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Hello! 2 nd year Sec. – Unit 1 UNI T 1 Key Vocab: air conditioning (n.) ف ي كي ت واء ه ل اtrain (v.) (n.) طار / ق درب تcivil engineer (n.) دس ن ه م ي ن مدoperation (n.) ة ي ل م عdelegation(n. ) د وفqualify(v.) ل ه* ا ن ي ل ه* ؤ ي/ grandchildren (n.) اد ف اsurgeon (n.) راح جresearch (n.) 4 حاب ب* اheart transplant (n.) راعة ر ب ل فuniform (n.) ى ر ي م س رheart surgery (n.) راحة ج ب ل فcount (v.) عد يtransplant centre (n.) ز ك ر م راعة ز ل اء ض ع* الأretire (v.) اعد ف ي يretirement age (n.) J ن س اعد ف ي ل اVocabulary: leader د* ات فfood shortage ص ق ي اء د ع ل اleadership ادة ن قqualities ماب س اب ف ص/ spelling اء ح هvillage ة زي ق1

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Page 1: New Hello unit 1.doc

Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1

UNIT 1 Key Vocab:

air conditioning (n.)

الهواء تكييف train (v.) (n.) يدرب/ قطار

civil engineer (n.)

مدني مهندس operation (n.)

عملية

delegation(n.) وفد qualify(v.) يؤهل يتأهل /grandchildren (n.)

أحفاد surgeon (n.) جراح

research (n.) أبحاث heart transplant (n.)

قلب زراعة

uniform (n.) رسمي زى heart surgery (n.)

قلب جراحة

count (v.) يعد transplant centre (n.)

لزراعة مركزاألعضاء

retire (v.) يتقاعد retirement age (n.)

التقاعد سن

Vocabulary:

leader قائد food shortage

الغذاء نقص

leadership قيادة qualities / صفات سماتspelling هجاء village قريةcontributions إسهامات situations مواقفvalue qualificatio قيمة

nsمؤهالت

charitable organisations

خيرية مؤسسات a relative األقارب احد

save = rescue ينقذ mention يذكرsuddenly فجأة an article مقالة

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1dictionary قاموس human

cellsبشرية خاليا

immediately الحال في medicine / دواء الطبhabit عادة full-time

jobدائمة وظيفة

repeated action

متكرر حدث part-time job

مؤقتة وظيفة

hotel receptionist

استقبال موظففندق فى

project planning

تخطيطالمشروعات

an architect معماري مهندس treatment / معاملة عالجjob application

تقدم طلبلوظيفة

a fireman اإلطفاء رجل

marital status االجتماعية الحالة an accountant

محاسب

nationality الجنسية a news reporter

اخبارى مراسل

education التعليم a programmer

مبرمج

surname / اسم اللقبالعائلة

company = firm

شركة

date of birth الميالد تاريخ mention يذكرaddress العنوان improve / يتحسن يحسنa healthy heart

-world سليم قلبfamous

عالميا مشهور

details تفاصيل police officer

بوليس ضابط

the ٌٌٌٌٌRed Crescent

األحمر الهالل smart / ذكي أنيق

comfortable مريح proud فخورefficient فءُك dams سدودbridges / كباري جسور interview / يجري مقابلة

مقابلةheadline news تتصدر أخبار

الصحف عناوينprogrammes

برامج

magic سحر

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1

Make or Do? make friends

أصدقاء يتخذ do an operation

بعملية يقومجراحية

make sure يتأكــد do a job وظيفة يؤديmake contributions

بإسهامات يقوم do work بالعمل يقوم

make sense معني له do the shopping

يتسوق

make a decision

قرار / يتخذ يقرر do the homework

بواجباته يقومالمدرسية

make a difference to

اختالف يحدث له / يكون في

علي تأثير

do wrong يخطئ

make a mistake

يخطئ do good يُفيـد

make parts of cars

أجزاء يصنعالسيارات

do harm يضــر

make a fire نارا يشعل do the washing up

بغسل يقوماألواني

make a suggestion

اقتراح يقدم do the cleaning

بالتنظيف يقوم

make a promise

يوعد do the sweeping

بالكنس يقوم

make achievements

انجازات يحقق do a favour أو خدمة يقدممعروف

make peace السالم يحقق do a project بحث بعمل يقوم (في دراسة أو

أو مدرسةجامعة)

make war حرب يشن do research بعمل يقومأبحاث

make lunch/dinner

/ الغداء يعدالعشاء

do without عن يستغني

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1make the bed

السرير يرتب do (his) hair شعره يصفف

make up (his) mind

يقرر do something/nothing

(ال شيء يفعلشيء)

make a noise

ضوضاء يثير do the cooking

بالطهي يقوم

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1Words and their antonyms:

friendly ودود unfriendly ودود غيرimportant هام unimportant هام غيرmodern حديث ancient /

historicقديم

inside داخل outside خارجmarried متزوج unmarried/

singleأعزب

dead ميت alive قيد عليالحياة

major رئيسي minor ثانويspecial / مميز خاص ordinary

/usual/normalعادي

continue يستمر stop يتوقفleader / زعيم قائد follower تابع

Prepositions:

apply for (a job/a visa)

