variable lithologies

Structure: generally flat-lying strata, regional and local fractures

Hydrology: complex, controlled by coal beds and fractures

Processes: debris flows/avalanches, slides/slumps, creep, rock fall

Costs: extensive, significant, prohibitive

Page 7: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Eastern Kentucky landscapePerry County

Page 8: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Eastern Kentucky stratigraphy

Page 9: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Failure along bedrock jointFloyd County

Photos courtesy ofKentucky Transportation Cabinet

Page 10: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Generalized landscape modelEastern Kentucky coal field

allu

vium

residuum

sandstoneshale

coal

shallow fracturesdeepfractures(tectonic?)

colluvium

colluvium

Page 11: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Conceptual groundwater flowEastern Kentucky coal field

Modified from Wunsch, 1993

Page 12: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Conceptual groundwater flowEastern Kentucky coal field

Modified from Wunsch, 1993

Page 13: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Homeowner-Scale Drainage Issues

Not mappable at 1:24,000

Page 14: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Landslide MappingEastern Kentucky

PreviousNewell (1977): surficial geologyNewell (1978): application for land-use planningOuterbridge (1979): landslide map (inventory)

New/FutureNew surficial geologic mappingDerivative maps for land-use planningEngineering geologic map

GIS-based modeling

Digital data deliveryUser-education workshops

Page 15: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Landslide map from aerial imagery: esp. slumps, debris-flow chutes, highwallsOuterbridge, 1979

Page 16: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Mapping concept of Newell (1977)

From Newell, 1978

Page 17: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use
Page 18: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use
Page 19: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use
Page 20: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

KY Hwy 7Depth to Bedrock study area

Page 21: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use
Page 22: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Surficial Geology: colluvium, alluvium, residuum, surface cutsUpdated from Newell (1977)

Page 23: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Map for Land-Use Planning

Page 24: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Surficial geology as base

Landslide inventory

Debris-flow chutes

Springs

Coal beds

Depth to bedrock

Depth to water

Page 25: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

KentuckyGeological SurveyU NIVER SITY O F KENTUC KY

Fracture mappingSurficial geologic mapping

Land-use Derivatives

Real-time monitoring?Engineering geology maps

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Program Relationships

Page 26: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Eastern Kentucky landscapeHazard, Perry County

Page 27: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Debris flows and slumps in the landscape: trends in locationHazard, Perry County

Page 28: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Surficial geology on landscapeHazard, Perry County

Page 29: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Landslides and surficial geologyHazard, Perry County

Page 30: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Empirical susceptibility model on landscapeHazard, Perry County

Page 31: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Audiences and Products

Geological maps: for geologistsGeologic quadranglesSurficial geology

Derivative maps: for non-geological audiencesEngineering geology (technical audience)Land-use map (less technical audience)

Web Products: increased user accessDigital delivery of data sets and static mapsInteractive map and data servers

Page 32: New Geologic Mapping for Landslide Mitigation in Eastern ... · Landslide Mapping Eastern Kentucky Previous Newell (1977): surficial geology Newell (1978): application for land-use

Photo courtesy ofKy Transportation Cabinet

Questions?

William AndrewsKy Geological [email protected]