لـ بطلب يتقدم(وظيفة/تأشيرة)

apply to (a company)

بطلب يتقدم(للشركة)

apply in person

بالطلب يتقدمشخصياً

apply in writing

يتقدمكتابًة بالطلب

look up عن يبحث (في معلومة

قاموس) أو كتاب

interested in بـ مهتم

adapt to / علي يتأقلممع يتكيف

study at (school)

في يدرس

under the leadership of

قيادة تحت find out يكتشف

at the age of سن في benefit from من يستفيدcause of سبب reason for سببplay a part in في دوراً يلعب play a role in دوراً يلعب

فيchildren with heart problems

يعانون أطفال في مشكالت من

القلب

good at = clever at

في ماهر

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1have experience in

في خبرة لديه see off يودع

good for لـ مفيد from all over the world

أنحاء كل منالعالم

report on عن تقرير يقدم at the weekend

نهاية فياألسبوع

Irregular Verbs:

arise/arose/arisen ينشأ awake/awoke / awoken

يستيقظ

be/was-were/been يكون bear/bore/borne يتحملbear/bore/born يولد become/

became/becomeيصبح

begin/began/begun

يبدأ bend/bent/bent يثني

bet/bet/bet bet/betted/betted

يراهن bind/bound/bound

يربط

Derivatives:

Verb Noun Adjective Adverbdelegate يوفد

delegation وفد

lead يقود

leader قائدleadership قيادة

leading هام

operate يجري جراحة

operation operator عملية

التليفون عاملresearch يقوم بأبحاث

research بحثresearcher باحث

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1

surgery/ surgeon

surgical جراحي

Surgically جراحيا

qualify يتأهل

qualifications مؤهالت

qualified مؤَهل

retire يتقاعد

retirement تقاعد

retired متقاعد

Important Vocabulary for translation and composition:

horizons آفـاق human rights اإلنسان حقوق flourish يزدهـر war victims الحروب ضحايا decline / انخفاض ينخفض opponents المعارضـون life insurance علي التأمين الحياة

non-governmental غير حكـومي

with regard to بـ يتعلق فيما supporters مؤيدون

Expressing opinions with reasons:

I think / believe…because…

I think he will pass the exam because he studies hard.

In my opinion / view…as…

In my opinion, we should use cars less as they pollute the air

If you ask me, … so that ….

If you ask me, he should study harder so that he can pass the test.

Language Notes: فيفي ويأتيويأتي مختلفةمختلفة بمعاني بمعاني havehave فعلفعل استخداماستخدام الحظالحظ ۩۩

:: المختلفةالمختلفة األزمنةاألزمنة۩۩ have a meetinghave a meeting have a bathhave a bath have a showerhave a shower have an examhave an exam

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1 have a meal have a meal وجبةوجبة يتناوليتناول have a party have a party حفلةحفلة يقيميقيم

:: مختلفينمختلفين بمعنيين بمعنيين projectproject كلمةكلمة استخداماستخدام الحظالحظ ۩۩Do a (history) projectDo a (history) project فيفي دراسةدراسة أوأو بحثبحث بإعدادبإعداد يقوميقوم

معينمعين موضوعموضوع Carry out a projectCarry out a project مثال)مثال) ،، / صناعي/ صناعي (تجاري(تجاري مشروعمشروع ينفذينفذ

:: اآلتيةاآلتية الحاالتالحاالت فيفي onon الجرالجر حرفحرف استخداماستخدام ۩۩۩۩ on TVon TV on the radioon the radio on the on the telephonetelephone on the interneton the internet on showon showمعروضمعروض on display on display معروضمعروض on duty on duty فيفي الخدمةالخدمة on business on business عملعمل مهمةمهمة فيفي on the whole on the whole عامة عامة بصفة عمداعمدا on purpose on purposeبصفة on my way toon my way toفيفي

إلى إلى الطريق on footon foot الطريق on holidayon holiday on both sides of the street on both sides of the street جانبيجانبي عليعلي الشارعالشارع

مع مع inin ويستخدمويستخدم األياماأليام مع مع onon الجرالجر حرفحرف يستخدميستخدم ۩۩ السنين:السنين: وو الشهورالشهور

۩۩ on Monday, Friday, Sundayon Monday, Friday, Sunday ۩۩in May, April, Augustin May, April, August onon : : (والسنة) نستخدم(والسنة) نستخدم الشهرالشهر معمع اليوماليوم تحديدتحديد وعندوعند ۩۩

۩۩ On 2On 2 ndnd May May on March 1on March 1stst, 2010 , 2010 ۩۩ Decide to + inf.Decide to + inf. = make up (his) mind to = make up (his) mind to She She decided todecided to study zoology. study zoology. = She = She made up her mindmade up her mind toto studystudy zoology. zoology.۩۩ Decide on = chooseDecide on = choose : :يختاريختار Finally the parents Finally the parents decided ondecided on a namea name for the baby. for the baby.۩۩ Contribute to + V+ing / nContribute to + V+ing / n:: في في يسهم We should all We should all يسهمcontribute tocontribute to develop developinging our country. our country. Everyone Everyone contributed tocontributed to the the discussiondiscussion..

۩۩ Help to + inf.Help to + inf. / / help + inf.help + inf. / / help with + n.help with + n. He He helpedhelped me me to to dodo the job. = He the job. = He helpedhelped me me dodo the job. the job. He He helped helped meme with with the job.the job.

۩۩ Qualify asQualify as a teacher / an accountanta teacher / an accountant ( بعدها يأتي كـ بعدها ) يتأهل يأتي كـ يتأهل الوظيفة(الوظيفة(۩۩ qualify inqualify in biology / archaeologybiology / archaeology ( تخصص في مؤهل علي تخصص ) يحصل في مؤهل علي يحصلمعين(معين(

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1۩۩ be qualified to + inf.be qualified to + inf. لكي مؤهل لكي يكون مؤهل ....يكون He He qualified asqualified as a doctora doctor two years ago. two years ago. He He qualified inqualified in medicinemedicine last year. last year. She is She is qualified toqualified to teachteach English. English.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1 اآلتية:اآلتية: الجملالجمل تركيبتركيب الحظالحظ ۩۩

۩۩ The reason I like / enjoy … is that …The reason I like / enjoy … is that …۩۩ The reason I don't like … is that …The reason I don't like … is that … ۩۩The best / worst thing about … is …The best / worst thing about … is … في ... أسوأأسوأ / / أفضلأفضل في ... شيء شيء

أن أن هو هو۩۩ The main reason is that …The main reason is that … أن هو الرئيسي أن السبب هو الرئيسي السبب۩۩ I enjoy / love + I enjoy / love + V+ing …V+ing …ExamplesExamples:: The The reason I like reason I like this job this job is thatis that I meet all kinds of people. I meet all kinds of people. The best thing aboutThe best thing about working here working here isis the friendly people. the friendly people. I enjoyI enjoy working here because every day is different. working here because every day is different. The main reason is thatThe main reason is that I can earn a lot of money. I can earn a lot of money.۩۩ Do / carry out research on/intoDo / carry out research on/into في أبحاث بعمل في يقوم أبحاث بعمل يقوم He He diddid a lot of a lot of researchresearch onon plants. plants. He He carried out carried out research intoresearch into the causes of cancer. the causes of cancer.

التالية:التالية: األسئلةاألسئلة صياغةصياغة طريقةطريقة الحظالحظ ۩۩۩۩ Where do you come fromWhere do you come from? ? = = Which country do you Which country do you come fromcome from?? الجنسية عن الجنسية للسؤال عن للسؤال I come from England/ Italy…I come from England/ Italy…۩۩ What's your nationality?What's your nationality? جنسيةجنسية I'm English/ Italian.I'm English/ Italian.۩۩ What do you do?What do you do? = = What's your job? = What do you do What's your job? = What do you do for a living?for a living? I'm a teacher.I'm a teacher.۩۩ Where do you live?Where do you live? = = What's your address?What's your address? 15 Lincoln Street, New York.15 Lincoln Street, New York.۩۩ What's your date of birth?What's your date of birth? = When were you born?= When were you born?

الميالد تاريخ عن الميالد للسؤال تاريخ عن للسؤال I was born in Acapulco.I was born in Acapulco.۩۩ What's your marital statusWhat's your marital status ?? = = Are you single or Are you single or married?married? I'm single. I'm single.

متزوج)متزوج) أوأو (أعزب(أعزب االجتماعيةاالجتماعية الحالةالحالة عنعن للسؤالللسؤال ۩۩ Do / carry out / perform an operationDo / carry out / perform an operation عملية بإجراء عملية يقوم بإجراء يقومجراحيةجراحية۩۩ Have an operationHave an operation جراحية عملية له جراحية تجري عملية له تجري۩۩ For this reasonFor this reason, … , … السبب السبب ولهذا ولهذا He was highly qualified. He was highly qualified. For this reason,For this reason, he was accepted he was accepted for the job.for the job.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1

۩۩ die ofdie of a disease / hunger / thirst a disease / hunger / thirst ) / / ( عطش جوع مرض من عطش ) / / (يموت جوع مرض من يموت

۩۩ die fromdie from a wound / an injury / a spider bite a wound / an injury / a spider bite / ( جرح من جرح ) / يموت من / / إصابةإصابةيموت) عنكبوت أو عقرب (لدغة عنكبوت أو عقرب لدغة۩۩ research new treatmenresearch new treatment = do research on new t = do research on new

treatment treatment جديد عالج علي أبحاث بإجراء جديد يقوم عالج علي أبحاث بإجراء يقوم

۩۩ historic = (places / events / moments / day ) أهمية ذو تاريخيــة Tourists usually visit the historic places in Egypt.۩۩ historical التاريخ بدراسة تاريخيــة /مرتبط أهمية ذو historical places, research أبحاث , papers دراسات, studies, plays مسرحيات , novels روايات

۩۩ learn tolearn to = = lealea rr n how ton how to He He learned tolearned to useuse the computer. = He the computer. = He learned how tolearned how to useuse ... ...

:: becomebecome يصبحيصبح بمعنيبمعني هنا هنا fallfall الفعلالفعل استخداماستخدام الحظالحظ ۩۩۩۩ fall asleep/ill/unconsciousfall asleep/ill/unconscious الوعي الوعي فاقد فاقد

۩۩ fill infill in = = complete an application or a formcomplete an application or a form أو طلب بملء أو يقوم طلب بملء يقوماستمارةاستمارة

۩۩ arrive (I) يصل Your letter arrived yesterday. She was the last to arrive.

۩۩ arrive in (Cairo, London, Italy) عاصمة/ عاصمة كبيرةكبيرة مدينةمدينة إليإلي يصليصل / // دولةدولة

We arrived in New York at 6 p.m.۩۩ arrive at (school / the station/ the airport…) We arrived at school early.۩۩ reach (T) + مفعول We reached New York at 6 p.m. ال

جر حرف معها يستخدم۩۩ reach a decision لقرار لنتيجة a conclusion /يصل يتوصل

They were unable to reach a decision.Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:Choose the correct answer:1- Surgeons (do – make – act – bring) heart transplant

operations.11

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 12-She works for a charitable organisation as she believes that

her work (does – lacks – takes – makes) a difference to people's lives.

3- It's been more than 2 years since he (did – made – had – went) that operation. Now he's quite healthy.

4- I don't think she has (did – took – made – written) the right decision.

5-You (had – made – did – saw) me a big favour and I really appreciate يقدر it.

6-She (reached – got – went – arrived) in New York 2 days ago.7- If you (question – talk – ask – wonder) me, he should look for

another job.8-She hopes to (identify – verify – beautify – qualify) as a

lawyer at the end of the year.9-He's got to have a/an (operation – aspiration – collaboration –

concentration) on his shoulder10- A (vet – civil engineer – nurse – surgeon) is a doctor who is

specially trained to perform medical operationsFind the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:1-What do your do? – I'm reading a story.2-The better thing about this job is that it is well-paid.3-She felt ashamed because she did a silly mistake.4-Dr. Magdy Yacoub made many heart transplant operations.5-She helped me doing the job.6-Egypt sent a trade allegation to the conference.7-Policemen usually wear a platform.8-He had a kidney transport last year.9-The normal requirement age in Egypt is 60.10- She is interested on reading newspapers.

The Present Simple Tense : عادة أو متكرر حدث عن للتعبير يستخدم

Nurses look after patients in hospitals. Birds fly.12

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1 حقيقة عن للتعبير :يستخدم

Water is a renewable form of energy. : طويلة لفترة يتم حدث عن للتعبير يستخدم

I have a bath every other day. I prefer coffee to tea.

و التعليمات إعطاء أو طلب حالة في البسيط المضارع يستخدماالتجاهات :

How do I get to the station? You go straight on, then you turn left.

يضاف مع s عادة : he / she / it للفعلwant wants hate hates

التكرار علي الدالة الظروف ( adverbs of frequency ) تستخدمبعد و األفعال كل التكرار . To Be قبل علي الدالة الظروف و

هى:never / rarely = seldom / not often / sometimes = occasionally / often= frequently /usually / always

I always try to save energy. She's often late for work. الزمن علي الدالة بداية adverbs of time الظروف في إما تأتي

نهايتها أو الجملةWe watch TV every night. Every night we watch

TV. فعل استخدام أساسي : do الحظ كفعل

He does his homework once a week. How often does he do his homework?

تستخدم don't / doesn't : المضارع نفي حالة في He studies hard. He doesn't study hard.

علي الدالة الظروف مع البسيط المضارع يستخدم أن يمكن والكلمات و : اآلتية الزمن

ever / generally / / nowadays / on Mondays, on Tuesdays / twice a year / every week , day, year, summer….. Do you ever go to school on Friday? She frequently visits

the Pyramids. تستخدم do / does حالة عن في البسيط المضارع السؤال

المصدر في الفعل : ويكونDo you speak English?Does she play tennis?13

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1

am / is / are + PP. المضارع للمجهول في البسيط المبنى صيغة

Somebody cleans this room every day. This room is cleaned every day.

Present Continuous Tense التكوين :

Am/ is / are + v. +ingعليه الدالة : الكلمات

now / at the moment / look! / Listen! / at presentShe is writing a letter now. I am reading an interesting book at the moment.

المستمرة األزمنة في األفعال هذه استخدام عدم : الحظ

love حبي like يحب hate يكره prefer يفضلwant يريد need يحتاج deser

veيستحق suppo

seيفتر

ضmean يعنى unders

tandيفهم belie

veيصدق reme

mberيتذكر

contain

يحوى consist

يتكون

know يعرف belong

يخص

see يرى hear يسمع

smell يشم taste يتذوق

recognize

يتعرفعلى

realize يدرك surprise

يفاجئ astonish

يدهش

seem يبدو possess

يمتلك

own يمتلك depend

يعتمد

concern

يهم/ يتعلق

بـ

matter

يهم lack ينقص owe يدين

weigh

يزن measure

يقيس

agree يوافق

am / is / are + being + PP. المستمر في المضارعللمجهول المبنى صيغة

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1

Somebody is cleaning the room. =The room is being cleaned.

المستمر المضارع عن السؤال حالة : فيIs she doing the homework now?Are they painting the house at the moment?

حرف حذف إضافة e الحظ بـ ing قبل الفعل انتهي إذا إالee :

invite inviting write writing

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1 فعل ذلك عن يصبغ dye ويشذ : بمعني

She is dyeing her hair. يسبقه ساكن بحرف وتنتهي الواحد المقطع ذات األفعال

إضافة قبل األخير الحرف فيها نُضاعف : ing متحركhit hitting sit sitting dig digging run

runningThey are digging a well at the moment.

قبل اآلتية األفعال في األخير الحرف مضاعفة أيضا والحظ : : ing إضافة

prefer preferring refer referringbegin beginning

Past Simple Tense البسيط الماضي :يستخدم1-: الماضي في معين وقت في انتهي حدث عن للتعبير

I went to Cairo last week. The Chinese invented printing centuries ago.

2 -: الماضي في قصــة سياق فيSam walked down the road to the block of flats on the

corner. He went through the door and pressed the button for the lift. He went up to …..

3-: الماضي في عادة أو موقف عن للتعبير When I was young, we lived in Alex.

للفعل انتهى ed يضاف إذا و البسيط الماضي استخدام عندبـ له e الفعل : فقط d يضاف

help helped live lived البسيط الماضي مثل يستخدم كلمات مع : غالبا

last (year, night, week, month / summer) / ago / yesterday / in ancient times / once upon a time / the other day, year (= a few days, years ago)/ in 2000 / in the past How many symphonies did Beethoven compose?

السؤال ( حالة ) في Did you see Peter at lunch time? I didn’t know him then. ) النفي حالة ) في

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1 استخدام عند أنه أو did الحظ السؤال ، didn’t في النفي في

المصدر في الفعل معهما :يأتي Did it rain? It didn’t rain.Did you go out last night, Tom?Yes, I went to the cinema, but I didn’t enjoy the

film. من الحظ الماضي was / were : هو To Be ان

Why were you so angry? Tom wasn’t at work yesterday

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1 للمجهول المبني في البسيط : الماضي

Was / were + PPHe wrote the letter a few days ago. The letter was written a few days ago.

Past Continuous Tense المستمر الماضي التكوين :

Was / Were + V-ing المستمر الماضي : past continuous يستخدمالماضي -1 في معين وقت أثناء مستمر حدث عن :للتعبير

Between six and half past six this morning, I was having breakfast.

مستمر -2 حدث عن آخر الماضي في للتعبير حدث : قطعه I was having a shower when the phone rang.

الماضي يأتي -3 في موقف أو قصة سياق : في I was studying Chemistry when I met Jane.He was doing research when they arrested him.

مثل كلمات مع غالبا المستمر الماضي / While: يستخدمwhen / As / Just as

While (When) we were doing the homework, it started to rain.

أنأن الحظالحظ whenwhen بسيطبسيط ماضيماضي بعدهابعدها يأتييأتي أنأن يمكن يمكن ::We were doing the homework when it started to rain.

معمع الحدثينالحدثين يكونيكون أنأن يمكنيمكن whilewhile المستمرالمستمر الماضيالماضي في في ::

While I was studying, my father was reading. معمع الحدثينالحدثين يكونيكون أنأن يمكنيمكن whenwhen البسيطالبسيط الماضيالماضي في في ::

When he arrived , he found the door locked. استخداماستخدام يمكنيمكن OnOn منمن بدال بدال whenwhen يعدهايعدها يأتييأتي و و : :V+V+

inging When he arrived , he found the door locked. (On …)

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1On arriving, he found the door locked.

استخداماستخدام يمكنيمكن duringduring منمن بدال بدال whilewhile يعدهايعدها يأتييأتي و و noun / V+noun / V+ inging : :

While he was playing the game, he got hurt. (during)

During the game, he got hurt. He got hurt during the game.

بعدبعد الفعلالفعل andand يسبقها:يسبقها: الذيالذي الفعلالفعل شكلشكل نفسنفس يأخذ يأخذ He was writing a letter and listening to some music.

She has finished work and gone home. استخداماستخدام عدمعدم الحظالحظ to Beto Be المستمر:المستمر: الماضيالماضي في في

While I was at school, I worked to a plan.

The Present Perfect Tense

التكوين : Have / Has + PP.

He has just bought a new car. They have already done the shopping.

: عن للتعبير التام المضارع يستخدمالحاضر -1 في تأثير له يزال وال الماضي في تم :حدث

My car has broken down. = I have to go to work by bus.

الحاضر - 2 في مستمر زال ما و الماضي في تم :حدث I have done this job for many years. = I still do this job. BUT I lived in Cairo for many years. = I live somewhere else now.) بسيط )ماضي

مثـل كلمات مع التام المضـارع :يستخدمalready / just / ever / never / yet / since / for / lately / recently / so far / up till now

يلـي بمـا الجملة بدأت إذا يستخدم : و It’s/This is the first (second…) time..

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1 It’s(This) is the only… In the last few years/months In recent years over the ages / over the years / over the centuries

/ / القرون السنين العصور مر عليIt’s the first time I have been to this place.This is the only play I have seen. Egypt has made great progress in the last few years.

أنأن الحظالحظ ever/never/just/ alreadyever/never/just/ already بينبين تأتيتأتي have/hashave/has .. PPPP : : الثالثالثالث والتصريفوالتصريف

I have just written the letter. استخداماستخدام الحظالحظ everever وو السؤالالسؤال في في nevernever اإلجابةاإلجابة في في ::

Have you ever travelled by plane? No, I have never travelled by plane.

Just = a short time ago/ a minute/ a moment ago They left the building a minute ago. (just) = They have just left the building.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1 استخداماستخدام الحظالحظ since / forsince / for

Since + الحدث بدايةSince last week / last summer / 1999 / five o’clock /

October / this morning / yesterday / then / Monday / breakfast

For + زمنية فترةFor a week / the last week / a year / five hours / three

months / two days / a long time I haven’t cleaned the house for a week. She hasn’t phoned us since October.

معمع واحــدواحــد فعـلفعـل وجـودوجـود حــالةحــالة فيفي sincesince المضارعالمضارع نستخدم نستخدم :: التامالتام

بعدبعد يأتييأتي ،، فعلينفعلين وجـودوجـود حـالةحـالة فيفي sincesince بسيطبسيط ماضيماضي past simplepast simple التامالتام المضارعالمضارع فيفي الثانيالثاني الفعلالفعل و و ::

I haven’t seen her since she graduated. استخداماستخدام يمكنيمكن أنهأنه الحظالحظ agoago مـع مـع sincesince ::

I haven't seen him since three years ago. وجودوجود حالةحالة فيفي ولكنولكن agoago نستخدمنستخدم ،، فقط فقط past simplepast simple : :

I saw him three years ago. Last / The last time / ago + past simple

استخداماستخدام عندعند since / forsince / for نستخدمنستخدم السابقةالسابقة الكلماتالكلمات منمن بدالبدال :: منفىمنفى تامتام مضارعمضارع

I last had my hair cut when I was in Cairo. (since) = I haven’t had my hair cut since I was in Cairo. The last time I met Jennie was in 2000. (since / for ) = I haven’t met Jennie since 2000. = I haven’t met Jennie for 9 years. = I haven't met Jennie since 9 years ago. The last time I played chess was six years ago.

(since/for) = I haven’t played chess since 2003. = I haven’t played chess for six years. = I haven't played chess since six years ago.21

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1استخداماستخدام حالةحالة فيفي agoago منمن بدال بدال forfor نستخدم نستخدم started to /started to /

began to + infbegan to + inf . : He has learnt English for six years. (ago) He began / started to learn English six years ago.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1 استخداماستخدام عندعند انهانه الحظالحظ sincesince منمن بدالبدال forfor نستخدمنستخدم

: اآلتياآلتي التركيبالتركيب

It’s + It’s + زمنيةزمنية فترةفترة + since + + since + فاعلفاعل + + + last + + last + ماضيماضي بسيطبسيط He hasn’t visited his uncle for a long time. (since) It’s a long time since he last visited his uncle.

استخداماستخدام عندعند انهانه الحظالحظ everever منمن بدالبدال nevernever نستخدمنستخدم تفضيل:تفضيل: صيغةصيغة

I have never done such a tiring job. (This is…) = This is the most tiring job I have ever done.

استخداماستخدام عندعند أنهأنه الحظالحظ nevernever منمن بدالبدال everever نستخدمنستخدم such (a/an) adj. + nsuch (a/an) adj. + n .. ::

This is the worst luck I have ever had. (never) = I have never had such bad luck.

استخداماستخدام الحظالحظ yetyet المنفيــةالمنفيــة الجملةالجملة فيفي I haven’t finished my homework yet.

استخداماستخدام حالةحالة فيفي yetyet منمن بدال بدال stillstill تامتام مضارعمضارع نستخدم نستخدم المستمر:المستمر: المضارعالمضارع منمن بدالبدال منفىمنفى

He is still writing the report. (yet) He hasn’t finished writing the report yet.

تستخدمتستخدم yetyet بهـابهـا جمــلةجمــلة نفينفي فيفي just / alreadyjust / already :: He has just arrived. He hasn’t arrived yet.

Exercises on Grammar:Choose the correct answer:1-(Are you thinking - You are thinking - Do you thinking - Do you think) people should work in their 70s or 80s?

2-She's (delaying – dying – dyeing – paying) her hair at the moment.3-I only (buy – buys – bought – buying) my new camera last week, but I (take already – have already taken – has already taken – will already take) 300 photos with it.

4- My father (work – is worked – working - works) in a bank in the city centre. He (works – has worked – was working - worked) there for 15 years.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 15- My company (has – have – had – is having – will have) an

important meeting last month. A delegation (come – came – is coming – would come) from their office in Japan.

6- I (am – is – had been - was) so tired last night that I (fallen – falls – to fall – fell) asleep while I (was watching – watches – have watched – had watched) a film on TV.

7-At the moment we (are doing – do – have done - were doing) a history project at school. It (was – has – does - is) very interesting.

8- It (does not often rain – not often rains – is not often raining – will not often rain) in Egypt. It (was – were – been - is) usually hot and sunny, so we need air conditioning in many of our buildings.

9- I first (meet – have met – met – meeting) my best friend 2 years ago.10-What (were you done – you were doing – do you do – were you doing) at 3 o'clock yesterday?Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:1- What did you do since the weekend?2-When would you start to learn English? – Two years ago.3-I want to be a doctor since I was ten.4-When I was eight. I have seen a programme about a famous doctor on TV.5-We were having a meeting at work this morning when suddenly all the lights were going out.6-At the moment my sister trains to be a primary teacher.7-Metals are expanding when they are heated.8-She does research on plants a few years ago.9-I knew him for ten years.10-I didn't see the film yet.

Test on Unit 1Test on Unit 1A- Language Functions

1- Respond to the following situations:

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 11. A friend wants to know what job you would like to do when

you leave school.2. A friend asks you why you'd like to be a doctor.3. Your teacher asks you why you enjoy learning English.4. A relative wants to know the best thing about your school.

2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are:1- A: What are you doing there? B: I’m cooking lunch. A: Be quick, please. I’m too hungry..2- A: How often should I take this drug, please? B.: Twice daily. A: How much is it? B: Thirty five pounds.

B- Vocabulary and Structure 3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d1. Our company is planning to send (a group - a worker - a car -

a delegation) to the next international meeting.2. Mrs. Smith was very happy to become (a surgeon - a

grandmother - a father - a cousin) when her daughter had a baby son.

3. The old doctor is looking forward to his (retirement – holiday – year – society) at 65 years because he will no longer have to work.

4. The boy needs (a doctor - a charity - a transplant - a hospital) because his heart is not working properly and without a new heart he will die.

5. It’s terribly hot in here.  Please can you turn on the (heater- lights - parts - air conditioning)?

6. That boy loves to draw buildings! I believe that he will become (an engineer - a businessman –

an architect - an artist) when he grows up.7. (Civil engineers - Architects - Designers – Managers) are

important because they work on many things, from bridges and waterways to road systems.

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Place: ---------------------

Speaker A:

Place: ---------------------

Speaker A:

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 18. When I was at school I liked my (teachers – uniform -

classroom – shoes). It was red and grey and I loved wearing it.

9. What exams (are - did – have – might) you passed?10. After I finished school, I (study - am studying - have

studied – studied) tourism at university.11. Has Sara (applying - applied - apply – application) for any

jobs yet?12. Mona (is working - works - has worked - have worked) at Ain

Shams Hospital on Thursdays and Fridays.13. The university is (advertisement - advertised - advertises –

advertising) for a qualified doctor at the moment.14. While I (was looking - looked - have looked – looks) for work I saw

an advertisement for my dream job!15. People (continued - continue to - continuing to - have

continued to) work when they are older for many reasons.16. I (enjoyed - enjoying - have enjoyed - enjoyed to) working

with my company but now I want to look for another job.4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:1- While he does his homework, his friend arrived.1- While he does his homework, his friend arrived.2- Before she did research on new treatments, she works as a 2- Before she did research on new treatments, she works as a surgeon.surgeon.3- My brother has a difficult decision to do next week.3- My brother has a difficult decision to do next week.4- He isn't finishing the job yet.4- He isn't finishing the job yet.5- When the company needs people to speak for it at a meeting, it 5- When the company needs people to speak for it at a meeting, it can send a relation.can send a relation.6- Both my parents are tired. They no longer work.6- Both my parents are tired. They no longer work.

C- Reading Comprehension5- Read the following passage and then answer the questions: Would you like to be a teleworker? Teleworkers do company work at home, usually on computers. Teleworkers communicate with their bosses by telephone or fax. Some

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1companies also give videophones to their teleworkers so they can see work colleagues when they speak to them.Teleworking is becoming more and more popular for many reasons. The biggest advantage for companies is that teleworking reduces the companies' running costs. One of the cheapest solutions can be to train employees in computer skills and to give them a personal computer to use at home.However, before you apply for a job as a teleworker, you should ask yourself if it is really the best situation for you. Bill Smith, who works for a big company, hasn't enjoyed his last three months at home. "I often fall asleep at the computer because I don't have anybody to talk to' Next week, he's starting a new job in a company where there are five people in a small office.'I can't wait!' he says.A. Answer the following questions:1- Why do some companies like to employ teleworkers?2- If you get the chance, would you like to work as a

teleworker? Why? Why not?3- From the passage give one word for each of the following: a) work mates b) liked by many people B. Choose the correct answer:4- A teleworker's job is to work------------ a) in a small office b) for a company at home c) alone in an office of a company d) with colleagues in an office5- According to Bill Smith, working alone makes you feel------------------------- a) hungry b) cheerful c) bored d) happy6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:Helen Keller was an American writer who worked hard for handicapped people. She was a great example of a person who conquered physical handicaps. A serious illness destroyed

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1her sight and hearing by the time she was about two years old. However, she was able to overcome her difficulties and become internationally famous.

Through the sense of touch, Ann Sullivan, who had been blind during childhood, could teach her reading and writing in Braille method. Gradually, the child was able to connect words with objects.

By the time she was sixteen, she could learn to speak. She went to a private secondary school and to college from which she graduated with honours.After college, She was interested in improving the conditions of the blind, the deaf and all the handicapped. She gave lectures and wrote many books and articles. She asked for funds from wealthy people. During World War II, she helped the soldiers who had been blinded in the war. She always gave courage to the handicapped.

A. Answer the following questions: 1- Why did Helen Keller become blind and deaf?2- Who does the underlined pronoun her refer to?3- Mention two things Helen did to help the handicapped.B. Choose the best answer from a,, b, c or d: 4-Although she lost her sight and hearing, Helen

--------------------------. a) could see, hear and speak when she was 18 b) was shut

off from the world c) asked for funds from wealthy people d) could overcome her disabilities and become famous5-When Helen was sixteen years old, she -------------------------.a) could talk only with the sign language of the deaf mute

b) gave lectures and wrote many booksc) could learn to speak d) worked with soldiers blinded in the war

D- Writing8- Write a paragraph of about 100 words about:

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 1"The job you would like to do in the future"

E- Translation9- A) Translate into Arabic:

Television has some negative effects. Studies in the USA show that today's children are fatter than children were before because they eat much when they are watching TV. These studies show that the children who spend a lot of time watching TV are worse at school.

B) Translate into English:. المجاالت كل في كبيرا تقدما مصر أحرزت لقد- 1. النجاح إلي الوحيد الطريق هو الشاق العمل- 2

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